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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Vztahy zdravotníků a jejich pacientů / Relations of medical staff and their patients

Štěpánová, Pavlína January 2013 (has links)
This diploma thesis is called "Relations of Medical Staff and Their Patients." The first part of this diploma thesis deals with patients' rights, their genesis, and the legislative base. It also includes disordered patients, whose patient's rights should not be forgotten during their hospitalization. A large part of my thesis consists of psychological, economic, legal and organizational system limits of the realization of these rights. This means relationship between a doctor and his patient, the source of health care funding, above standard medical care and the privatization of hospitals. The final part of this thesis focuses on the interaction between health professionals in social work and the patients. This thesis is enriched by an interview with the leader of social workers of a hospital in Prague, discussing new patients' right: right on a social worker.
152

The prevalence of HBV, HTLV, HIV and concurrent infections in blood recipients of the South African National Blood Service (SANBS)

Willemse, Reynier 12 1900 (has links)
M. Tech. (Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Background: Currently, the South African National Blood Services are not testing for HTLV and HTLV screening is not mandated by the WHO or by regulatory standards in South Africa. Looking at the uniquely high prevalence of HIV and HIV / HBV co-infections in the South African population and taking into account the literature that suggests that most of these infected patients will be receiving blood, exposing these patients to an additional burden like HTLV can result in an increased disease progression of HIV to AIDS and a poor prognosis in these infected patients. Study design and methods: A blinded cross-sectional study was performed. 7015 specimens were collected from all blood transfusion laboratories across South Africa excluding the Western Cape Blood Transfusion Service laboratories. The specimens collected were tested using the ABBOTT Alinity S® Immunochemiluminescent autoanalyser. All test results were confirmed with the Roche Cobas® E801 and E411 auto analyser. Results: Over all prevalence for HIV was 39.39% (N=2763), HBV 7.57% (n=531) and HTLV 0.70% (N=49). Concurrent infection for HIV/HBV 4.92% (N=345), HIV/HTLV 0.36% (N=25), HBV/HTLV 0.09% (N=6) and HIV/HBV/HTLV 0.07% (N=5). Conclusion: This study confirmed an overall high prevalence of HIV and HBV infections among patients receiving blood products from the SANBS. Compared to the general population, the HIV prevalence in blood recipients was two-fold higher. Patients receiving a blood transfusion from the SANBS have high rates of HIV, HBV and HTLV which should be taken into consideration when determining donor screening strategies.
153

Análise de um processo em construção: a regulação da saúde suplementar no Brasil / Analysis of a process in construction: the regulation of the supplementary health system in Brazil

