abstract: When preparing for and responding to disasters, humanitarian organizations must run effective and efficient supply chains to deliver the resources needed by the affected population. The management of humanitarian supply chains include coordinating the flows of goods, finances, and information. This dissertation examines how humanitarian organizations can improve the distribution of information, which is critical for the planning and coordination of the other two flows. Specifically, I study the diffusion of information on social media platforms since such platforms have emerged as useful communication tools for humanitarian organizations during times of crisis. In the first chapter, I identify several factors that affect how quickly information spreads on social media platforms. I utilized Twitter data from Hurricane Sandy, and the results indicate that the timing of information release and the influence of the content’s author determine information diffusion speed. The second chapter of this dissertation builds directly on the first study by also evaluating the rate at which social media content diffuses. A piece of content does not diffuse in isolation but, rather, coexists with other content on the same social media platform. After analyzing Twitter data from four distinct crises, the results indicate that other content’s diffusion often dampens a specific post’s diffusion speed. This is important for humanitarian organizations to recognize and carries implications for how they can coordinate with other organizations to avoid inhibiting the propagation of each other’s social media content. Finally, a user’s followers on social media platforms represent the user’s direct audience. The larger the user’s follower base, the more easily the same user can extensively broadcast information. Therefore, I study what drives the growth of humanitarian organizations’ follower bases during times of normalcy and emergency using Twitter data from one week before and one week after the 2016 Ecuador earthquake. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2018

La gestion de flottes est un défi important pour ces organisations pour deux raisons principales (1) dans les opérationshumanitaires les coûts liés au transport sont très élevés (les plus importants après les frais du personnel) et, (2) le rôlecentral joué par le transport pour répondre à la demande et réduire les délais de livraison. Les organisations humanitairesfont face à des conditions très particulières, par exemple ils opèrent dans des zones avec des infrastructures insuffisantesavec des conditions environnementales extrêmes et ont des contraintes budgétaires très strictes. Dans un pareil contexte, les modèles d’optimisation développés pour des supply chains de type commercial ne sont pas toujours applicables. Par conséquent, une nouvelle série d'outils et des nouvelles théories sont envisageables et même nécessaires. Cette thèse contribue au développement de ces outils. Elle est composée de deux parties qui abordent deux questions clés pour la gestion d’une flotte humanitaire: (1) quelle est la taille optimale de la flotte au fil du temps et quelle est la meilleure stratégie d’achat, (2) quelle sont les meilleures politiques de gestion une fois la flotte sur le terrain. Le manque de données est un vrai souci pour les organisations humanitaires et il empêche l’utilisation de modèles développés pour le secteur commercial qui requièrent un volume de données très important. Par conséquent, la première partie de cette thèse de l’étude propose une méthode pour déterminer la capacité optimale d’une flotte, de manière à réduire les coûts d'approvisionnement tout en répondant aux besoins de la demande, sans faire recours à des données détaillées. Contrairement aux idées reçues dans les organisations humanitaires, les résultats suggèrent qu'un mix de stratégies d'approvisionnement qui suivent la demande et de stratégies qui gardent un niveau de stock constant minimise les coûts. Le modèle suggère aussi que la stratégie d'approvisionnement qui suit la demande est optimale dans la plupart de missions humanitaires. La deuxième partie de l’étude analyse les politiques de gestion de flotte sur le terrain. Pour optimiser les performances de leurs flottes et satisfaire au mieux la demande, les organisations humanitaires mettent en oeuvre des politiques visant à accroître l'utilisation des véhicules tout en préservant leur valeur résiduelle. L’étude