Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adelio Goncalves Brito.pdf: 55870463 bytes, checksum: 4884765df8fcc405255c564841ce4601 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / The goal of this study is to investigate the semiotic building process of a hero in the graphic novel 300, by Frank Miller, through the identification of a unique style of the author, based on narrative protocols of this media. Object of the investigation and contextualization determinant of this construction, the language of comics is exposed and analyzed in what constitute it, that is, on what defines it as a genre and characterizes it as a singular media, propitious as an entertainment use, especially in its graphic novel format. So, the research predisposes to unravel this language discursive course (Comics in graphic novel format), through which represents and constitutes the character of King Leonidas, leader of the warrior campaign which gives name to the aforementioned graphic novel. Such unraveling is supported by a semiotic analysis of the representation games between the characters and the narrative in the journey of the hero, which justifies the use of a theoretical reflection provided by the narratology of Vladimir Propp, supported by the Haroldian study on Macunaíma and the deepened analysis on that subject made by the studies of Christopher Vogler, and, finally, under the perspective of myth Joseph Campbell. The studies showed a King Leonidas built from a rescue of he old style hero, celebrated in the early days of comics, associated with multiple layers of meanings, which are repeated in two other Miller s characters, while they identified a millerian style, that works with elements of comics language in an unusual way, combining them with other languages, such as film and painting / O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar o jogo de construção semiótica do herói na graphic novel Os 300 de Esparta, do quadrinista Frank Miller, por meio da identificação de um estilo próprio do autor, embasado nos protocolos narrativos desta mídia. Objeto da investigação e contextualização determinante dessa construção, a linguagem dos quadrinhos é exposta e analisada naquilo que a constitui, ou seja, naquilo que a define como gênero e a caracteriza como uma mídia singular propícia ao uso como entretenimento, especialmente em seu formato de graphic novel. Assim, a pesquisa se predispõe a deslindar os percursos discursivos desta linguagem (História em Quadrinhos em seu formato graphic novel), por meio dos quais se representa e constitui a personagem do Rei Leônidas, que é o condutor da campanha guerreira a que se refere o título da HQ. Tal deslinde está embasado numa análise semiótica dos jogos de representação entre as personagens e a narrativa na jornada do herói, o que justifica o uso da reflexão teórica proporcionada pela narratologia de Vladimir Propp, apoiada pela análise haroldiana do Macunaíma, além dos aprofundamentos que os estudos de Christopher Vogler acrescentam e, por fim, sob a perspectiva do mito de Joseph Campbell. Os estudos apontaram um Rei Leônidas construído a partir do resgate do modelo antigo de herói, celebrado nos primórdios das HQs, associado a múltiplas camadas de significações, que se repetem em outras duas personagens consagradas de Miller, ao mesmo tempo em que identificou-se um estilo milleriano, que trabalha elementos da linguagem dos quadrinhos de maneira inusitada, combinando-os com outras linguagens, como cinema e pintura