Mascarenhas, Neil Patrick 31 August 2007 (has links)
Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa composta por análise bibliográfica categorial com foco em reforma do Estado e regulação, por um levantamento da estrutura do mercado e das atas de reunião da Câmara de Saúde Suplementar (CSS) e por entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os principais atores desta câmara, buscando entender posicionamentos e principais pontos em debate, construindo um quadro de referência do setor, visando identificar sucessos e lacunas do processo. A pergunta central é até que ponto a regulação, a partir do modelo de agência adotado no Brasil para o setor de saúde suplementar, não estaria atingindo os objetivos propostos quando da sua criação, ou seja, de defender o interesse público na assistência suplementar à saúde. O mercado de saúde suplementar é composto por 36,9 milhões de beneficiários de planos de saúde em 2006 representando 19,6% da população brasileira. Apesar do seu tamanho e da relação público-privada que permitiu seu desenvolvimento ao longo do século passado ocorreu à margem de um regramento oficial até 1998, com a promulgação das Leis 9.656/98 e 9.961/00, esta última criando a ANS, estendendo o processo de reconfiguração do papel do Estado para o setor de saúde. Entre 01/2000 e 12/2006 a ANS realizou 25 consultas públicas (4,2 consultas ao ano em média), destas 11 trataram de temas financeiros; enquanto questões cadastrais, de definição de produtos e de contratualização foram temas de três consultas cada. Neste mesmo período a ANS emitiu 790 normativos, uma média de 113 normativos por ano. A comparação entre consultas públicas e normativos sugere uma pequena participação externa à agência no processo de regulação. Desde sua criação em 1998 até 09/2006 a CSS se reuniu 44 vezes, considerando presença relativa (ponderada pelo número de convocações) as representações mais presentes foram: prestadores de serviço, medicinas de grupo, seguradoras, reguladores (ANS) e consumidores com 100%. No pólo inverso foram identificados: trabalhadores, governo e gestores com menos de 55% de presença relativa, sugerindo o grau de importância que cada grupo de representação confere à CSS, seja como fórum de debate ou espaço para disseminação de suas posições. Nestas reuniões foram pautados 129 temas, com predominância daqueles ligados a característica e estrutura da regulamentação (35% dos temas), apresentações da ANS (13% das pautas) e programas da ANS (9% dos temas). Temas como a avaliação da ANS pelos atores e discussão quanto a lacunas no processo de regulação, embora pareçam cruciais para a adequação do modelo, foram tratados apenas uma vez cada. Adicionalmente, a elaboração por parte dos atores da CSS de documentos para discussão foi tema em apenas duas das 129 pautas. As entrevistas com os atores da CSS revelam que há consenso quanto a Reforma do Estado ser a origem da regulação via agência, porém discute-se sua autonomia, distanciamento do controle social do SUS, falta de integração com políticas do Ministério da Saúde, interfaces entre os sistemas público e privado, renúncia fiscal, subordinação entre SUS e sistema suplementar, efetividade dos contratos préregulação e participação (ou interferência) do Judiciário no processo. A maioria das xv representações discute saúde suplementar desde o inicio dos anos 90, sofrendo o desgaste em função do longo período de participação e dos resultados aquém dos esperados. A composição heterogênea, não paritária e o caráter consultivo da CSS dificulta a construção do entendimento. A baixa participação de governo, trabalhadores e gestores e a discussão prévia entre ANS e MS dos assuntos relevantes corroboram com a avaliação de baixa produtividade dada à CSS. Há consenso pela busca de sustentabilidade do mercado, mas com divergências quanto às alternativas para atingi-la, com posicionamentos antagônicos quanto a incentivos fiscais, ressarcimento ao SUS, volume de lucro aceitável e metodologia de apuração dos reajustes de preços. Os gargalos apontados pelos atores foram sistemas e recursos humanos, falta de integração entre as diretorias da agência e o volume de normativos, que são apontados como fatores de lentidão e incremento de custos no processo regulatório. Ressaltam ainda a necessidade de maior participação da sociedade e transparência. São reconhecidos poucos sucessos (definição de produtos, direitos e cobertura, saneamento do mercado e programas de qualificação e troca de informação) e diversas lacunas (adequação do marco regulatório, integração interna da ANS, incorporação do prestador de serviços no campo regulado e integração com o SUS). Conclui-se que a regulação em saúde suplementar atingiu uma fase em que nenhum ator está satisfeito, mesmo entendendo ser este um processo em construção e dadas as divergências de interesses e limitações do fórum de discussão, a construção de consensos via CSS é complexa podendo não ocorrer. Adicionalmente, os posicionamentos e lacunas da agência no processo não permitem enxergá-la como efetiva defensora do interesse público em saúde suplementar. / This qualitative research is composed by a bibliographical analysis focused on state reform and regulation, the market structure analysis, the Câmara de Saúde Suplementar (CSS) meeting minutes analysis and by semi-structured interviews with CSS actors understanding positioning, discussion points, identifying successes and lacking points of the process. The objectives of this thesis are build a frame of reference for the supplementary health market, through a statistical analysis including analysis of the CSS meeting minutes, of the public consultations and rules issued by ANS; as well as analyzing the impacts of regulation on the several groups of interest represented in the CSS, discussing amplitude and range of regulation and questioning ANS mission achievement, as public interest defender in this market. The Brazilian supplementary health market assists 36.9 million beneficiaries, according to 2006 s data, which represents 19.6% of the population. Despite its size and the public-private relationship which allowed its growth since the beginning of last century, it remained unregulated until 1998. Regulatory activity was undertaken by ANS in 2000, extending State role reconfiguration concept to health field. Between 01/2000 and 12/2006 ANS called 25 public consultations (4.2 per year), from which 11 dealt with financial subjects, while masterfile, product definitions and contractualization were subject of 3 consultations each. During this period ANS issued 790 rules, an average of 113 per year. The comparison between the number of public consultations and of rules issued suggests small external participation. Since its creation in 1998 until 09/2006, CSS held 44 meetings. Considering relative participation, the most present representations were service providers, health maintenance groups, insurers, regulators and consumers with 100% of presence. On the other hand health workers, government and public health managers were present to less than 55% of the meetings, suggesting the relative importance given to CSS by each representation. During these meetings 129 different subjects were discussed. Main topics covered were regulation characteristics and structure (35%), ANS presentations (13%) e ANS programs (9%). Subjects as ANS evaluation and lacking points discussion, despite seeming crucial were dealt only once each. Additionally discussion of documents prepared by CSS actors took place only twice. Interviews seeked for actor s positioning on regulation model, were consensus resides on agency origin from state reform process, but autonomy, distance from SUS social control, lack of integration with Health Ministry policies, public and private systems interfaces, tax relieves, subordination of private system to SUS, effectiveness of preregulation contracts and Justice interference in the process are still points of discussion. The majority of representants have being discussing private health issues since the beginning of the 90s, suffering from the stress of long participation with limited results. The uneven composition and consulting status of the CSS are obstacles towards build understanding. Government s, health workers and public health managers low participation in CSS and pre-meeting discussions of relevant xvii subjects between ANS and MS, induce to a low productivity appraisal of CSS. Pursue sustainability seems to be a consensus, although ways to achieve this are discrepant, varying from definition of new fiscal incentives and reimbursement to SUS policy to definition of admited profit margins. ANS s evaluation by actors indicate botlenecks in IT and human resources, lack of integration within the agency s directorships and the amount of rules issued all of with contribute to increase costs and delay the regulatory process. Transparency and participation on decision processes are also claimed for. Few success examples are identified (product, rights and coverage definition, market clearing and implementation of quality programs) and several lacking points are indicated (adequacy of the regulatory base, internal integration, inclusion of the service providers in the regulated field and integration with SUS). Conclusions indicate that regulation has achieved a stage were none of the actors are satisfied, even recognizing that this is still a process in construction, and given the interest discrepancies between actors and limitations of the discussion arena, build consensus via CSS is complex and may not happen. At the same time, the number of lacking points in the regulation process show the distance for ANS to achieve its mission, and therefore do not allow see ANS as effective public interest defender in this market.
154