analyse la flotte d’une importante organisation humanitaire dans quatre pays (Soudan, Ethiopie, Afghanistan et Géorgie). Les résultats de l’étude montrent que (1) une allocation de véhicules par type de mission n’est pas nécessaire, (2) tous les véhicules doivent être utilisés conformément à la même politique d'utilisation quelle que soit leur mission et, (3) la politique de remplacement des véhicules mise en oeuvre par la plupart des organisations humanitaires n'est pas efficace et doit être revue. L’étude démontre aussi que la maximisation du taux d'utilisation et la maximisation de la valeur résiduelle ne sont pas forcément des objectifs opposés : une politique bien conçue permet de les atteindre simultanément. / Fleet management is a major concern for international humanitarian organizations because of (1) the magnitude of transportation related costs in humanitarian operations, second only to personnel cost and, (2) the pivotal role that transportation plays in the order fulfillment process. Humanitarian organizations face unusual operating constraints, which include working in areas with poor infrastructure, extreme environmental conditions as well as budget limitations. Most of the existing models derived from commercial supply chains are inapplicable in such a context. Therefore, a new set of tools and theories is required. This dissertation contributes to the development of such a new set of tools. It is composed of two parts that address two related questions in humanitarian fleet management: (1) how to determine the optimal fleet size and the optimal procurement strategy at an aggregate level and, (2) how to optimally manage an existing fleet the field level. Lack of data is the main challenge that prevents humanitarian organizations from adopting data-intensive models developed for commercial supply chains. Accordingly, the first part of this thesis studies how to determine optimal fleet capacity over time and how to minimize procurement costs for different demand profiles in the absence of detailed data. Contrary to conventional wisdom in humanitarian organizations, its findings show that a mixed policy of level and chase procurement strategies minimizes procurement costs and that a level strategy is the optimal approach to procurement in most humanitarian missions. The second part of the dissertation concentrates on fleet management policies at the field level. To optimize fleet performance and maximize demand coverage, humanitarian organizations implement policies to enhance the utilization of vehicles and minimize their physical depreciation. Through the analysis of a large humanitarian organization’s fleet in four representative countries (Sudan, Ethiopia, Afghanistan and Georgia) the results of this dissertation suggest that: (1) it is not necessary to assign different vehicles to specific mission types (2) all vehicles should be used following the same usage policy regardless of their mission type and, (3) the vehicle replacement policy implemented by most humanitarian organizations is not effective and needs to be reconsidered. Results also demonstrate that, on average, a utilization-depreciation trade-off does not exist and that a wellconceived fleet management policy can allow for both higher vehicle utilization and lower depreciation.

Yes / There is an agreement among European countries about the need to achieve efficient, effective and responsive evacuations as part of disaster management. Evacuations face uncertain and dynamic conditions, which often challenge the expectations at the planning stage. This research looks at the adoption of agility in evacuation operations. Managers involved in disaster operations in three countries were interviewed to identify current practices and needs during evacuations. This article looks at the potential of beneficiary engagement, staff and information, cooperation, and fitness for change to incorporate agile practices at each one of the stages of evacuation planning. The purpose is to provide an Agile Evacuation Operations (AEO) evidence-based framework to inform theory and practice. The analysis provided shows that along with current practices it is important to engage the beneficiaries more closely, empower and train the staff to react to unexpected conditions, and take advantage of local knowledge to enhance operations. / The data collection was funded with the support of the European Commission, Directorate-General Home Affairs.