Esta pesquisa pretende analisar a trajetória dos protagonistas de três romances A Cidade e os cachorros de Mario Vargas Llosa, Manhã submersa de Vergílio Ferreira e O Ateneu de Raul Pompéia que apresentam como núcleo temático comum a opressão sofrida no espaço específico de um internato. O objetivo é traçar uma comparação entre as experiências desses personagens desde o período anterior à entrada no internato ao seu posterior retorno à sociedade, a fim de poder avaliar os efeitos do confinamento no comportamento de cada um deles. Como embasamento teórico, o trabalho recorre ao conceito de total institution, definido pelo sociólogo Erving Goffman, para melhor examinar em que medida esses ambientes se configuram como uma instituição de confinamento totalizante, que faz com que seus internos passem por dolorosas mortificações, degradações e, consequentemente, transformações na concepção que têm sobre si mesmos e os outros. Também se recorre à noção de formação de corpos dóceis, desenvolvida por Foucault, para investigar como as particularidades dos coercitivos métodos adotados pelos dirigentes dessas instituições podem ser tomadas como variações de um mesmo sistema de controle disciplinar, o qual visa moldar o comportamento do interno, induzindo-o a um tal estado de alienação que aplaque a sua capacidade de diferenciação e de contestação. Prevê-se, ainda, explorar o processo de amadurecimento desses protagonistas, que, à custa do embate com o meio repressor e os demais personagens, seguem rumo a uma consciência crítica da realidade, verificando a possibilidade de aproximação das mencionadas narrativas com o signo literário do Bildungsroman (ou romance de formação). / This research intends to analyze the protagonists\' path in three novels, which present a common point: the oppression arose in a specific setting, a boarding school. The above-mentioned novels are Misty Morning by Vergilio Ferreira, O Ateneu by Raul Pompeia and The time of the hero by Mario Vargas Llosa. The aim is to draw a comparison among these characters experiences from the period before the admission to the boarding school until their return to the society, in order to be able to evaluate the confinements effects on the behavior of each one of them. As a theoretical basis, this research resorts to the concept of total institution, defined by the sociologist Erving Goffman, to better examine to what extent these environments are totalizing institutions, that make that their boarders live painful mortifications, degradations and, as a consequence, changes in their conception about themselves and the others. It also resorts to the idea of docile bodies conformation, developed by Foucault, to investigate how the particularities of coercive methods adopted by those institutions leaders may be taken as variations of the same system of disciplinary control, which aims to determine the boarders behavior, inducing him to such a level of alienation that appeases his autonomy and ability to question this system in which he is inserted. There is also the intention to explore these protagonists physical and intellectual growing up process, which proceeds, after their struggles with the repressive environment and the others characters, towards a critical awareness of reality, and to consider the possibility of setting the mentioned narratives under the title of Bildungsroman.

A presente pesquisa visa analisar aspectos da natureza das práticas rituais realizadas em determinadas estruturas absidais* de grande porte em sítios gregos da Idade do Ferro. Muitos autores afirmam que nessas estruturas as práticas rituais funerárias assumem as características de um verdadeiro culto heróico. Contudo, também observam que na grande maioria dos casos, é difícil estabelecer uma distinção clara entre as evidências que denotam funções sagradas e aquelas que denotam funções profanas. Para tentar entender melhor essas limitações de funções e também as próprias características dos aspectos religiosos da Idade do Ferro, selecionamos quatro sítios onde essas estruturas absidais são encontradas e datadas entre os séculos XI e VIII a.C.: o Mégaron A e o Mégaron B em Thermos, na Etólia, o Edifício Toumba em Lefkandi, na ilha da Eubéia, os Edifícios C, D e S em Asine, na região da Argólida e o Edifício A (ou Daphnephoreion) e o Templo D em Erétria, também localizada na ilha da Eubéia. Pretendemos realizar um estudo desses casos, relacionando o exame dos aspectos arquitetônicos com a análise da cultura material associada a essas estruturas. Comparando os dados entre si, objetivamos levantar algumas considerações sobre a natureza dessas práticas rituais, relacionando-as com a documentação textual e imagética disponível. Objetivamos por fim, indicar algumas questões a respeito da importância e das implicações dessas práticas rituais no contexto sócio-político, principalmente nos séculos IX e VIII a.C. / This research aims to analyze the aspects of ritual practices that took place in monumental apsidal structures* in Greek sites of Iron Age (1100 to 700BC). Many authors believe that these funerary practices are dressed up as a real hero cult. Though, they also observe that generally is really difficult to establish a clear distinction between the sacred and the profane functions fulfilled by these structures. We have chosen four sites where these structures can be found and dated to the 11th to 8th BC in order to understand better the interaction between the sacred and the profane activities, investigating the religious aspects of the Greek Iron Age: Megaron A and Megaron B in Thermos, the Toumba building in Lefkandi, Buildings C, D e S in Asine and Building A (or Daphnephoreion) and Temple D in Eretria. We intend to link the exam of architectural aspects to the archaeological material associated with the apsidal structures. Our purpose is to establish a comparative analysis between the archaeological data, the written and the image sources available for this period, providing considerations about the meaning, and the implications of the religious nature of these sites related to the rise of the polis

