A aids entrou na terceira década e, cada vez mais, encontra-se presente em ambos os gêneros, em todas as faixas etárias, etnias e camadas sociais. O uso das terapias antirretrovirais de alta potência (HAART) permitiu que a aids se tornasse uma doença crônica, aumentando a longevidade e a qualidade de vida das pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids. O novo cenário da doença não foi acompanhado da criação de novas técnicas de atendimento nos serviços especializados de saúde, que favoreçam as estratégias individuais de enfrentamento da doença, bem como, os efeitos colaterais do uso prolongado da HAART, que incluem a síndrome da lipodistrofia (SL), a depressão, a ansiedade e o preconceito. Objetivo: pesquisar pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids, que sofrem os efeitos colaterais do uso da HAART e que buscam o sentido da vida. Propomos, então, desenvolver programa socioeducativo e terapêutico de treinamento físico específico para este grupo de pessoas, investigando a aplicabilidade e benefícios da utilização desta técnica educativa para a promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida. Metodologia: pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, mediatizada pela pesquisa-ação. Trabalhamos com sete pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids, com uso de HAART e com SL, de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 37 e 56 anos, responderam questionários referentes às diferentes variáveis sobre qualidade de vida e foram submetidas a 36 sessões de um programa socioeducativo e terapêutico de treinamento resistido (musculação). Resultados: os participantes deste estudo apresentaram melhoras em vários indicativos de qualidade de vida, quando comparados ao período anterior da descoberta da contaminação pelo HIV, principalmente nos aspectos físicos e psicológicos, destacando o preconceito como principal problema enfrentado por eles. Observamos que o treinamento resistido (musculação) é perfeitamente compatível com as limitações decorrentes da aids e do uso da HAART, como a SL, estimulando a diminuição da gordura corporal, o aumento da massa muscular, a socialização, o combate à depressão e ansiedade. Considerações: os participantes deste estudo valorizam a vida depois da doença, evidenciam a aids e o HIV como sinônimos, doença social injusta e perigosa, discriminatória e que isola. Gostam de lazer e são motivadas pela prática de atividades físicas. No hospital, fruto da pesquisa, desenvolveram o treinamento de musculação, que os ajudou a controlar o estresse, vários indicadores da doença, a educar para a saúde e a ressocialização, melhorando a qualidade de vida. Daí, a sugestão da implantação de programas regulares de atividades físicas para pessoas com HIV/aids, inseridos nos serviços de atendimento especializados, servindo como importante estratégia de enfrentamento da doença e fonte de melhoria das condições físicas e psicossociais de seus praticantes. / AIDS entered the third decade and, increasingly, is present in both sexes in all age groups, ethnicities and social classes. The use of high potency antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has allowed AIDS to become a chronic disease, increasing longevity and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. The new scenario of disease was not accompanied by the creation of new techniques for care in specialized health services, to encourage the individual strategies of coping with the disease, as well as the side effects of prolonged use of HAART, which include lipodystrophy syndrome (SL), depression, anxiety and prejudice. Objective: to search for people living with HIV/AIDS, who suffer the side effects of HAART and who seek the meaning of life. We propose, then, to develop a program of socio-educational and therapeutic physical training for this specific group of people, investigating the applicability and benefits of using this technique for educational health promotion and quality of life. Methodology: qualitative research, mediated by action-research. We worked with seven people living with HIV/AIDS, with HAART and SL, of both genders, aged between 37 and 56 years answered questionnaires regarding different variables on quality of life and underwent 36 sessions of a childcare program and therapeutic resistance training (weight training). Results: the study participants showed improvement in several indicators of quality of life compared to the period before the discovery of HIV infection, especially in physical and psychological aspects, highlighting the prejudice as the main problem faced by them. We found that resistance training is perfectly compatible with the limitations resulting from AIDS and the use of HAART, as the SL, encouraging the reduction of body fat, increase muscle mass, socialization, combating depression and anxiety. Conclusion: the study participants value the lives after illness, AIDS and HIV show interchangeably, unjust and dangerous social disease, discriminatory and isolates. They like entertainment and are motivated by physical activity. At the hospital, the result of research, developed the strength training that helped them manage stress, several indicators of disease, health education and rehabilitation, improving the quality of life. Hence, the suggestion of the implementation of regular physical activity for people with HIV / AIDS, inserted into the specialized care services, serving as an important strategy for fighting the disease and source of improvement of physical and psychosocial practitioners.