Bakgrund: Katastrofer kan vara orsakade av naturen eller av människan. Oavsett vad som orsakat katastrofen har sjuksköterskor en betydande roll i katastrofsjukvård och internationella humanitära insatser. Det är ett arbete som ställer höga krav på individens kompetens. Resultat från flera studier runt om i världen visar att sjuksköterskor ofta anser att deras utbildning inte är tillräcklig för att kunna hantera de problem som kan dyka upp i ett katastrofområde. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilken kunskap och kompetens sjuksköterskor anser vara nödvändiga för att kunna arbeta på bästa sätt i ett katastrofområde. Metod: I denna studie har tre intervjuer genomförts. För att undersöka vilken kunskap och kompetens sjuksköterskor behöver har insamlad data analyserats genom manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Genom analysen framkom tre huvudkategorier: Förberedande kunskaper & färdigheter; Situationer på plats samt Ledning på plats. I kategorin Förberedande kunskaper & färdigheter beskriver respondenterna den kunskap de anser vara nödvändig innan uppdragets början. Det var viktigt att ha teoretisk kunskap om bland annat vitala parametrar och infektionssjukvård. Erfarenhet av att vårda sjuka barn framkom som viktigt. Inom Situationer på plats beskrivs de olika arbetsuppgifter och roller respondenterna haft under respektive uppdrag. Varierande problem och utmaningar framkom, bland annat att behoven ofta översteg resurserna. Ledning på plats beskriver respondenternas återkommande roller som arbetsledare och chef. Det handlade bland annat om att kunna fatta beslut, att ha ansvar och kunna samverka med såväl kollegor som myndigheter. Slutsats: Resultatet i denna studie tyder på att ledarskap är en av de viktigaste kompetenserna i humanitära insatser. Grundutbildningen till sjuksköterska i Sverige är tillfredställande och ger rätt teoretiska kunskaper för att kunna arbeta med katastrofsjukvård. Utöver en god teoretisk kunskap anses erfarenhet av framförallt pediatrisk omvårdnad vara viktigt för arbetet i humanitära insatser. Klinisk betydelse: Resultatet i denna studie kan användas för att utveckla kursplaner i sjuksköterskeutbildningen och förberedande utbildningar för humanitära insatser. / Background: Disasters can be of natural cause or be man made. No matter the cause of the disaster nurses will play a significant role in disaster nursing and international humanitarian operations. The work sets high demands on the individual's competence. Results from several studies around the world show that nurses often feel their education is not sufficient to be able to deal with the problems that may arise in a disaster area. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore what knowledge and competence nurses consider necessary in order to work optimally in a disaster area. Method: In this study, three interviews were conducted. To explore what knowledge and competence nurses need, the collected data was analyzed through manifest content analysis. Findings: The analysis revealed three main categories: Preparatory knowledge & skill; Situations on site and Management on site. In the category Preparatory knowledge & skills the respondents describe the knowledge they consider necessary before the beginning of the mission. It was important to have knowledge of, among other, vital parameters and infection care. Experience of caring for sick children emerged as important. Within Situations on site the different roles and tasks the respondents had during each mission was described. Various problems and challenges emerged, among other that needs often exceeded the resources. Management on site describes the respondents recurring roles as supervisors and managers. These included being able to make decisions, to have responsibility and to be able to interact with both peers and authorities. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that leadership is one of the most important competencies in humanitarian operations. The nursing education in Sweden is satisfying and it provides the right theoretical knowledge to work with disaster nursing. In addition to good theoretical knowledge, experience of especially pediatric care is of importance for the work in humanitarian operations. Clinical impact: The result of this study can be used to develop curricula in nursing education and preparatory courses for humanitarian operations.

Cooperation among humanitarian organizations has attracted increasing attention to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of relief supply chains. Our research focuses on horizontal cooperation in inventory management which is currently implemented in the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD) network. The present work follows a two-step research approach, which involves collection of empirical data and quantitative modeling to examine and overcome the coordination challenges of the network. Our interviews with members of the network identified several managerial issues for sustainable cooperative inventory management that the UNHRD network pursues. Using a newsvendor model in the context of non-cooperative game theory, our research has explored member humanitarian organizations' incentive of joining the network, a coordination mechanism which achieves system optimality, and impacts of members' decisions about stock rationing. Our results indicate that behaviors of member HOs do not necessarily align with the UNHRD's expectation. Our results suggest that for system optimality, a system coordinator should carefully assess the circumstances, including demand coefficient and stock rationing. Our research also proposes a policy priority for the first-best system optimal inventory management.