Dans la présente thèse en cotutelle qui a pour titre: «La réalisation du type linguoculturel « héros combattant» dans le discours littéraire» nous abordons les domaines de la linguistique théorique actuelle: le langage et la société, le langage et la culture, études cognitives et axiologiques. La linguoculturologie est une nouvelle branche de la linguistique qui traite le type linguoculturel comme une variété de concept, dont le contenu est une personnalité linguistique typifiée. L’actualité de l’étude du type linguoculturel « héros combattant » est conditionnée par la nécessité d’étudier les particularités du raisonnement et du comportement de la personnalité héroïque comme reflet du caractère national et de valeurs propres à telle ou telle linguoculture, mais également comme personnalité modèle fixant les orientations les valeurs de comportement pour les représentants de la nation. La compréhension de la symbolisation de l’image du héros combattant est importante pour comprendre la mentalité française. Les caractéristiques générales du type étudié et les outils linguistiques, l’objectivant dans le discours littéraire servent de matière de l’étude. L’objectif de la thèse est de réaliser une analyse complexe de la réalisation du discours du type linguoculturel « héros combattant ». Nous nous sommes servi pour notre matériel d’études de fragments de textes de cinq œuvres littéraires... [...] / The PhD dissertation accomplished under the joint guidance and entitled «The Realization of the Linguocultural Type «HERO FIGHTER» in Literary Discourse» discusses a number of issues relevant to current theoretical linguistics: language and society, language and culture, cognitive and axiological studies. Linguocultural studies is a relatively new branch of linguistics which describes the linguocultural type as a variety of the concept whose content is a typified linguistic personality. The topicality and importance of studying the linguocultural type «hero fighter» is conditioned by the necessity to explore the motivation and behaviour peculiarities of a heroic personality both as a reflection of the national character and the values accepted by a particular linguoculture, and as a model personality who establishes the value guidelines of demeanour for the nation. To better understand the French mentality it seems significant to describe the specific character of symbolization of the hero fighter’s image. Various characteristics of the discussed type and the linguistic means objectifying it in literary discourse serve as the subject of the presented research. The aim of the thesis consists in a complex analysis of discourse realization of the linguocultural type «hero fighter». The sources for the language material are the texts of five literary works of the 20th... [...]

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The novel <em>Berlin Alexanderplatz</em> by Alfred Döblin was published in 1929. It has subsequently been widely recognized as an important part of German Modernism due to its new conception of the hero, as well as its innovative narrative structure. The aim of this essay is both to determine the innovatory details in the concept of the hero and to describe the narrative structure, which is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the hero Franz Biberkopf. Hence, not only direct utterances by the hero and other narrative techniques are dealt with in the analysis, but also a wider context, including social interaction and the impact of the metropolis. In <em>Berlin Alexanderplatz</em> the concept of the hero is based on a fundamental criticism of the bourgeois view of the human being, a view which derives from the classical Homeric epic, stretching over the Enlightenment and into Döblin's time. However, the narrative innovation in <em>Berlin Alexanderplatz</em> is not only to be seen as the personal result of Döblin's critical reflections on the narrative tradition of the ʻbourgeois epicʼ, but also as one manifestation among others within the framework of Modernist criticism.</p>

<p>The purpose of this essay is to examine how the adventure is accomplished as a project, and how this is vindicated, through science or by other means. The scientists of today are not seen as adventurers or heroes, at least not as they used to, but this image lives on as a sort of role or social institution, that can be used by anyone and in any purpose. These roles could be seen as a type of rules for the modern adventurer, and act both as a limit or a possibility. This essay compares two North Pole travelers, Ola Skinnarmo and Salomon August Andrée.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats syfte är att undersöka hur man genomför äventyret som ett projekt och hur detta legitimeras, genom vetenskap eller på annat sätt. Vetenskapsmännen ses idag inte som äventyrare eller hjältar, i alla fall inte på samma sätt som förr, men den bilden lever kvar i form av en "rollbeskrivning" eller en sorts "social institution" som kan användas av vem som helst och i alla möjliga syften. Dessa"rollbeskrivningar"skulle kunna ses som en sorts "spelregler" för dagens moderna äventyrare och verka både begränsande och möjliggörande. I uppsatsen jämförs två polarfarare, Ola Skinnarmo och Salomon August Andrée, och deras respektive expeditioner. </p>