Objetivo: O objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar os fatores associados à qualidade da dieta em adultos vivendo com HIV/Aids em terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade (TARV) no município de São Paulo. Secundariamente, objetivou-se verificar a validade e confiabilidade do uso de medidas referidas de peso e estatura nesta população. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 508 pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids (PVHA) de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 a 59 anos e que estivessem em uso de TARV há pelo menos três meses, em acompanhamento na Rede Municipal Especializada em DST/Aids de São Paulo. Foram desenvolvidos dois eixos de investigação: (1) estudo sobre a avaliação da validade e confiabilidade do uso de medidas referidas de peso e estatura entre adultos vivendo com HIV/Aids; (2) estudo sobre a avaliação dos fatores associados à qualidade global da dieta de PVHA. Para o estudo da validade, foram realizados cálculos de sensibilidade e especificidade da classificação do estado nutricional baseada nos valores referidos e aferidos de peso e estatura. Para a identificação de erros e padrões sistemáticos de diferenciação entre essas mesmas medidas utilizou-se a representação gráfica de Bland-Altman e para a verificação da confiabilidade foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Por fim, foram feitas análises de regressão linear com o intuito de gerar equações que predissessem os verdadeiros valores de peso e estatura a partir dos valores referidos. O indicador de qualidade da dieta estudado foi o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD) adaptado para a população estudada. O consumo alimentar foi colhido com o uso do Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas. A fim de serem avaliados os fatores associados à qualidade global da dieta foi utilizada análise de regressão linear múltipla, tendo indicadores sóciodemográficos, clínicos e de estilo de vida como variáveis independentes. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (57,7%), idade média de 41,7 anos (Desvio Padrão DP=7,8) e com escolaridade média de 8,3 anos (DP=3,7). Em relação às medidas antropométricas, as diferenças entre os valores aferidos e referidos de peso foram de -0,96 kg para os homens e de -0,54 kg para as mulheres. As diferenças entre as medidas de estatura ficaram abaixo de 2 cm em ambos os sexos, impactando em uma boa confiabilidade no uso do IMC referido com médias das diferenças de 0,1 kg/m² no sexo masculino e 0,19 kg/m² no sexo feminino. A sensibilidade do diagnóstico de sobrepeso (IMC25 kg/m²) foi de 89,5% entre os homens e de 92,3% entre as mulheres. Já a especificidade foi de 71,4% e 100,0%, respectivamente. No tocante à qualidade global da dieta, O IQD médio foi de 61,9 pontos. Os escores foram baixos (< 5 pontos) para frutas, leite e derivados e sódio. A maioria da amostra (72,1%) apresentou uma dieta com necessidade de melhora. Indivíduos com sobrepeso apresentaram menores escores para cereais e leguminosas, além do IQD total. A análise múltipla mostrou associação independente positiva e ajustada pela energia entre a qualidade da dieta e o tempo de TARV entre as mulheres. Já os homens mais velhos com carga viral indetectável apresentaram maiores pontuações para o IQD. Conclusão: As informações referidas de peso e estatura apresentaram boa confiabilidade e validade quando comparadas às suas respectivas medidas. Em relação à qualidade da dieta, esta foi associada à carga viral indetectável e ao tempo de TARV. Os baixos valores de consumo de frutas e leite e derivados e alto de sódio mostram a importância de intervenções que promovam a adoção de uma alimentação saudável nesta população. / Aims: The main aim was to assess the associated factors to diet quality among adults living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in São Paulo, Brazil. Secondary aim was the assessment of the reliability and validity of self-reported weight and height in adults living with HIV/Aids. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 508 men and women, between 20 and 59 years old, who were on HAART for at least three months. There were two research streams: 1) assessment of reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight of adults living with HIV/ AIDS; 2) assessment of the associated factors to diet quality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In order to assess validity of self-reported height and weight sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed. Reliability was evaluated by means of intra-class coefficients. Height and weight were direct measured in a sub-sample. Diet quality was assessed with the use of an adapted Healthy Eating Index (HEI-A) for the studied population. Food intake was collected with a 24-hour Food Recall. Associated factors to diet quality were determined by multivariate linear regression. HEI-A was the dependent variable and demographic, lifestyle, laboratorial, and clinical variables were the independent variables. Analyses were gender-specific. Results: Most of the sample were men (57.7%), mean age of 41.7 years (Standard Deviation - SD = 7.9), and average schooling of 8.3 years (SD=3.7). Mean differences of weight were -0.96 kg for men and -0.54 kg for women. For height, differences were below 2 cm for men and women, leading to a good reliability for the self-reported Body Mass Index (BMI). Overweight (BMI25 kg/m²) diagnosis sensitivity was 89.5% for men and 92.3% for women. Specificity was 71.4% and 100.0%, respectively. HEI-A mean was 61.9. Scores were low (< 5) for fruits, dairy products, and sodium. Among the sample, 5.3% had an adequate diet and 72.1% a diet that needed improvement. Overweight individuals scored lower for grains and beans, as well as for the total HEI-A. Time since HAART start was associated to diet quality among women. Older men who had an undetectable viral load had higher scores of HEI-A. Both models were adjusted by energy. Conclusion: Self-reported weight and height showed good reliability and validity when compared to direct measured weight and height. Regarding diet quality of PLWHA, it was associated with time since HAART start and an undetectable viral load. Low scores for fruits, dairy products, and sodium, as well as an association between nutritional status and diet quality, point out the need for interventions to promote healthy eating among people living with HIV/Aids, taking into consideration differences between women and men.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2016-08-11T15:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Luna Araujo Teotonio.pdf: 1901452 bytes, checksum: a6084bb09e1976d5f834c827781a1d4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T15:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Luna Araujo Teotonio.pdf: 1901452 bytes, checksum: a6084bb09e1976d5f834c827781a1d4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / New HIV-positive cases enhanced 11% from 2005 to 2013 in Brazil. However, there was difference in distribution and evolution between Brazilian regions from 2003 to 2014, increasing 79.7% in Northern region, 30% in Northeastern region, 6.4% in Southern region and 6% in the Midwestern- region; decreasing 26.5% in Southeastern region. According to DATASUS 2014 database, is was also observed an increase in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) associated with HIV in Brazil. There were 4,905 new registered coinfected cases in 2000, and 6,821 new cases in 2012. HIV infection is one of the main risk factors of TB latent reactivation, due lacking immune response. TB/HIV coinfection induces higher mortality than isolated HIV infection. Given the importance of TB/HIV co-infection, we aimed to analyze space-temporal distribution of TB/HIV coinfection in Brazilian regions from 2003 to 2013. The methods used the ecological study from SINAN secondary data of patients reported with TB/HIV in Brazil in the 2003-2013 periods. The dependent variables were incidence and prevalence rates; proportions of deaths caused by the TB, of tuberculosis cure and of TB treatment dropout among coinfected TB/HIV; and as independent variables, were used socio-demographic characteristics such as gender and age group. The analysis was performed with the estimate of the relative risk for Poisson multilevel analysis, with significance level of 5%. The identification of spatial and space-temporal clusters were conducted through ArcGis 10.1. developed by Esri. The results detected 8% TB/HIV coinfection in Brazil. The highest averages of the incidence and prevalence rates were, respectively, in Southern region (5.92; 8.86 cases/100.000habitants) and Southeastern region (4.38;5.95cases/100.000 habitants). The incidence and prevalence were positively associated to male sex (RR = 3.06) and age 20-59 years old (RR = 11.4), p< 0,001. The highest proportion of death caused by TB in coinfected occurred in Northern region (6.23%), and the lowest in Southern region (2.37%). The TB cure proportion average in TB/HIV coinfection was 46% in Brazil. The highest average of TB cure proportion occurred in Northern region (50%) and the lowest in Northeastern region (41%). The average of TB treatment dropout proportion was 16.5%. The highest average of TB treatment dropout proportion occurred in Northeastern region (18%) and Midwest region had the lowest 13%. The TB cure and TB treatment abandon proportions were negatively associated to the age 20-39 years old (RR = 0.66) and 40-59 years old (RR = 0.71) in relation to younger people. The other group of old people didn¿t present significant statistical association. We conclude that the highest detection rates from TB/HIV coinfection and the worst outcome treatment proportions from TB/HIV coinfection occurred in regions with the worst social and economic levels. After these unfavorable results with regional differences, this study will be useful for planning public health policy in all Brazilian regions. / No Brasil, houve um aumento de 11% dos casos novos de HIV de 2005 a 2013. No entanto, observa-se diferença na distribuição e evolução entre as regiões