Increased extreme weather events caused by climate change and other environmental impacts, are affecting already vulnerable people predominantly. These are populations with the least resilience to disasters. As a consequence, there is a higher demand for humanitarian aid which is expected to continuously increase in the face of anthropogenic emissions. Such growing need is in turn met by growing commitment from the humanitarian sector to ensure that aid is provided by means of environmentally sustainable practices. However, to what extent the current practices of humanitarian operations are impacting the environment is not well known as very little research has been conducted on environmental sustainability in this sector. As a step towards addressing this gap, this study takes on a mixed method approach to answer how to measure the environmental impacts and what they are. The sectors’ experience of practices on how to measure impacts are mapped out and a cradle-to- grave life cycle assessment in a humanitarian operation context is conducted. Studying one of the modular tools within response operations, Emergency Response Units (ERU) for water treatment, the study identifies and highlights the impact hotspots during the whole life cycle of one deployment. As a case study to carry this out, an ERU M40 from a Swedish Red Cross deployment in Uganda 2017 is reviewed. The study reveals hotspots in transportation of water distribution during the operational phase, international transport of the equipment and production of the material. It furthermore identifies challenges and opportunities of implementing such a tool in a new context in which only few similar studies have previously been conducted. Finally, this study contributes with recommendations based on empirical evidence for how an actor like the Swedish Red Cross can mitigate their environmental impacts by implementing a holistic life cycle approach and avoid causing unintended burdens. / Ökat extremväder orsakat av klimatförändringar och andra miljöpåverkan har som störst negativ effekt på redan utsatta människor. Det är befolkningar med minst resiliens mot katastrofer. Som en följd av detta uppstår en högre behov av humanitärt bistånd vilket förväntas ytterligare öka, på grund av antropogena utsläpp. Ett sådant växande behov möts av ett växande engagemang från humanitära sektorn för att säkerställa att stöd under dessa katastrofer ges genom miljömässigt hållbara metoder. I vilken utsträckning de nuvarande metoderna för humanitära insatser påverkar miljön är emellertid inte välkänt eftersom begränsad forskning har gjorts om hållbarhet utifrån ett miljöperspektiv i denna sektor. Som ett steg att minska den forskningsluckan använder denna studie en blandad metod för att svara på hur man mäter miljöpåverkan och vad den faktiska påverkan i dagsläget är. Erfarenheter inom humanitära sektorn av att applicera metoder för att mäta miljöpåverkan kartläggs och en vagga- till-graven livscykelanalys av en humanitärt insats genomförs. Studien utgår från ett modulärt verktyg inom humanitära instatser, ERU (Emergency Response Units) för vattenrening, och identifierar och belyser hotspots under livscykeln för en insats. Som en fallstudie för att genomföra detta har en ERU M40 från Svenska Röda korsets insats i Uganda 2017 använts. Studien påvisar hotspots för transport av vattendistribution under driftsfasen, internationell transport av modulen samt produktionen av materialet. Vidare identifieras utmaningar och möjligheter att implementera LCA i ett nytt sammanhang där endast ett fåtal liknande studier har genomförts tidigare. Slutligen bidrar denna studie med rekommendationer baserade på empiriska bevis för hur en aktör som Svenska Röda Korset kan minimera deras miljöpåverkan genom att implementera en holistisk livscykelperspektiv och undvika allokeringsproblem.