Análise de um processo em construção: a regulação da saúde suplementar no Brasil / Analysis of a process in construction: the regulation of the supplementary health system in Brazil

Neil Patrick Mascarenhas 31 August 2007 (has links)
Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa composta por análise bibliográfica categorial com foco em reforma do Estado e regulação, por um levantamento da estrutura do mercado e das atas de reunião da Câmara de Saúde Suplementar (CSS) e por entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os principais atores desta câmara, buscando entender posicionamentos e principais pontos em debate, construindo um quadro de referência do setor, visando identificar sucessos e lacunas do processo. A pergunta central é até que ponto a regulação, a partir do modelo de agência adotado no Brasil para o setor de saúde suplementar, não estaria atingindo os objetivos propostos quando da sua criação, ou seja, de defender o interesse público na assistência suplementar à saúde. O mercado de saúde suplementar é composto por 36,9 milhões de beneficiários de planos de saúde em 2006 representando 19,6% da população brasileira. Apesar do seu tamanho e da relação público-privada que permitiu seu desenvolvimento ao longo do século passado ocorreu à margem de um regramento oficial até 1998, com a promulgação das Leis 9.656/98 e 9.961/00, esta última criando a ANS, estendendo o processo de reconfiguração do papel do Estado para o setor de saúde. Entre 01/2000 e 12/2006 a ANS realizou 25 consultas públicas (4,2 consultas ao ano em média), destas 11 trataram de temas financeiros; enquanto questões cadastrais, de definição de produtos e de contratualização foram temas de três consultas cada. Neste mesmo período a ANS emitiu 790 normativos, uma média de 113 normativos por ano. A comparação entre consultas públicas e normativos sugere uma pequena participação externa à agência no processo de regulação. Desde sua criação em 1998 até 09/2006 a CSS se reuniu 44 vezes, considerando presença relativa (ponderada pelo número de convocações) as representações mais presentes foram: prestadores de serviço, medicinas de grupo, seguradoras, reguladores (ANS) e consumidores com 100%. No pólo inverso foram identificados: trabalhadores, governo e gestores com menos de 55% de presença relativa, sugerindo o grau de importância que cada grupo de representação confere à CSS, seja como fórum de debate ou espaço para disseminação de suas posições. Nestas reuniões foram pautados 129 temas, com predominância daqueles ligados a característica e estrutura da regulamentação (35% dos temas), apresentações da ANS (13% das pautas) e programas da ANS (9% dos temas). Temas como a avaliação da ANS pelos atores e discussão quanto a lacunas no processo de regulação, embora pareçam cruciais para a adequação do modelo, foram tratados apenas uma vez cada. Adicionalmente, a elaboração por parte dos atores da CSS de documentos para discussão foi tema em apenas duas das 129 pautas. As entrevistas com os atores da CSS revelam que há consenso quanto a Reforma do Estado ser a origem da regulação via agência, porém discute-se sua autonomia, distanciamento do controle social do SUS, falta de integração com políticas do Ministério da Saúde, interfaces entre os sistemas público e privado, renúncia fiscal, subordinação entre SUS e sistema suplementar, efetividade dos contratos préregulação e participação (ou interferência) do Judiciário no processo. A maioria das xv representações discute saúde suplementar desde o inicio dos anos 90, sofrendo o desgaste em função do longo período de participação e dos resultados aquém dos esperados. A composição heterogênea, não paritária e o caráter consultivo da CSS dificulta a construção do entendimento. A baixa participação de governo, trabalhadores e gestores e a discussão prévia entre ANS e MS dos assuntos relevantes corroboram com a avaliação de baixa produtividade dada à CSS. Há consenso pela busca de sustentabilidade do mercado, mas com divergências quanto às alternativas para atingi-la, com posicionamentos antagônicos quanto a incentivos fiscais, ressarcimento ao SUS, volume de lucro aceitável e metodologia de apuração dos reajustes de preços. Os gargalos apontados pelos atores foram sistemas e recursos humanos, falta de integração entre as diretorias da agência e o volume de normativos, que são apontados como fatores de lentidão e incremento de custos no processo regulatório. Ressaltam ainda a necessidade de maior participação da sociedade e transparência. São reconhecidos poucos sucessos (definição de produtos, direitos e cobertura, saneamento do mercado e programas de qualificação e troca de informação) e diversas lacunas (adequação do marco regulatório, integração interna da ANS, incorporação do prestador de serviços no campo regulado e integração com o SUS). Conclui-se que a regulação em saúde suplementar atingiu uma fase em que nenhum ator está satisfeito, mesmo entendendo ser este um processo em construção e