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Το αντικείμενο της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η εξαγωγή σχεδίου φλεβών από φωτογραφίες ανθρώπινων δακτύλων με τη χρήση ενός αλγορίθμου κορυφογραμμής. Στην αρχή, αναλύουμε κάποιες μεθόδους προσωπικού προσδιορισμού. Στη συνέχεια, αναφερόμαστε στη μέθοδο Hitachi και στις αρχές που την διέπουν. Κατόπιν, εξάγουμε τον αλγόριθμο της κορυφογραμμής και τον εφαρμόζουμε σε δεδομένες φωτογραφίες. Παραθέτουμε τα συμπεράσματα και τις παρατηρήσεις μας. Τέλος, στο παράρτημα εκθέτουμε το σύνολο του αλγορίθμου γραμμένο σε κώδικα MATLAB. / This study focus on the extraction of vein pattern from human fingers images with the use of an algorithm ridge. Firstly, we analyze certain methods of personal definition. Secondly, we make a reference to the method Hitachi and the principles is governed by. Then, we extract the algorithm ridge and we apply it on certain images. We cite our conclusions and comments. Finally, in the Appendix we present an overview of the algorithm using the MATLAB code.

All companies strive for increased quality and productivity in their operations by streamlining resource use and / or using new technology. This has led them to try to find new technical solutions that can be integrated into production as part of the improvement process, and that can drive the improvement work in the company forward.   The purpose of this study is to identify opportunities for the use of laser projection technology in manufacturing processes and to study whether there may be a potential to use the technology in parallel with the manual activities. The study presents various theories about laser projection technology and identifies important concepts, and it is conducted at Hitachi-ABB in a sheet metal workshop department within their production of transformers. To do this, several interviews and observations have been conducted within their factory in Ludvika, and a company that supplies laser projection products has been contacted to study their products and find a product that fits.   The result has been that the company Faro supplies laser projection technology solutions and has suitable products that can minimize disruption to manual work and can replace a large part of the measurement, etching and quality control that is performed in the Detail area of ​​the sheet metal workshop department. Faro Tracer has not been tested in the workplace, but a comparison has been made between data collected from Hitachi-ABB and the technology supplier Faro. However, further studies must be performed where the technology can be tested on-site. / Alla företag strävar efter ökad kvalitet och produktivitet inom deras verksamheter genom att effektivisera resursanvändning och använda nya teknologier. Detta leder till att företag försöker hitta nya tekniska lösningar som kan göra produktivitet och integrering i produktion som en del av förbättringsprocessen med syfte att driva förbättringsarbetet i företaget.   Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera möjligheter för användning av laserprojiceringsteknik i tillverkningsprocesser, och studera om företaget potentiellt kan använda sig av tekniker och vilka fördelar detta för mig. Studien presenterar en beskrivning och ger en teoretisk grund för laserprojiceringsteknik samt identifierar viktiga begrepp. Arbetet utförs på Hitachi-ABB på plåtverkstadavdelningen som är en del av deras produktion av transformatorer. Under studiet har flera intervjuer och observationer gjort inom fabriken i Ludvika. Ett företag som levererar laserprojiceringsprodukter har blivit kontaktad för att studera deras produkter och hitta en produkt som passar.   Resultatet lyfter fram en produkt från företaget Faro som levererar lösningar för laserprojektionsteknik och har produkter som kan minimera störningar på manuellt arbete och kan ersätta en stor del av mätning, ritsning och kvalitetskontroll som utförs inom plåtverkstadavdelning. Faro Tracer har inte blivit testad på den aktuella arbetsplatsen utan studiet presenterar end detaljerad analys där en jämförelse har gjorts mellan insamlade data från Hitachi-ABB och leverantören av tekniker Faro. Vidare studier behöver utföras där implementering av tekniker kan prövas på plats.