[pt] Pesquisas no campo de Operações Humanitárias (Humanitarian Operations - HO) vem atraindo a atenção de acadêmicos e profissionais ao abranger o estudo de diversas ferramentas analíticas visando a melhora da resposta aos beneficiários. Diferentes estudos sugerem que a inserção de práticas e teorias tradicionais de logística e gestão de operações (Operation management – OM) - incluindo simulação, otimização, probabilidade e estatística - no contexto de desastres beneficiaria a cadeia de suprimentos humanitária. Uma vez que desastres são eventos complexos, graves e dinâmicos, com recursos humanos e materiais limitados, muitos stakeholders envolvidos e alto nível de incerteza de informação, a capacidade de gerir operações se faz necessária. Uma das técnicas mais comumente reconhecidas em OM é a simulação, sendo o método de Dinâmica de Sistemas (System Dynamics – SD) capaz de modelar representações simplificadas de realidades e obter informações valiosas sobre situações de complexidade dinâmica. O método fornece um conjunto de ferramentas, como mapeamento causal e modelagem de simulação, e permite avaliar os resultados de curto e longo prazo de decisões. Nesse contexto, a presente tese visa estudar a complexidade de HO através de SD. Para isso a tese conta com uma revisão sistemática da literatura (Systematic Literature Review – SLR) a fim de identificar o estado da arte, entregando uma taxonomia, um framework e uma agenda de pesquisa. Em seguida, duas operações são apresentadas, demonstrando a modelagem através de SD em contextos humanitários distintos e de alta relevância. A primeira operação estudada consiste na coleta e distribuição de doações para a população na base da pirâmide (Bottom of the Pyramid – BoP) do Rio de Janeiro, em meio a pandemia de COVID19. Realizamos uma survey e obtivemos 2155 respostas dos beneficiários. Os dados também foram obtidos diretamente com as organizações envolvidas na operação. Como resultado, demonstramos que aumentar o acesso a produtos de limpeza nas comunidades por meio de doações pode reduzir significativamente a transmissão do vírus SARS-CoV-2. Ademais, mostramos que as doações de alimentos podem aumentar a capacidade da população vulnerável de arcar com as necessidades, aliviando o estresse causado pela pandemia nesta parcela da população. Ademais, demostramos que quando todas as doações são na forma de vouchers/ dinheiro, a acessibilidade aumenta em 20 por cento em comparação com todas as doações físicas. Resultados que podem servir de base para formuladores de políticas ajudarem as comunidades vulneráveis, especialmente durante crises nas quais os recursos são escassos e devem ser explorados de forma eficiente. O segundo estudo consiste na operação do governo federal Brasileiro para receber, abrigar e interiorizar Venezuelanos no Brasil. Como o fluxo de Venezuelanos para o Brasil tem crescido e as consequências da pandemia se apresentam como uma preocupação com a capacidade da operação, a Operação Acolhida é modelada a fim de entender os gargalos de sua escalabilidade. Como resultado, demonstramos que: (i) o processo de interiorização é um gargalo, pois além da logística, é necessária a inserção socioeconômica dos Venezuelanos (por meio de vagas de emprego, por exemplo); (ii) a capacidade dos abrigos é um gargalo da operação, pois define uma fila de venezuelanos precisando de ajuda esperando para serem abrigados. / [en] Research in Humanitarian Operations (HO) has attracted the attention of academics and practitioners by applying analytical tools to improve response to beneficiaries. Different studies suggest that the integration of traditional practices and theories of logistics and operations management (OM) in the complex context of disasters would benefit the humanitarian supply chain. One of the most recognised techniques in OM is simulation, being System Dynamics (SD) a method capable of model simplified representations of realities and gain valuable insights into situations of dynamic complexity. In this context, this thesis aims to analyse the complexity of HO through SD. The thesis presents a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the state of the art of the subject, delivering a taxonomy, a framework, and a research agenda. Then, two complex and dynamic operations are modelled through SD. The first operation involves collecting and distributing donations to the vulnerable population from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, we demonstrated that: (i) increasing access to cleaning products in communities can significantly reduce COVID-19 transmission; (ii) food donations can increase the population s affordability; (iii) accessibility increases by 20 percent in vouchers/cash donations compared to all in-kind donations. The second one is the Brazilian operation to receive, shelter, and internalise Venezuelans. Since the flow of Venezuelans to Brazil has grown and, the pandemic aftermath presents itself as a concern for the operation capacity, Operation Welcome is modelled to understand the bottlenecks for its scalability. As a result, we demonstrate that: (i) the internalisation process is a bottleneck as, in addition to logistics, it is necessary the socio-economical insertion (through job vacancies, for example); (ii) shelters capacity is an operation bottleneck, as it defines a queue of needing assistance Venezuelans waiting to be sheltered.

