Syfte med denna studie var att undersöka om en hälsosatsning i form av hälsosamtal, konditionstest samt friskvårdstimme har skapat något lärande bland deltagarna och om så var fallet vilken lärdom. Ett samarbete skapades tillsammans med en stadsdel i Göteborgs stad, där hälsosatsningen implementerades på arbetsplatser inom måltidservice. Detta arbete är gjort som en uppföljning av den redan implementerade hälsosatsningen. Studien för detta arbete har präglats av en kvalitativ inriktning och 16 intervjuer har utgjort en grund för studiens resultat. En inspiration av fenomenologisk ansats har format studiens inriktning som var att fånga deltagarnas upplevelser. Vid sammanställning av materialet samt analysarbetet användes Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). En del av resultatet som framkom var att deltagarna överlag ansåg att hälsosatsningen varit bra då den anpassats utifrån alla individers förmåga och alla kunde därför dra en lärdom på ett eller annat vis. Individerna har fått en ökad kunskap kring betydelsen av den lilla träningen och att alla har något att vinna oavsett tidigare fysisk status. En förändring och upplevelse som hälsosatsningen resulterat i var en förstärkt gruppsammanhållning samt ett bättre arbetsklimat. / The purpose of this study was to investigate if a healthcare intervention in form of health dialogue, fitness test and training on working hours created any new knowledge among the participants and if so, what wisdom did it create. This was a collaboration together with Gothenburg city, where the healthcare intervention was implemented on workplaces within meal service. This thesis was done to do a follow-up of the already implemented healthcare intervention. The study for this paper was formed by a qualitative objective and 16 interviews provided a foundation for the study’s result. An inspiration of phenomenography approach formed the study’s objective that was to catch the participant’s experience. At the compilation of the material and the analysis was the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) used. A part of the result that appeared was that the participants overall thought that the healthcare intervention was good because it was adaptable from all of the participant’s capabilities and therefore everyone could learn something from this, in one way or another. The individuals have gotten an increased knowledge of the impact of small workouts and that everyone has something to gain regardless of previous physical status. A change and experience of the healthcare intervention have resulted in a tighter group cohesion and a better working climate.

Morbidity due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has become a worldwide epidemic. As a result, the United Nations (2015) Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) included goal (3.4) that aims to reduce the premature mortality from NCDs by one third. All countries, regardless of income, are required to develop strategies and achieve a reduction in the burden of NCDs. This study, conducted in the Sultanate of Oman, aimed to explore individuals' knowledge, perceptions, actions and intentions to modify their lifestyle to reduce their risk of stroke. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as the underpinning theoretical framework to provide a broader conceptual understanding of the Omani sociocultural and structural influences on individuals' lifestyles. A convergent mixed methods design within a realist social constructionism methodology was used. Both quantitative (344 questionnaires) and qualitative (10 interviews) data were integrated using a narrative weaving approach. The study results confirm that both agency and structure influenced the adoption of healthy behaviours in Oman. The study indicates that the study participants are likely to engage in health-related behaviours when they perceived the benefit of such a course of actions in term of it reducing their risk of stroke. The study found that in the Omani setting, individual factors such as fear, family experience and physical sickness, the psychological status of chronic conditions and a cost-benefit analysis of the behaviour influence the individuals' decisions to practise a healthy lifestyle. The major finding in the study showed that perceptions of risk vary among individuals who share the same culture and religion, particularly individual perception of religious belief was found to influence their susceptibility to stroke risk. In addition, the study identified some sociocultural and structural factors that influenced the individuals' decisions to engage in a healthy lifestyle. This study presents an extended HBM to incorporate the role of individual religious beliefs as an individual factor. The study suggests that health improvement plans are needed in Oman to develop both individual- and community- level interventions to achieve the target of SDGs for NCDs.