Upcycling can be described as an activity where outdated or discarded products are used as raw-materials in the construction of a new object, for which an increased quality or value is achieved. Some ideas for upcycling of technologically simple products have prooved successful, in the sense that those ideas have become widespread and practically implemented within a certain target audience. This thesis explores how an idea concerning upcycling of an electric product can be developed into a prototype, with the intent to simplify application of the idea within the target audience of electronic hobbyists. This is achieved through the development of a prototype for an adapter, the purpose of which is to extend the functionality of a character based LCD module with the Hitachi HD44780 control circuit. This allows for using such LCD module for displaying text in additional languages, and (for certain applications) using it as a substitute for a monochromatic graphical LCD module. The conclusion of the study is that the adapter prototype is capable of increasing the number of user defined characters that can be displayed simeltanously by a character LCD module, and that the prototype may be of use for certain types of applications within the intended target audience. / "Upcycling" kan beskrivas som en syssla där föråldrade eller kasserade produkter används som material vid tillverkning av ett nytt föremål, vilket har högre kvalitet eller värde. Det finns exempel på idéer för "upcycling" av teknologiskt enkla produkter vilka har visat sig framgångsrika, i bemärkelsen att de har nått spridning och tillämpas praktiskt inom någon målgrupp. I detta arbete undersöks hur en idé för "upcycling" av en elektrisk produkt kan utvecklas till en prototyp, med syftet att underlätta tillämpning av denna idé inom målgruppen elektronikhobbyister. Detta sker genom utveckling av en prototyp till en adapter, som utökar funktionaliteten hos en teckendisplaymodul med styrkretsen Hitachi HD44780. Adapterns funktion är att öka det antal användardefinierade tecken som kan visas på en sådan teckendisplaymodul. Detta möjliggör att teckendisplaymodulen kan användas för att visa text på fler språk, och att den för vissa ändamål kan användas som substitut för en monokrom grafisk displaymodul. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att prototypen av denna adapter kan användas för att öka det antal användardefinierade tecken som samtidigt kan visas på en teckendisplaymodul, samt att prototypen kan vara användbar för vissa syften inom den avsedda målgruppen.

This thesis will cover how two applications were developed using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. The first application, the Joule heating application, simulates joule heating while taking the skin effect into consideration. The second application, the Corona Discharge application, is used to simulate corona discharges. It also estimates the initiation of charge propagation using the integration of the Townsend mechanism. The goal of this thesis is to verify that the COMSOL Application Builder can be used to create easy-to-use applications. With a high degree of accuracy and efficiency, it aims to aid Hitachi’s work with the design and effectiveness of bushings. These applications were developed to have similar graphical interfaces, making it easier for users to understand their functionality. Although a striking similarity in the graphical interfaces, the two applications have vastly different computational formulas, and physical properties, and are not based on the same COMSOL modules. The applications resulted in improving Hitachi’s workflow by significantly increasing efficiency and accuracy. The applications also contain a high degree of guidance to help the user optimize their results. However, as with all code-based projects, there is room for improvement. In the case of the Corona Discharge Application, one upgrade could be to allow the application to automatically find and calculate points with the highest potential. In conclusion, this thesis found that it is possible to create applications based onCOMSOL models, with a high degree of accuracy and efficiency, while still making them easy to use, interactive, and retaining all their physical properties.

Hitachi Energy is a world leading company in the production and installation of power transformers and the quality of their services is of the utmost importance. The majority of the company's current quality control methods are performed manually, the purpose of this study is to identify potential areas where the use of 3D-scanning technology as a method for quality control has potential, making use of interviews, literature studies and document analysis to do so. Further the study wishes to outline the specific methods that could be used to increase the efficiency of the production and present the steps that would be required for these methods to be implemented effectively.  The results revealed that both the active core and final assembly processes currently face issues. The active core assembly with specific aluminum pipes that often differ from the specified tolerances. Most of these problems come from external suppliers and get noticeable when they arrive at the active core assembly. The final assembly faces issues with the lowering down of the active core into its container. A process that can vary drastically in the time it takes while simultaneously being a very time sensitive process. The study proposes three methods as solutions to these problems. An initial control of the aluminum pipes after delivery with FARO:s Quantum Max ScanArm and CAM2 Software. As well as a simulated lowering down of the active core, making use of FARO:s Focus Laser Scanner and the software program SCENE. Lastly, a more general use of 3D-scanning for quality control. It is concluded that committing to an investment is required to reach further results.