The global business environment is rapidly changing, and with the emergence of a new landscape comes new challenges. Traditional supply chains have been reshaped in an attempt to better adjust to the ever-increasing globalization process. This has increased the complexity of logistics as supply chains now are global, multi-tiered and encompass a variety of activities and stakeholders. As a result, many organizations are struggling to fully monitor their supply chains due to the lack of visibility within the supply chain. This concerns not only commercial corporations but also humanitarian organizations in their quest to improve the situation for people in need. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of Supply Chain Visibility and determine which factors that affect the level of visibility in a supply chain, and to investigate how humanitarian organizations can increase the level of Supply Chain Visibility during the last mile of delivery. The research was conducted by means of an extensive literature review and a case study in Zimbabwe. The case study included a mapping of the national supply chain and an assessment of the current level of visibility. Subsequently, the underlying issues that affect the current level of visibility were identified and analysed. The findings from the study show that the underlying activity and the antecedent of Supply Chain Visibility is information sharing between trading partners in the supply chain. The activity of information sharing is in turn determined by the level of connectivity and willingness. Connectivity measures the maturity of the technological means that an organisation possesses for the use of information sharing and willingness is a measurement of an organization’s attitude toward the act of information sharing. The attribute of the shared information, in terms of quality and quantity, is what finally determines the level of visibilityin a supply chain. For humanitarian organizations to increase the level of visibility during the last mile of delivery, the findings show that organizations must improve the attributes of the shared information. As information collection is often directly tied to the physical distribution of commodities, organizations must improve their transportation operations in order to increase the level of quality of the shared information. In the long run it is imperative that humanitarian organizations detach the information flows from the physical flows so that information is transmitted electronically from health facilities to the central information repository, rather than being collected by vehicle. Implementing a Logistics Management Information System based on the GS1 standards is therefore a necessity as it would allow for automatic information capture and dissemination among supply chain stakeholders. / Den globala marknaden förändras snabbt och i takt med att det affärsmässiga landskapet förändras kommer nya utmaning. Traditionella leverantörskedjor har oformaterats i ett försök att bättre anpassa sig till den ständigt ökande globaliseringen. Detta har lett till att komplexiteten inom logistikområdet ökat och leverantörskedjor är idag globala, flerskiktade och innefattar en mängd aktiviteter och aktörer. Som ett resultat av detta har många organisationer idag svårt att fullt ut övervaka sina leveranskedjor på grund av bristande insyn. Detta rör inte endast kommersiella företag utan även humanitära organisationer i deras strävan att förbättra levnadssituationen för människor i nöd. Syftet med den här studien var att utforska begreppet ”Supply Chain Visibility” och slå fast vilka faktorer som påverkar graden av insyn i leverantörskedjan, samt att undersöka hur humanitära organisationer kan öka graden av insyn i sina leveranskedjor under ”the last mileof delivery”. Studien genomfördes med hjälp en grundlig litteraturstudie och en fallstudie i Zimbabwe. Fallstudien inkluderade en kartläggning av den nationella leveranskedjan och en bedömning av den nuvarande nivån av insyn i denna. De underliggande problemen som påverkar den nuvarande nivån av insyn i leveranskedjan identifierades och analyserades slutligen. Resultaten från studien visar att den underliggande aktiviteten som föregår ”Supply Chain Visibility” är informationsdelning mellan aktörer inom leveranskedjan. Graden av informationsdelning beror i sin tur på konnektiviteten i leveranskedjan och på viljan hos enskilda aktörer att dela information med andra parter. Konnektivitet är ett mått på hur lämpade och sammankopplade de tekniska medel, som en organisation använder sig av, är för att dela information. Det som slutligen avgör vilken insyn, i leveranskedjan, som en aktör kan realisera är egenskaperna hos den delade informationen i termer av kvalitet och kvantitet. Studien visar att humanitära organisationer måste förbättra egenskaperna hos den informationsom delas, för att öka graden av insyn i leveranskedjan. Eftersom insamlandet av information ofta sker i samband med den fysiska distributionen av produkter måste humanitära organisationer fokusera på att förbättra och effektivisera dessa transportprocesser för att öka kvaliteten på informationen. På sikt är det därför helt centralt att informationsflödena skiljs från de fysiska flödena så att information kan överföras elektroniskt från kliniker till den centrala datalagringsenheten, istället för att samlas in med hjälp av distribueringsfordonen. Att implementera ett ”Logistics Management Information System” baserat på GS1 standarden är därför nödvändigt då det skulle tillåta automatisk informationsinsamling och informationsspridning mellan intressenter inom leverantörskedjan.

