Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994. / Includes tables and appendices. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Frank L. Smith. Dissertation Committee: Jeannette E. Fleischner. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-181).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 2008. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 245-251).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

It is growing the support to the theory that considers the necessary connection among Right and Moral, particularly when we spoke about the Fundamental Human Rights - while an ideal to be reached by all the people and for all the nations. The existence of other values is discussed for the validity of the juridical system, referring to the doubts up to where it can the moral precepts to influence of the juridical system. The present work search to study the existent dialogue between the moral norms and the juridical norms, besides the use of the moral precepts as instrument for limitation of the fundamental right to the freedom of expression, with relationship to the popularization of the speech of the hate. The systems juridical North American and German present very different solutions for cases in what the ideas racists' manifestation, prejudices and hostile to certain groups, due to race, color, religion, sex, etc. Though, as the Brazilian treatment is revealed for such a such delicate subject in a concrete way? In fact, it is making the analysis of the judgment of HC nº 82.424- 2/RS in the Supreme Federal Tribunal that she intend to verify the ministers they are used of moral arguments to limit the right to the freedom of expression and if such restrictions are legitimate, after all, if on a side we have the protection to the human dignity, not being " morally acceptable " the hostile speech and prejudice against groups of minorities, as it happened with the Jewish community, on another side, we would also have the freedom of manifesting opinions and of possessing certain ideology. In that sense, is a conciliation possible? It is in the investigation of the philosophical currents, doctrines, in the compared right and in the votes of the ministers of the Supreme Federal Tribunal that it'll look for to clear the treatment of the referred constitutional rights. / É crescente o apoio à teoria que considera a ligação necessária entre Direito e Moral, particularmente quando falamos dos Direitos Humanos Fundamentais – enquanto um ideal a ser atingido por todos os povos e por todas as nações. Discute-se a existência de valores suprapositivos necessários para a validade do ordenamento jurídico, rementendo aos questionamentos até onde pode os preceitos morais influir do ordenamento jurídico. O presente trabalho busca estudar o diálogo existente entre as normas morais e as normas jurídicas, além da utilização dos ditames morais como instrumento para limitação do direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão, quanto à divulgação do discurso do ódio. Os sistemas jurídicos norte-americano e alemão apresentam soluções muito diferentes para casos em que se discute a manifestação de ideias racistas, discriminatórias e hostis a determinados grupos, por conta de raça, cor, religião, sexo, etc. Todavia, como se revela o tratamento brasileiro para tal assunto tão delicado de modo concreto? De fato, é fazendo a análise do julgamento do HC nº 82.424-2/RS no Supremo Tribunal Federal que se pretende verificar se os ministros se utilizam de argumentos morais para limitar o direito à liberdade de expressão e se tais restrições são legítimas, afinal, se de um lado temos a proteção à dignidade humana, não sendo “moralmente aceitável” o discurso hostil e preconceituoso contra grupos de minorias, como ocorreu com a comunidade judaica, de outro lado, também teríamos a liberdade de manifestar opiniões e de possuir certa ideologia. Nesse sentido, é possível uma conciliação? É na investigação das correntes filosóficas, doutrinárias, no direito comparado e nos votos dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal que se buscará esclarecer o tratamento dos referidos direitos constitucionais. .

abstract: LGBTQI people are often victimized by law enforcement and these victimizations often are related to victimizations of domestic violence and hate violence. Because reporting a victimization to the police leads to contact with police, a part of the research question involved herein looked at whether or not reporting a victimization to the police also increases the rate of police violence. Through secondary data analysis, this study investigated the correlation between reporting domestic violence and hate violence to the police, and subsequent victimizations by the police in the form of police violence. Additionally through secondary data analysis, this study investigated whether or not this correlation is stronger with transgender women and people of color. All data analyzed in this study was collected in Tucson, Arizona through the Wingspan Anti-Violence Project (WAVP). All data was analyzed with the permission of the data owner, the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP) (see Appendix IV), and with IRB approval from the Arizona State University Office of Research Integrity and Assurance (see Appendix III). The findings demonstrated a positive correlation between the rate of LGBTQI people reporting violent crimes to the police and the rate of police violence against LGBTQI survivors of domestic violence and hate violence. The results further demonstrated the rate of police violence associated with reporting domestic violence or hate violence is greatest for transgender women and people of color. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Social Work 2016

With the increase and popularity of the use of internet, hate speech has reached wider dimensions in societies. This thesis will provide empirical examples to show the relation between speech and actions. This paper will use speech-act theory and social movement theory to portray the relation between hate speech on social media and domestic terrorism inspired by far right extremist. Even though, there has been a lot of work for counter terrorism, domestic terrorism is still overlooked. Empirical sources say that domestic terrorism poses a threat as much as international terrorism. This thesis will bring light over the connections of hate speech and domestic terrorism inspired by far right extremists. It will conclude that there is an evident relation that hate speech on social media is contributing to domestic terrorism actions encouraged by far right extremism.