The demand for fossil-free energy production is rising due to electrification and increased consumption in the energy system. There are also multiple climate goals to reach, to preserve the possibilities of a sustainable future. A response to this is the BWRX-300, a natural circulation boiling water small modular reactor (SMR) concept developed by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy. It is currently at the forefront of study for many power utility companies around the world. For decision making it is of interest to investigate the capabilities of new facilities. This Master Thesis work's aim is to study the BWRX-300 reactor's feasibility together with evaluating and optimizing its performance using the core simulation softwares Casmo5 and Simulate5. This is carried out by first verifying Simulate5's natural circulation capabilities by modifying an existing forced-circulation reactor to natural circulation, then comparing simulation results to real world data.  Next a comprehensive model of the BWRX-300 reactor pressure vessel is modelled and validated. Equilibrium cores for 12- and 24-month cycle lengths are then simulated where key reactor performance metrics such as fuel economy, safety margins, axial profiles (of voids and pressure drop) and reactor characteristics are extracted. The effect of different fuel assembly designs in the BWRX-300 reactor core is investigated to find first core design optimums. Furthermore the decay heat removal system in the BWRX-300 is investigated. Lastly the results are used to evaluate the optimal operating mode given the current and future more dynamic projected state of the energy system.  The results show that there are no real technical difficulties while operating the BWRX-300 reactor for 12 or 24 months. The decay heat removal system and core flow characteristics provide abundant coolant flow to maintain long term fuel integrity during both normal and abnormal operation modes. More or less routine core design optimization work is required to obtain sufficient safety margins and improve fuel economy. It is observed that the smaller reactor core requires an increase in average fuel enrichment to maintain criticality throughout the cycle, potentially creating an incentive to raise the current licensing limit. However it is deemed possible to avoid this by conducting further fuel design optimization work.

Vibrations are everywhere around us all the time and we often recognise them as sounds that we can hear and analyse with our brain. In this thesis, data that has been gathered from a diverter switch (DS) in a controlled environment, is analysed. This data consists of vibroacoustic measurements and information to indicate what is happening inside the DS as the vibroacoustic data is gathered. The frequency properties of vibroacoustic data from the DS gathered before this thesis are displayed using a wavelet transformation model. This means the frequency properties of the signal can be approximated for all times in the operation with a certain accuracy. As the DS is built from many different components, the frequency properties of these components are compared to the time-frequency picture of the full DS operation. This sort of comparison ends up not being feasible as the complexity of the DS frequency pattern is much more than that of a sum of its component’s frequency pattern. A second approach of analysing the gathered vibroacoustic data is by using a classification model. The information about what is happening inside of the DS is used to train a logistic regression model on different defined regions of the vibroacoustic data. Before the training is preformed though, the different defined regions are transformed into frequency space with help of the fast Fourier transform. With this, a classification model is produced, where vibroacoustic data of any time region can be fed into the model and the model will classify which defined region this vibroacoustic data belongs to. The results are promising, and the model can be used both for classification of the defined regions and potentially used to determine if the vibroacoustic properties of the DS has changed due to wear of the mechanical components or transformer oil.