Organisationen har en betydande roll i medarbetarens livspussel. Det finns mycket att vinna för arbetsgivaren genom att hantera problem och finna lösningar som passar den anställde. Studier av hälsofrämjande interventioner på arbetsplatsen visar att bäst resultat uppnås om interventionen riktar sig samtidigt till både individen och organisationen. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kommunanställda chefers uppfattningar av hur en interventionsstudie, som chefernas medarbetare deltagit i, påverkat arbetsplatsen. Studien syftade även till att söka förståelse för chefernas vidare tankar kring hälsofrämjande arbete på organisationsnivå utifrån ett perspektiv där hela vardagen inkluderas. Metoden som användes vid datainsamlingen var individuella intervjuer. Det genomfördes sex intervjuer med chefer inom socialförvaltningen i en kommun. Resultatet av studien visade att cheferna var positivt inställda till interventionsstudien, men cheferna märkte inte någon förändring på arbetsplatsen eller på deltagande medarbetare. De ansåg att chefen var ytterst ansvarig för hälsa på arbetsplatsen och individen ytterst ansvarig för sin personliga hälsa. Slutsatsen från studien visade att chefens hälsosyn påverkade i vilken utsträckning organisationen kunde tillgodogöra sig kunskap från hälsointerventionen. Chefens syn på vilka faktorer som innefattas i arbetshälsa kan genom kompetensutveckling breddas och därmed skapa bättre förutsättningar för en mer hälsosam arbetsmiljö. Litteraturgenomgången pekar på att en gemensam grundsyn i organisationen och strävan mot en balans i vardagen för medarbetaren är viktigt i det hälsofrämjande arbetet på arbetsplatsen. En positiv effekt av en intervention som fokuserar på livspusslet är att det kan leda till mer hållbar personal som stannar längre, vilket kan bidra till att organisationen blir mer konkurrenskraftig och attraherar ny personal. / The organization has a significant role in an employee’s work-life balance. There is much to gain for the employer by addressing problems and finding solutions that fit the employee. Studies of health promotion interventions at the workplace show that the best results are achieved if the intervention focuses simultaneously on both the individual and the organization. The aim of the study was to describe municipal employed managerial perceptions of an intervention study, that managers employees participated in, affected the workplace. The study also aimed to seek understanding of managers further thoughts on health promotion at an organizational level from a perspective where everyday life was included. The method used for data gathering was six individual interviews with managers in the social department in a municipality. The results of the study showed that managers were in favor of the intervention study, but the managers did not notice any change at the workplace or on participating employees. They thought that the manager was responsible for health at the workplace and that individuals were responsible for their own health. The conclusion from our study showed that managers attitude towards work-related health affects to which extent the organization can assimilate knowledge from a health intervention. The managers opinion of which factors are included in work-related health can be broadened through education and create better conditions for a healthier work environment. The literature review suggests that a shared ethos of the organization and the pursuit of work-life balance for employees is an important step in health promotion at the workplace. A positive effect of work-life balance interventions are more sustainable staff who stay longer, which makes the organization become more competitive and attractive to new staff.

This study forms part of three broader projects1 where school-based vegetable gardens have been implemented in nine primary schools in resourced-constrained communities in the Nelson Mandela Metropole, South Africa. The purpose of the current study was to explore teacher perceptions of the role of school principals in the success and sustainability of these school-based vegetable gardens. For the purpose of my research, I followed a qualitative methodological approach, and relied on interpretivism as epistemological paradigm. I utilised a multiple case study research design, applying Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) principles. I purposefully selected 36 teachers from the nine schools involved in the broader project to participate in this study. For data generation and documentation, I relied on a PRA-based workshop, semi-structured individual interviews, observation, field notes, a research journal and audio-visual techniques. I completed inductive thematic analysis. Three main themes and related sub-themes emerged. The first theme highlights the value that teacher participants attach to school principals being informed and involved in vegetable gardens, by sharing the dream and being passionate, being informed of the garden team’s needs and challenges, and being actively involved. The second theme emphasises the importance of a principal providing support by motivating and encouraging teachers and learners to be involved, providing resources and fundraising opportunities, and networking with stakeholders. Finally, the last theme entails factors that may have a negative impact on the success of school-based vegetable gardens in terms of limited interest and involvement by the principal, and not recognising the value of the teachers or the school garden. The findings of the current study indicate that the majority of the teacher participants acknowledged the positive roles that their principals fulfilled, which they then linked to the success and sustainability of their school-based vegetable gardens. Teacher participants indicated that effective leadership can be demonstrated when school principals lead by example, provide the necessary resources, are well informed and knowledgeable about school gardens, and show support to those involved. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