brasileiras, entre 2003 e 2014, com aumento de 79,7% na região Norte, 30% no Nordeste e 6,4% no Sul e 6% no Centro-Oeste; e redução de 26,5% na região Sudeste. De acordo com dados do DATASUS 2014, observa-se também um aumento na incidência de tuberculose (TB) associada ao HIV no Brasil, com 4.905 casos novos notificados em 2000 e 6.821 em 2012. A infecção por HIV é um dos mais importantes fatores de risco na reativação da primoinfecção por TB, em razão da supressão imunológica. A coinfecção TB/HIV resulta em taxas de mortalidade mais altas do que a infecção isolada do HIV. Diante da relevância da coinfecção TB/HIV, objetivamos analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da coinfecção TB-HIV nas macrorregiões brasileiras no período de 2003 a 2013. Os métodos utilizados foram por meio de estudo ecológico, a partir dos dados secundários do SINAN, dos pacientes notificados com a coinfecção tuberculose-AIDS no Brasil, no período de 2003-2013. As variáveis de desfecho foram as taxas de incidência, de prevalência, as proporções de óbitos por TB, cura da TB e abandono do tratamento de TB entre os coinfectados TB/HIV; e como variáveis independentes, as características sócio-demográficas como sexo, faixa etária. A estimativa do Risco Relativo foi analisada com modelo multinível de Poisson, com nível de significância adotado de 5%. A identificação dos aglomerados espaciais e espaçotemporais foi feita por meio da ArcGis 10.1 desenvolvido pela Esri. Os resultados encontrados detectaram 8% de coinfecção TB/HIV no Brasil. As maiores médias das taxas de incidência e prevalência, respectivamente, da coinfecção TB/HIV ocorreram nas regiões Sul (5,92; 8,86 casos/100.000hab.) e Sudeste (4,38; 5,95casos/100.000hab.). A incidência e prevalência se associaram positivamente ao sexo masculino (RR = 3,06) e faixa etária 20-59 anos (RR = 11,4), com p < 0,001. A maior proporção de óbito por TB na coinfecção TB/HIV ocorreu na região Norte (6,23%) e a menor na região Sul (2,37%). A média da proporção de cura da tuberculose nos coinfectados no Brasil foi 46%. A maior média da proporção de cura ocorreu na região Norte (50%) e a menor no Nordeste (41%). A média da proporção de abandono do tratamento da tuberculose nos coinfectados do Brasil foi 16,5%, a região com maior proporção de abandono foi a Nordeste (18%) e a menor no Centro-Oeste (13%). As proporções de cura a abandono foram associadas negativamente com idade de 20 a 39 anos (RR = 0,66) e 40 a 59 anos (RR = 0,71) em relação aos mais jovens. As duas categorias de pessoas mais idosas não tiveram associação estatisticamente significativa. Conclui-se que taxas mais altas de detecção da coinfecção são encontradas em regiões com maior nível socioeconômico, piores taxas no desfecho do tratamento da TB na coinfecção ocorreram também em regiões com pior nível socioeconômico. Diante das elevadas taxas de coinfecção por HIV e TB, com desfechos desfavoráveis no tratamento, e das diferenças regionais, a pesquisa servirá de subsídio para o planejamento das políticas públicas nas diversas regiões do Brasil.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-01-15T18:57:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Borges Gouveia.pdf: 483640 bytes, checksum: f19f274ee2f989e62708d6d72f2f6362 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-15T18:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Borges Gouveia.pdf: 483640 bytes, checksum: f19f274ee2f989e62708d6d72f2f6362 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / In the last 12 years there has been a considerable increase in notifications of AIDS cases in the category of men who have sex with men, especially among those who are in the age group 15 to 24 years, according to data from the Ministry of Health. This study seeks to evaluate the cultural, psychological and social factors that affect the risk behavior among young gay people between 18 and 24 years old. The theoretical and methodological proposal chosen for the study was a qualitative approach, justified by the complexity of the object and its peculiarities intertwined, such as the relationship between the individual and society, the structure of the subject with beliefs, values, meanings, and how they relate with the social history process. We interviewed 10 youngsters and by triangulating the theoretical framework that emerged with the axes of the material collected, we understand the social representations of young people in relation to HIV and sexuality, to list situations, practices and behaviors they consider safe for their sexuality and find what the impact of policies to prevent these young people is. The results show that all individuals feel vulnerable to HIV and point out that the way of life and subjectivity of gays in this age group would be one of the factors that affects the risk behavior. About the prevention campaigns, it has been reported that they may have a role in warning, but not decisively, since awareness actually only occurs when there is contact with the disease in a concrete way, either after a risky behavior or through close people who