Submitted by Renata de Oliveira Silva (reoliveir@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T19:33:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Renata- VF.pdf: 2261411 bytes, checksum: ce479904ee8f6718fe1d41b3ec21528a (MD5) Tese_Renata- VF.pdf: 2261411 bytes, checksum: ce479904ee8f6718fe1d41b3ec21528a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-07-10T19:37:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Renata- VF.pdf: 2261411 bytes, checksum: ce479904ee8f6718fe1d41b3ec21528a (MD5) Tese_Renata- VF.pdf: 2261411 bytes, checksum: ce479904ee8f6718fe1d41b3ec21528a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T13:09:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Renata- VF.pdf: 2261411 bytes, checksum: ce479904ee8f6718fe1d41b3ec21528a (MD5) Tese_Renata- VF.pdf: 2261411 bytes, checksum: ce479904ee8f6718fe1d41b3ec21528a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / Esta tese objetivou mostrar o valor de adotar o trabalho institucional como uma lente teórica para melhor compreender o processo de construção de colaboração em operações humanitárias. Estudar o trabalho institucional envolvido por operações humanitárias e orientadas para a colaboração entre organizações humanitárias não governamentais internacionais e organizações locais pode esclarecer as estratégias e práticas que podem potencializar colaborações em contextos complexos e arriscados. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é responder a seguinte questão: como o trabalho institucional pode contribuir para melhorar nosso entendimento sobre a colaboração entre as IHNGOs e as organizações locais em operações humanitárias? Para explorar esta questão, convidei vários participantes para compartilhar suas experiências, dificuldades e ideias sobre como a colaboração surge entre a IHNGO e as organizações locais. Realizei 30 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores humanitários das maiores e mais influentes organizações humanitárias internacionais, pessoas com grande experiência que participaram das operações humanitárias mais desafiadoras nos últimos 10 anos. As principais contribuições deste trabalho são fornecer um repertório de trabalhos institucionais humanitários e destacar as formas em que o poder e a confiança - dois elementos conceituais sugeridos pela revisão da literatura - são mobilizados por atores sociais para se envolverem em colaboração em operações humanitárias. / This study aims to show the value of adopting institutional work as a theoretical lens to better understand the process of collaboration building in humanitarian operations. Studying the institutional work engaged by humanitarian operations and oriented toward collaboration between International Humanitarian Non-Government Organization and local organizations can shed light on the strategies and practices that have a potential to improve collaborations in complex and risky contexts. In this sense, the objective of this research is to answer the following question: How institutional work might contribute to improve our understanding about collaboration between IHNGOs and local organizations in humanitarian operations? To explore this issue, I invited a number of participants to share their experience, difficulties and ideas on how collaboration emerges between IHNGO and local organizations. I conducted 30 in-depth interviews with humanitarian workers from the biggest and most influence international humanitarian organizations, people with great experience that participated in the most challenging humanitarian operations in the last 10 years. The main contributions of this work is to provide a repertory of humanitarian institutional works and to highlight the ways in which power and trust – two conceptual elements suggested by the literature review – are mobilized by social actors to engage in collaboration in humanitarian operations.