Näthat är idag en förväntad nackdel av att använda internet och sociala medier. Även när hatet är riktat mot en individ blir det oftast en attack mot en kollektiv identitet. Syftet med studien var att analysera vilka normer och ideologier som främjas i hatkommentarer och hur de samspelar med varandra baserat på mottagarens kön, ålder, hudfärg och sexualitet. Totalt analyserades kommentarer från åtta videoklipp publicerade på Youtube, fyra vardera spel- respektive sminkbranschen. Genom att använda ett Python script och Googles’ Perspective API, kunde kommentarer med en viss nivå av toxicitet väljas från videoklippens kommentarsfält. Sedan analyserades kommentarerna av författarna utifrån olika diskurskritiska kriterier utifrån metoden kritisk diskursanalys. Analysen visade att nationalism och misogyni var de största ideologierna bakom hatkommentarerna och många avsändare hade tydligt använt olika härskartekniker. Förutom de nämnda ideologierna, hittades även patriarkat och skönhetsideologin. Resultaten visade att även fast det är samma ideologi bakom flera hatkommentarer, vad som specifikt attackeras och kritiseras varierar beroende på mottagarens kön, ålder, hudfärg och sexualitet. För framtida studier skulle en liknande analys kunna göras fast med fokus på hur mycket och vilken sorts näthat personer med färre följare och engagemang får. / Online hate is an expected downside of using the internet and even when hate is solely targeted towards an individual, it becomes an attack on a collective identity. The purpose of this study was to examine which norms and ideologies could be found in hate comments and how they interact with each other – based on gender, age, skin colour, and the sexuality of the receivers. In total, the comments of eight YouTube videos were examined. Four in the gaming genre and four in the beauty genre. Using a Python script and Google’s Perspective API, comments above a certain toxic threshold were taken from the videos which were then analysed by the authors based on different criteria. The analysations were done using critical discourse analysis. The analysis showed that nationalism and misogyny were the main ideologies behind the hate comments and multiple comments used master suppression techniques. In addition to the mentioned ideologies, patriarch and the ideology of beauty were also found. The results show that even if the same ideology is behind multiple hate comments, what is being attacked or criticised varied depending on the receiver’s gender, age, skin colour, and sexuality. Due to many of the youtubers having a big following and engagement, many of their followers defended them against online hate. For future studies, a similar analysis could be done but with a focus on people with less followers and engagements.

Verbal hate speech and the legitimacy of its criminal punishment Hate speech has been enjoying an elevated level of media attention in the last few years. These biased expressions of hate - most often verbal - targeted against specific groups of people are a manifestation of social antagonisms and as such, disturb public order and coexistence of people; furthermore, they are often associated with issues of prejudice, bias-motivated violence, xenophobia, discrimination, and extremism. Criminal punishment of this type of expression is already possible today and it can be reasonably expected to become increasingly important. The purpose of this thesis is a critical review concerning the legitimacy of criminal punishment of verbal hate speech in the Czech Republic, including identification of troublesome elements of the current legislation. Conclusions of this review shall stem primarily from the legal analysis of constituent elements of relevant crimes, commentary literature, jurisprudence and legal literature related to the topic. The first chapter aims to explain the central concepts - hate speech, verbal hate speech and the relationship between them. A closer look is given to the phenomenon which links these concepts together and, at the same time, constitutes an inherent part of them both: biased...

Brand loyalty has been studied extensively in consumer-brand relationship literature. However, the negative side of these relationships has not been studied to the same degree. This paper starts with Court et al.’s (2009) loyalty loop as part of the consumer decision journey and proposes that consumers may stop being loyal to a brand due to various circumstances.The authors propose a negative view of the loyalty loop, the disloyalty loop, exist, in which consumers become disloyal. Furthermore, the authors conducted this study in order to find out if this relationship exists, the disloyalty loop, within the framework of social media platforms, i.e. applications who allow communication among users over the Internet. These platforms should not solely be seen as online communication tools, but as brands themselves.Semi-structured interviews with social media users were conducted showing that consumers can navigate between the loyalty and disloyalty loops, and even exit the brand relationship completely. These findings indicate that consumers’ brand loyalty should not be taken for granted, and service failures may cause them to reduce their patronage, abandon the brand, and even influence other consumers negatively through word-of-mouth.

Fear of Crime remains a relevant theme in criminological research. Its associations include damage to psychological well-being, decreases in collective cohesion and trust, and populism. Located in the field of victimology, previous research found that significant predictors for Fear of Crime are: Previous Victimization, Previous Victimization with a Hate-Motive, Severity of Previous Victimization, Perceived Risk and Risk Control. This study will aim to investigate if the dynamics of Fear of Crime established by previous research are applicable in a LGBT population. Subsequently the sub-groups sexual minorities, bisexuals, and trans-people are compared, filling a literature gap. The sample consists of 353 self-identified LGBT people at Malmö University who filled out a self-report survey inquiring about previous victimization, fear of crime, perceived motives of previous victimization, perceived risk of victimization, and tactics to reduce risk of victimization. The predictors were entered into a block-wise multiple regression model as well as a path-analysis. Both Perceived Risk and Risk Control were entered after the other predictors. The results showed that Severity of Previous Victimization was significantly (p < .001) and positively (β = .267) predicting Fear of Crime. Additionally, Severity of Previous Victimization significantly (p < .01) and positively (β = .206) predicted Perceived Risk which in turn predicted (p < .001, β = .208) Fear of Crime. Risk Control did not have a statistically significant effect size (p > .05). In the sub-group comparison, Perceived Risk did not have a significant effect size (p > .05) among the trans-people. The study concludes that Severity of Previous Victimization both has a direct and indirect effect on Fear of Crime, in the LGBT population, but not among the trans-people sub-group, suggesting that future research as well as policy makers need to take such differences into account. Similar conclusions are drawn regarding Risk Control.