Syftet med studien var att undersöka individers upplevelser av välmående och rutiner i vardagslivet efter att ha deltagit i en hälsofrämjande intervention som ett hjälpmedel för att komma ut i arbetslivet eller börja studera. En kvalitativ metod användes i denna empiriska studie. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer användes för att samla in data. Urvalet i studien var fyra män och två kvinnor i åldern 18–54 år. Intervjuerna spelades in med ljudupptagning och all data transkriberades ordagrant och analyserades med en tematisk analys. Resultatet handlade om vilka erfarenheter informanterna fick av att ha deltagit i en hälsofrämjande intervention som ett hjälpmedel för återgång till arbete, praktik eller studier. Samtliga informanter upplevde ett ökat välmående efter att ha deltagit i den hälsofrämjande interventionen. Flera av dem har fått förbättrade hälsobeteenden och olika verktyg för rutiner, problemhantering samt förbättrade vanor i det vardagliga livet. Informanterna har fått en förändrad syn på framtiden, en känsla av ökade framtidsmöjligheter och mer delaktighet i sin livssituation. Resultatet visade samtidigt att det fanns brister i den hälsofrämjande interventionen utifrån informanternas perspektiv. Slutsatsen för studien var att informanternas upplevelser av den hälsofrämjande interventionen var positiv när det gäller ett förbättrat välmående och skapande av nya goda rutiner samt ny kunskapsinhämtning. Det fanns erfarenheter av brister kring interventionen och det framtida livet när interventionen var avslutad och deltagarna skulle försöka upprätthålla de nya vanorna och rutiner de skapat. Trots det så har intervention minskat informanternas ohälsa vilket är betydande för både samhället och folkhälsan. Det gör att den hälsofrämjande interventionen och liknande interventioner är värd att satsa på för att minska på den ohälsa som finns i samhället. / The purpose of this study was to examine how individual’s experiences of well-being and routines in their daily life after participating in a health promotion intervention as a resource for return to work or studies. A qualitative method was used in this empirical study. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. The samples in this study was four men and two women aged 18-54 years. The interviews were documented with sound-recording and all data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed by a thematic analysis. The main result was about the experiences the individuals received from having participated in a health promotion intervention as a resource of returning to work or study. All individuals experienced increased well-being after participating in the health promotion intervention. Several of them have improved health issues, used various tools for routines and how they deal with problems and improved habits in their everyday life. The individuals have had a changed vision of the future, a sense of increased future opportunities and more involvement in their life situation. The results also showed that there were shortcomings in the health promotion intervention based on the perspective of the individuals. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the health promotion intervention was perceived as positive in terms of improved well-being, creating new effective routines and better knowledge acquisition. There were experiences of shortcomings within the intervention. Once the intervention was completed and the individuals were to maintain new habits and routines, there seemed to be some setbacks. Despite this, the intervention has reduced the ill-health of the individuals, which is significant for both society and public health. This means that the health promotion interventions and similar interventions are worth investing in to reduce the ill-health that is present in society.

This study forms part of a broader school-based intervention project focused on the promotion of healthy nutrition-related practices, physical health and the socio-emotional functioning of primary school children in resource-constrained communities in South Africa. The initial intervention was offered to Grade 1 to 3 learners at two schools situated in Gauteng. The purpose of the current study is to explore the needs and expectations of the parents whose children have been involved in the broader research project, with regard to the guidance they require on healthy food, nutrition and lifestyle behaviour. As a next phase of the broader project, the findings of my study will inform the development of a parent-guidance intervention for the parents of the learners in the participating schools. I integrated the Parental Involvement Process model and Ecological Systems theory in compiling a conceptual framework that guided me in undertaking my research. I utilised interpretivism as epistemology and followed a qualitative approach. I implemented a case study design utilising Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) principles in generating data with 22 parent participants who were purposively selected. For data generation and documentation, I used PRA-based workshops, observation-as-context-of-interaction, field notes, reflective journaling and audio-visual techniques. Following inductive thematic analysis, four themes and related sub-themes emerged in relation to potential topics for food and nutrition-related guidance; guidance on physical activity and fitness; guidance required for supporting the psycho-social wellbeing of children, and suitable modes of delivery for a parent guidance intervention. Based on the findings of this study, I can conclude that parents from the two communities were motivated to support the health and wellbeing of their children and families; however, some structural and psychological barriers prevented them from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviour and parenting practices. To this end, the parent participants identified specific areas that they require additional support and guidance in, based on their unique life circumstances. Furthermore, parents identified mobile technology as potential suitable way in which guidance can be offered, in combination with parent workshops and information pamphlets. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