本研究主要探討日本企業於90年代面臨泡沫經濟、金融風暴、全球化、資訊經濟以及服務經濟的變革。許多大企業過去因為追求成長而組織逐漸膨脹，使得面臨外部環境快速變遷時，發生反應遲鈍、人員創新力不足、資源過度分散的現象。在這一波變革當中，日本企業一方面要重整組織，一方面要踏入新的事業領域，使得變革格外艱困。90年代的泡沫經濟，正好提供日本企業深思反省的機會，也讓研究學者提供了企業變革的最佳樣本。 由於日本政府正式將獨占禁止法的純控股公司禁令解除，預計2001年進一步更改稅法為連結經營的模式，因此被禁止五十年的控股公司經營模式將被許多大企業多所採用。本研究藉由三大綜合電機廠商－株式會社日立製作所、株式會社東芝、三菱電機株式會社－的探討，逐步了解日本企業這一波組織變革的手法，以及控股公司組織架構在企業變革上所扮演的角色。 本研究從策略思維、組織架構、經營系統著手探討，發現在各個環節上都是企業變革的重要考量。日本企業的經營策略逐漸轉型為以中期規劃為主；原本製造導向轉變為以服務為導向；80年代過張造成的的資源分散，現在則努力執行選擇與集中企業資源；面對著資訊時代的來臨，投資網路與通訊新事業；隨著全球化的變化，企業不只有著重於日本市場，更以策略聯盟的方式以拓展全球市場。 由於控股公司架構的施行，可以幫助企業易於事業重組與進入新事業、企業轉變成為以策略為重點、權力分配朝向大幅授權與分權自主。就管理制度而言，為了適應mega-competition的競爭環境，反應速度是重要的考量，因此除了維持生產效率之外，經營效率亦是訴求重點。強調創新精神、加速決策過程、採用績效制度、藉助資訊系統等，以搭配控股公司的組織架構，期待能創造出另一波為人稱道的日本式經營。 本研究的結果，正是吾人探索二十一世紀經營之典範。對於台灣企業而言，台灣企業一直和日本企業保持著亦師亦友的角色，日本企業所面臨的大小問題，似乎都是台灣企業未來極有可能遇見的狀況，透過日本企業的深入了解，不但給予台灣企業警惕，也提供台灣企業良好的教材。 / The research studies Japanese firms' changes in face of bubble economy, financial crisis, and globalization as well as digital and service economy. Due to rapid growth in the 1980s, while facing the fast changes of business environment in the past decade, most of Japanese companies suffered from slow responses, insufficient innovation, and over diversified resources. To revitalize the organizations, they are willing to invest in new businesses on the other hand. Because of the lift of pure holding company and reform of consolidated tax system, many Japanese companies are announcing that they will transform themselves to new organizations in form of holding company that had been banned for fifty years. Through the search of three giant general electric firms- Hitachi, Ltd., Toshiba Corporation, and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, the research discusses how the Japanese enterprises change and how the holding company structure plays in organizational changes. In terms of strategic rethinking, organizational adaptation, and managerial revitalization, Japanese companies are transforming from long term planning to midterm, from manufacturing orientation to service, from diversified resource to selection and focus, and from general electric businesses to network and communications. Not only is Japanese market emphasized, but international markets also are exploited by numbers of global strategic alliances. The introduction of holding company structure helps companies enter new businesses easily, focus efforts on strategies rather than on operations, and delegate more authorities to lower levels. Under the new structure, management system should be changed simultaneously. To survive in new business environment called mega-competition, fast response and managerial efficiency are points. Moreover, entrepreneurship, speedy decision making process, performance-based evaluation, and information system are adopted to fit both strategic rethinking and organizational adaptation. Scrutinizing Japan's adaptation to environment can give Taiwanese companies more understandings of new Japanese business operations. What the research reveals can warn Taiwan of falling into the same path as of Japan.

This diploma thesis is concerned with possibilities of patient data transfer from a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator to physician over GSM. Theoretical part describes options of data transfer in GSM networks, data appropriate for sending and a structure of message is proposed. A device, that is able to send medical data in a form of SMS messages is designed and constructed. The device uses a Freescale MC68HC908GP32 microcontroller, character display with a Hitachi HD44780 controller and a cell phone Sony CMD-J70. The program for microcontroller is written in assembler for HC08. For tabular view of received messages, an application software for PC was created.