I den här uppsatsen analyserar jag protagonisten Jean-Baptiste Clamences moraliska utveckling i Albert Camus’ roman Fallet. Jag använder A.J. Greimas aktantmodell och dennes utveckling av Vladimir Propps funktionsanalys för att nå mitt syfte. Jag föreslår även en kombination av de båda teorierna till ett schema, aktantfunktionsschemat, som jag använder för att tolka Clamences moraliska utveckling. Genom aktant-funktionsanalysen visar det sig hur Clamence gradvis djupnar och växer fast i sitt fall och sin skuld. Han söker den moraliska oskuld som flytt men inser till slut att den har gått oåterkalleligt förlorad. Istället underkastar han sig sin skuld och blir domare-botgörare – en falsk profet som förhärligas i självförgudningen.Men utvecklingen av samtalet går fel. Istället för att bryta ner den andre och tvinga fram dennes bekännelse möter Clamence sin överman i samtalspartnern, och jag argumenterar för att Clamence misslyckas med sitt syfte, underkastar sig samtalspartnern och gränsar till vansinnet. Det mest förvånande resultatet av analysen är hur samtalspartnern måste framstå som den verklige hjälten i historien vilket kräver en ny definition av aktanterna och klargörandet av en bakomliggande historia. Jag föreslår att samtalspartnern kan ses som en ny Kristus men tillstår behovet av vidare forskning. / In this essay I analyse the moral progression of Jean-Baptiste Clamence, the protagonist in Albert Camus’ novel The Fall. I employ A.J. Greimas’ actantial model and his development of Vladimir Propp’s function analysis for my purposes. I also propose a combination of the theories into a new actantial-functional scheme through which I analyses Clamence’s moral progression. Through the actantial-functional analysis it becomes clear how Clamence gradually deepens and grows rooted in his fall and guilt. Though seeking the moral innocence which he has lost he finally realises that it is gone forever and instead he submits to his fate and becomes judge-penitent – a false prophet indulging in self-deification. But the development of the conversation goes wrong. Instead of breaking the interlocutor down and forcing his confession Clamence meets his superior in the interlocutor, and I argue that Clamence fails in his aim, surrenders to the other and borders on madness. The most intriguing result of the analysis is how the interlocutor must stand out as the true hero of the novel which calls for a new definition of the actants in the novel and for the need of a primary story. I suggest that the interlocutor may be seen as an incarnation of Christ but acknowledges the need of further research.

Extreme violence, which often results in murder, is a prominent theme in the American literary canon; therefore, it deserves a wider and more focused lens in the study of Twentieth-Century American literature. Murder and entertainment seldom coexist in canonical literature, but the very nature of the murder, foreign to many readers, consequently piques one’s curiosity, and demands special attention. The literary texts I have chosen to discuss are four novels and three plays. They all belong to the genre known in literature as ‘a crime novel or play.’ The murderers are easily identified, and their criminal acts have been carried out successfully, often with much forethought and detail. My focus has been to conduct a psychological study to highlight the impetus for the crime. Three basic themes have captured my attention: 1- Is the murder a sin or a crime? What is the role of religion in the lives of the accused? 2- Is it right to blame society for such horrendous acts? 3- How is the American Dream portrayed in these works? The closer we get to the end of the Twentieth-Century, the harder it is to detect an affirmative ending in the works of literature I have explored. The insatiable appetite for material consumption overshadows the pursuit of happiness, or, maybe happiness is defined by material wealth. The critical question is: can American society read the warning written on the wall?