dadas as divergências de interesses e limitações do fórum de discussão, a construção de consensos via CSS é complexa podendo não ocorrer. Adicionalmente, os posicionamentos e lacunas da agência no processo não permitem enxergá-la como efetiva defensora do interesse público em saúde suplementar. / This qualitative research is composed by a bibliographical analysis focused on state reform and regulation, the market structure analysis, the Câmara de Saúde Suplementar (CSS) meeting minutes analysis and by semi-structured interviews with CSS actors understanding positioning, discussion points, identifying successes and lacking points of the process. The objectives of this thesis are build a frame of reference for the supplementary health market, through a statistical analysis including analysis of the CSS meeting minutes, of the public consultations and rules issued by ANS; as well as analyzing the impacts of regulation on the several groups of interest represented in the CSS, discussing amplitude and range of regulation and questioning ANS mission achievement, as public interest defender in this market. The Brazilian supplementary health market assists 36.9 million beneficiaries, according to 2006 s data, which represents 19.6% of the population. Despite its size and the public-private relationship which allowed its growth since the beginning of last century, it remained unregulated until 1998. Regulatory activity was undertaken by ANS in 2000, extending State role reconfiguration concept to health field. Between 01/2000 and 12/2006 ANS called 25 public consultations (4.2 per year), from which 11 dealt with financial subjects, while masterfile, product definitions and contractualization were subject of 3 consultations each. During this period ANS issued 790 rules, an average of 113 per year. The comparison between the number of public consultations and of rules issued suggests small external participation. Since its creation in 1998 until 09/2006, CSS held 44 meetings. Considering relative participation, the most present representations were service providers, health maintenance groups, insurers, regulators and consumers with 100% of presence. On the other hand health workers, government and public health managers were present to less than 55% of the meetings, suggesting the relative importance given to CSS by each representation. During these meetings 129 different subjects were discussed. Main topics covered were regulation characteristics and structure (35%), ANS presentations (13%) e ANS programs (9%). Subjects as ANS evaluation and lacking points discussion, despite seeming crucial were dealt only once each. Additionally discussion of documents prepared by CSS actors took place only twice. Interviews seeked for actor s positioning on regulation model, were consensus resides on agency origin from state reform process, but autonomy, distance from SUS social control, lack of integration with Health Ministry policies, public and private systems interfaces, tax relieves, subordination of private system to SUS, effectiveness of preregulation contracts and Justice interference in the process are still points of discussion. The majority of representants have being discussing private health issues since the beginning of the 90s, suffering from the stress of long participation with limited results. The uneven composition and consulting status of the CSS are obstacles towards build understanding. Government s, health workers and public health managers low participation in CSS and pre-meeting discussions of relevant xvii subjects between ANS and MS, induce to a low productivity appraisal of CSS. Pursue sustainability seems to be a consensus, although ways to achieve this are discrepant, varying from definition of new fiscal incentives and reimbursement to SUS policy to definition of admited profit margins. ANS s evaluation by actors indicate botlenecks in IT and human resources, lack of integration within the agency s directorships and the amount of rules issued all of with contribute to increase costs and delay the regulatory process. Transparency and participation on decision processes are also claimed for. Few success examples are identified (product, rights and coverage definition, market clearing and implementation of quality programs) and several lacking points are indicated (adequacy of the regulatory base, internal integration, inclusion of the service providers in the regulated field and integration with SUS). Conclusions indicate that regulation has achieved a stage were none of the actors are satisfied, even recognizing that this is still a process in construction, and given the interest discrepancies between actors and limitations of the discussion arena, build consensus via CSS is complex and may not happen. At the same time, the number of lacking points in the regulation process show the distance for ANS to achieve its mission, and therefore do not allow see ANS as effective public interest defender in this market.
155