have been contaminated. / Nos últimos 12 anos houve um aumento considerável de notificações de casos de AIDS na categoria de homens que fazem sexo com homens, especialmente entre os que se encontram na faixa etária dos 15 aos 24 anos, segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde. O presente estudo procura avaliar os aspectos culturais, psicológicos e sociais que interferem no comportamento de risco entre jovens homossexuais de 18 a 24 anos. A proposta teórico-metodológica escolhida para o estudo foi a abordagem qualitativa, justificada pela complexidade do objeto e suas peculiaridades imbricadas, tais como as relações do indivíduo e a sociedade, sua estrutura de sujeito com crenças, valores, significados, e suas relações com o processo histórico social. Foram entrevistados 10 jovens e através da triangulação do referencial teórico com os eixos que emergiram do material coletado, procuramos conhecer as representações sociais dos jovens em relação ao HIV e à sexualidade, elencar situações, práticas e condutas que consideram seguras para sua sexualidade e verificar qual o impacto das políticas de prevenção nesses jovens. Os resultados mostram que todos os sujeitos se sentem vulneráveis ao HIV e apontam que o modo de vida e a subjetividade do homossexual nesta faixa etária seria um dos fatores que interfere no comportamento de risco. Sobre as campanhas de prevenção relatam que podem ter um papel de alerta, mas não decisivo, uma vez que a conscientização de fato só ocorre quando há contato com a doença de forma concreta, seja após um comportamento de risco ou através de pessoas próximas que se contaminaram.

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / The aim of the study was to explore the impact of HIV/AIDS on service delivery in Polokwane Municipality as an organisation and the mechanisms used to implement the HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. The researcher conducted the study in the city of Polokwane under the Capricorn District Municipality in the Limpopo Province. For this study, information was gathered from both municipal employees and managers in Polokwane municipality. The respondents confirmed that the organisation has on HIV/AIDS policy in place and its key provision serves to create a non-discriminatory working environment. They further acknowledged the fact that HIV/AIDS is a concern to the Polokwane municipal workforce and impacts negatively on service delivery that is the reason that led to the establishment of the EAP office. HIV/AIDS is still perceived as a very sensitive issue and employees are not willing to communicate about their status due to fear of being stigmatised. The Municipality should continue facilitation of educational awareness on employee’s health and wellness, and encourage their employees to utilise the office of the employee assistance programmes

Thesis (M.Cur.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The purpose of the study was to develop protocol for professional nurses regarding NIMART management that is based on data and specific challenges that are faced in the Ehlanzeni district by professional nurses. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research design was used for this study. The population consisted of all professional nurses who are NIMART trained, managing and initiating patients on ARV’s at primary health care clinics. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 135 respondents. Data was collected through the self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre tested. Reliability was ensured through self-administered questionnaire and with the guide of literature review. The questionnaire was also pre tested by conducting a pilot study. Validity was ensured through undertaking extensive literature review, giving operational definitions of concepts, questionnaires were given to supervisors, questions constructed according to the objectives of the study and congruence was ensured between research questions, objectives, findings and recommendations. Data analysis was done through descriptive studies, using SPSS statistics 21.0 programme of data analysis with the assistance of the statistician. The findings indicate that challenges faced by professional nurses regarding nurse initiated and management of antiretroviral therapy are be lack of professional nurses, fear of infecting themselves while treating HIV positive patients, patients do not come on their return dates, encountering problems when they trace defaulters and shortage of retroviral drugs. The study recommends that staff shortage should be addressed, medicine supply should be monitored, a competent HIV trained doctor should be appointed and dedicated outreach team should be appointed. Keywords: NIM-ART, HIV/AIDS, Professional nurse