Problématique : Chez les adolescents, les traitements contre le cancer peuvent provoquer des effets secondaires débilitants à court et à long terme, tels les nausées et la malnutrition, mais aussi des perturbations cardiométaboliques. Des données récentes ont montré que la santé cardiométabolique des adolescents est davantage affectée suite aux traitements que celle des enfants. Malgré cette vulnérabilité, les adolescents répondent généralement de manière mitigée aux programmes traditionnels de promotion de la santé axés sur la famille. Non seulement les interventions de promotion des saines habitudes de vie spécifiques aux adolescents traités pour un cancer sont rares, mais peu d’information est disponible sur les facteurs qui influencent leur participation et leur engagement dans de tels programmes. Cette étude vise à évaluer les besoins, les barrières et les facilitateurs des interventions de promotion de saines habitudes de vie pour les adolescents en oncologie et la meilleure façon d’adapter ces interventions pour eux. Méthodologie : Trois types de collectes de données ont été effectuées. Pour commencer, des entretiens ont été réalisés avec des adolescents traités pour un cancer (n=9) et des parents (n=6). Par la suite, des groupes de discussion ont été menés avec des intervenants travaillant auprès d’adolescents en oncologie (n=12). Enfin, des questionnaires auto administrés ont été envoyés à des intervenants impliqués dans un programme de promotion de la santé (n=6). Les verbatim et les réponses aux questionnaires ont été codés à l’aide du logiciel NVivo selon une méthode d’analyse qualitative hybride. Une approche déductive, basée sur le cadre conceptuel intitulé Cadre Consolidé pour la Recherche sur la Mise en Œuvre (CFIR) a été utilisée en combinaison avec une approche inductive afin de mettre en évidence les thèmes émergents. Résultats : Au moment de l'entretien, l'âge moyen des participants adolescents (40% de sexe féminin) était de 17,0 ± 1,9 ans (âge moyen au moment du diagnostic : 14,6 ± 1,6 ans). Les intervenants ont souligné que les adolescents atteints de cancer ont besoin d'accéder à des activités adaptées à leur âge, de communiquer avec des pairs qui vivent une expérience similaire, et de préserver leur scolarité et leurs amitiés. Les obstacles aux interventions mentionnés par les adolescents, les parents et les intervenants comprennent le manque de motivation, les conflits 2 d'horaire, la fatigue et les effets secondaires des traitements. Parmi les obstacles mentionnés par les adolescents et les parents figurent la douleur, les problèmes postopératoires, l'école, le déconditionnement physique et le manque de temps. Les facilitateurs mentionnés par les adolescents et les parents inclus la confiance dans l'expertise des intervenants, les approches personnalisées et la flexibilité des horaires. La pandémie de COVID-19 a été identifiée à la fois comme un obstacle et un facilitateur. Les intervenants ont recommandé de développer une relation de confiance, de privilégier les enseignements non moralisateurs, d'adapter les interventions à la capacité d'attention limitée des adolescents et d'éviter d'utiliser les bénéfices à long terme pour la santé comme facteur de motivation. Conclusion : Proposer des interventions de promotion de la santé adaptées aux besoins spécifiques des adolescents en oncologie pourrait avoir un impact positif sur leur participation, leur niveau d’engagement et possiblement, sur leur santé à long terme. / Background: Treatments for adolescent cancer can cause debilitating side effects in the shortand the long-term, such as nausea and malnutrition, but also cardiometabolic disturbances. Recent data have shown that adolescents’ cardiometabolic health is more affected following treatment than that of children. Despite this vulnerability, adolescents typically respond poorly to traditional family-oriented health promotion programs. Not only are healthy lifestyle interventions specific to adolescents treated for cancer scarce, but little information is available on the factors that influence their participation and engagement in such programs. The purpose of this study is to assess the needs, barriers and facilitators of healthy lifestyle interventions for adolescents in oncology and how to best adapt these interventions for them. Methodology: Three types of data collection were conducted. To begin with, interviews were held with adolescents treated for cancer (n=9) and parents (n=6). Afterwards, focus groups were conducted with stakeholders working with adolescents in oncology (n=12). Lastly, and self-report questionnaires were sent to stakeholders involved in a health promotion intervention (n=6). Verbatim and responses to questionnaires were coded using NVivo software and a hybrid qualitative analysis method. A deductive approach, based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) conceptual framework, was used in combination with an inductive approach in order to highlight emerging themes. Results: At the time of interview, mean age of adolescent participants (40% female) was 17.0 ± 1.9 years (mean age at diagnosis: 14.6 ± 1.6 years). Stakeholder stated that adolescents with cancer need to access activities adapted to their age, to communicate with peers going through a similar experience, and to preserve their schooling and friendships. Barriers to intervention reported by adolescents, parents and stakeholders include lack of motivation, schedule conflicts, fatigue and treatment side effects. Some of the barriers mentioned by adolescents and parents include pain, post-surgery problems, school, physical deconditioning, and lack of time. Facilitators mentioned by adolescents and parents comprise trust in stakeholders’ expertise, personalized approaches, scheduling flexibility. The COVID-19 pandemic was identified as both a barrier and a facilitator. Stakeholders recommended building trust in the relationship, favoring non-moralizing teachings, adapting interventions to adolescents’ limited attention span and avoiding the use of long-term health benefits as a motivator. Conclusion: Providing health promotion interventions tailored to the specific needs of adolescents in oncology may have a positive impact on their participation, their level of engagement and possibly their long-term health.