Forecasting Models to Predict EQ-5D Model Indicators for Population Health Improvement

Pathak, Amit January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
156

Relationen mellan WHO:s globala aidsprogram och icke­statliga organisationer : Kan bristen på samarbete förklaras utifrån new interdependence approach eller medlemsstaternas agerande? / Relations Between WHO Global Programme on AIDS and NGOs : Can the lack of cooperation be explained by new interdependence approach or the actions of member states?

Tengdelius, Daniel January 2023 (has links)
This thesis aims to understand why the World health organization’s Global programme on aids (WHO GPA) does not appear to be able to collaborate with non-governmental actors (NGO), even though booth WHO GPA and NGO`s appears to value and seek cooperation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the lack of cooperation between WHO GPA and NGO: s can be explained using new interdependence approach or if the actions of WHO´s member states v. The selected case in this thesis is WHO GPA which existed from 1987 to 1995 and represents the first anti-aids program supported by UN and its member states. WHO GPA is therefore active in a policy area where a lot of interactions with NGO: s could be expected. To analyse the apparent lack of cooperation between WHO GPA and relevant NGO: s, this article will apply the theories new interdependence approach and neorealism. To explain the research questions, how does the interaction between WHO GPA and NGO: s appear within the global effort against the aids pandemic, what role did member states have in limiting or enable formal cooperation between WHO GPA and NGO:s and finally how the theory new interdependence approach can explain the interactions between the WHO GPA and NGO: s. To answer the research questions this thesis will apply a qualitative text analysis on material from WHO GPA, for example annual reviews, as well as previous research articles and books that concerns the WHO GPA. The analysis concludes that the interaction between WHO GPA and NGO: s, can be explained with the fact that informal cooperation does appear but not formal cooperation. This appears to be because while booth WHO GPA and NGO: s seeks support and cooperation, the interactions between them is still affected by mistrust. The member state’s role in limiting or enabling cooperation can be answered two levels, globally where powerful states have strong informal powers to control WHO GPA. When NGO: s are granted formal representation, the selection of NGO: s is not representative of the larger NGO community and not in response to cooperation between WHO GPA and NGO:s. Recipient states does also appear to hinder cooperation between NGO:s, WHO GPA and national aids programmes, because of rivalry between the state and NGO over limited aid. Finally, new interdependence approach appears to explain to lack of formal cooperation, because of a lack of distinct resources. However, it cannot explain the cases where NGO: s achieved official representation as the result of cross-national layering.

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