Thesis (M.CUR.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The purpose of the study was to develop protocol for professional nurses regarding NIMART management that is based on data and specific challenges that are faced in the Ehlanzeni district by professional nurses. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research design was used for this study. The population consisted of all professional nurses who are NIMART trained, managing and initiating patients on ARV’s at primary health care clinics. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 135 respondents. Data was collected through the self-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre tested. Reliability was ensured through self-administered questionnaire and with the guide of literature review. The questionnaire was also pre tested by conducting a pilot study. Validity was ensured through undertaking extensive literature review, giving operational definitions of concepts, questionnaires were given to supervisors, questions constructed according to the objectives of the study and congruence was ensured between research questions, objectives, findings and recommendations. Data analysis was done through descriptive studies, using SPSS statistics 21.0 programme of data analysis with the assistance of the statistician. The findings indicate that challenges faced by professional nurses regarding nurse initiated and management of antiretroviral therapy are be lack of professional nurses, fear of infecting themselves while treating HIV positive patients, patients do not come on their return dates, encountering problems when they trace defaulters and shortage of retroviral drugs. The study recommends that staff shortage should be addressed, medicine supply should be monitored, a competent HIV trained doctor should be appointed and dedicated outreach team should be appointed. Keywords: NIM-ART, HIV/AIDS, Professional nurse

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how women in Cape Town reflect over and deal with HIV/AIDS in their everyday lives and also how they explain the cause and spread of the virus. The thesis is based on two months of fieldwork in Cape Town, South Africa, where I got the opportunity to interview three women about HIV/AIDS and how they related to the disease as well as how people in general relate to it. The women I interviewed were all working with HIV/AIDS as counsellors and educational staff. The women work in Nyanga, Observatory and Wynberg, three very different areas in Cape Town.</p> / <p>Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur kvinnor i Kapstaden reflekterar över och handskas med HIV/AIDS i deras vardagsliv. Jag vill också ta reda på hur de förklarar orsaken till och spridningen av viruset. Uppsatsen är baserad på två månaders fältarbete i Kapstaden, Sydafrika, där jag fick möjligheten att intervjua tre kvinnor om hur de relaterar till sjukdomen och hur människor i stort relaterar till den. Kvinnorna jag intervjuade arbetade som rådgivare och utbildare inom HIV/AIDS. Kvinnorna arbetade i Nyanga, Observatory och Wynberg, tre väldigt olika områden i Kapstaden.</p>

<p>HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease that has increased and will continue to increase. Most health care workers will one way or another come into contact with it. The purpose of this literature review was to describe factors contributing to nurses' attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS. Sixteen articles were analyzed and quality assessed. The results revealed gaps in knowledge among nurses. A high level of knowledge and care experience of patients with HIV/AIDS had a positive impact on the approach and a reduced fear of infection. Nurses with relatives/friends who were worried about infection were less likely to care for HIV/AIDS patients. Material Shortage had a negative impact on nurses and it could lead to patients not receiving the care they needed, in part due to the nurses fear of contamination. Nursing approach and willingness to care was also dependent on how patients were infected. A strong desire to get more education, support and training was with the nurses to increase the security and willingness to care.</p> / <p>HIV/AIDS är en kronisk sjukdom som har ökat och kommer fortsätta öka. Med anledning av det kommer de flesta inom sjukvården på ett eller annat sätt att komma i kontakt med den. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva faktorer som bidrar till sjuksköterskors förhållningssätt gentemot patienter med HIV/AIDS. Sexton artiklar har analyserats och kvalitetsgranskats. Resultatet visade på kunskapsluckor hos sjuksköterskorna. En hög kunskapsnivå och vårderfarenhet av patienter med HIV/AIDS hade positiv inverkan på förhållningssättet och en minskad rädsla för smitta. Sjuksköterskor med anhöriga/vänner som var oroliga för smitta var mindre benägna att vårda HIV/AIDS-patienter. Materialbrist hade en negativ inverkan på sjuksköterskorna och det kunde leda till patienter inte fick den vård de behövde, bland annat beroende på sjuksköterskornas rädsla för smitta. Sjuksköterskornas förhållningssätt och villighet att vårda var också beroende av hur patienterna smittats. En stark önskan att få mer utbildning, stöd och träning fanns hos sjuksköterskorna för att öka tryggheten och villigheten att vårda.</p>

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