Abstract Title: The game of playing: A media ethnographic study of children playing videogames on a Swedish after school recreation centre. Spelet om spelandet: En medieetnografisk studie av barns dataspelande på en fritidsklubb. Number of pages: 46 Author: Peter Brandberg Tutor: Amelie Hössjer Period: Spring term 2008 Course: Media and Communication studies D University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University Purpose/Aim: The aim with this study is to describe how children play video games in an everyday context. In this study this context consists of a Swedish after school recreation centre. By combining three different aspects on the activity this study tries to understand how both the video game and the social and cultural context in which the activity takes place in influences it. This by taking one analyse of the specific game that the children played at the time of the study and how the overall environment is structured into account. Together these two perspectives contribute to the understanding of the playing as a complex and dynamic activity. Material/Method: The material and method consists primary of a participatory observation which were conducted for eight days in an after school recreation centre. The analyse of the video game uses specific parts from the ludologist Aki Järvinens “applied ludology” to understand the game Guitar Hero. Main results: The main results of this study shows how the social context influences the play activity in which the children needs to negotiate about the resources needed to play. They used different strategies to try to gain control over the interfaces to the game. The study also shows how the children didn’t relate to the fact that these interfaces looked like guitars in their use of them. Instead the children used knowledge about other interfaces and played the game by “pressing buttons in the right time”. Keywords: media ethnographic, participatory observation, ludology, applied ludology, video game, game studies, guitar hero, children, after school recreation centre, situated play

Более столетия русское и зарубежное литературоведение «разгадывает загадку» творчества Федора Михайловича Достоевского. Сам писатель четко сформулировал для себя творческое задание: при полном реализме найти в человеке человека. Герой Достоевского живет не хлебом единым. Он почти всегда человек идеи, чувствует себя обязанным определить свою позицию по отношению к вечным проблемам бытия. Герой Достоевского – это человек, выведенный на орбиту вечности, хотя он всегда представляет свою эпоху. Объектом исследования нашей магистерской работы и является один из таких героев-идеологов – Иван Карамазов («Братья Карамазовы»). Сам Достоевский в письме 1879 года к своему издателю Н.А. Любимову назвал Ивана одним из главнейших характеров своего философского романа (Достоевский, 30(1), 76). Не случайно, что именно Иван является в романе автором поэмы «Великий инквизитор», а также других философских сочинений, в которых выражены религиозно-философские размышления Достоевского. / Daugiau nei šimtmetį rusų ir užsienio literatūros žinovai mina Fedoro Dostojevskio kūrybos «mįslę». Pats rašytojas aiškiai suformulavo sau kūrybinę užduotį: visiškame realizme surasti žmoguje žmogų. Dostojevskio herojus beveik visada idejos žmogus, jaučiantys, kad jo pareiga yra nustatyti savo poziciją santykinai su amžinomis būties problemomis. Dostojevskio herojus – tai žmogus, išvestas į amžinybės orbitą, nors jis visada atstovauja savo epochą. Šio magistrinio darbo tyrinėjimo objektas ir yra vienas iš tokių ideologų – Ivanas Karamazovas («Broliai Karomazovai»). Pats Dostojevskis 1879 metų laiške savo leidėjui N. Liubimovui Ivaną įvardino kaip vieną iš reikšmingiausių savo filosofinio romano charakterių. Neatsitiktinai, kad romane būtent Ivanas yra poemos «Didis inkvizitorius» autorius, o taip pat kitų filosofinių veikalų, kuriose išreiškiami religinio ir filosofinio pobūdžio Dostojevskio apmąstymai. / More centuries Russian and foreign literary criticism "solves a riddle" Feodor Mihajlovicha Dostoevsky's creativity. The writer has precisely formulated for itself the creative task: at full realism to find in the person of the person. Hero Dostoevsky lives not bread uniform. It almost always the person of idea, feels obliged to define the position in relation to eternal problems of life. Hero Dostoevsky is the person who was put into an orbit of eternity though it always represents the epoch. Object of research of ours works also is one of such heroes-ideologists - Ivan Karamazov ("Brothers Karamazovs"). Dostoevsky in the letter of 1879 to publisher N.A.Ljubimovu has named Ivan one of the mainest characters of the philosophical novel (Dostoevsky, 30 (1), 76). Not casually, what exactly Ivan is in the novel the author of a poem "the Great inquisitor", and also other philosophical compositions in which Dostoevsky's religious-philosophical reflections are expressed.