The focus of this study has been to plumb social workers experiences regarding their work methods in two institutions regarding unaccompanied children through a perspective of gender. In this study, four semi-structured qualitative interviews has been contrived in purpose to gather in material which has been presented in five themes to ease an analyse focusing of gender. In all the interviews both authors participated with one in charge and one taking notes. One of the main focuses has been the relations between both social workers and their clients and between colleges in the institutions. The other main focus has been the activities, both planed and spontaneous, which the clients been offered, for example football, bowling and boxing. The idea of analyse this main focuses is based in our knowledge through recent science studies that shows that gender is created both in relations, language and everyday actions.

Studiens huvudsyfte är att utforska HVB-personalens känslomässiga påfrestningar i samband med bemötandet av ensamkommande flyktingbarn samt att utforska personalens upplevelser av sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö i relation till interaktion med ungdomarna. Studien är baserad på fenomenologisk ansats, med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 medarbetare. Resultatet redogör för medarbetarnas upplevelser i samband med bemötandet av ensamkommande flyktingbarn samt medarbetarnas upplevelser av sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö i relation till interaktion med ungdomarna. Enligt resultatet upplevs arbetet med ensamkommande barn som både givande och krävande. Social kompetens upplevs vara den viktigaste kunskapen men även språk- och kulturkompetens betonas. Dessutom lyfts lyhördhet och respekt för andra människor fram som centrala aspekter. Enligt respondenternas utsagor upplevs den psykosociala arbetsmiljön någorlunda stressande. Medarbetarna använder sig av olika copingstategier för att hantera den emotionella påverkan. Studiens slutsats är att arbetet på HVB-hem är psykiskt och emotionellt påfrestande vilket ökar tendensen till psykisk ohälsa. / The purpose of this study was to explore the HVB staff's emotional strain associated with their work. The study is based on a phenomenological approach, using semi-structured interviews of ten employees. According to my results the personnel experienced working with unaccompanied minors as both rewarding and demanding. Social skills are the most important knowledge in this kind of work, but language and cultural competence are also desirable. Sensitivity and respect for other people are highlighted as central issues in this kind of work. The psychosocial environment is perceived as stressful. Workers use various coping strategies to manage their stress. The study concludes that work in the HVB home is mentally and emotionally stressful and strenuous, increasing the risk of mental illness.

The aim of this study was to investigate how staff members at residential homes experience encountering sexuality among the youths. The study was conducted by using qualitative interviews with four staff members at four different residential homes. The interviews have been analyzed by using content analysis and have been looked at through a perspective of experience, as described by Richard Stevens, and by applying developmental psychology. The results show that, although sexuality is experienced as being distinctly present and being a topic of major concern, the staff members have given sex-education as a means by which to raise their own competence little or no thought. One way to interpret this is that sexuality and sex-education haven’t been given a sufficient space in the work with the youths. Several staff members do experience the need of skills development in order to be able to function in the role as significant others when it comes to sexuality among the youths, and express that they would like to receive training in doing so. To a certain degree they experience situations in which they are not entirely certain how to act and which they are not sure how to handle. The result is somewhat in line with what previous research has pointed at, but does not include staff members having severe problems talking about sexuality with the youths. All participants express that they have minor or no problems with talking about sexuality and with encountering sexuality-related aspects in relation to the youths.

The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about how professionals experience user influence within family-treating residential care. To collect empiricism for this study semi structed interviewes was conducted with eight employees within family-treating residential care. These interviews were later processed through a content analysis, it becomes clear that the participants acknowledged the importance of user influence within its own treatment. Further on, the result has been analysed by the theory called empowerment and previous research within the current subject, ”user influence within family-threating residential care”. However, the result of this study is that the user influence should always exist though in certain circumstances it should be limited.

The purpose of this study was to find out how the HVB staff is working to integrate the unaccompanied children into Swedish society, and it was also about to find out the challenges they encounter at work. The study has been based on a qualitative study, where four people from four different HVB-homes have been interviewed. The material has been analyzed in the next chapter of this study, by using various theories that are appropriate, Esser and Elwer’s theories of internal integration and assimilation and Luhmann’s theory of the system theoretical perspective that deals with two important concepts such as exclusion and inclusion. The results of the study shows that those various HVB-homes have the same strategies when it comes to integrating unaccompanied children in the society. The HVB staff considered that the children's integration took place through various factors such as school and sports activities, the most important key to integration is the staff who is working at HVB homes because these people have the primary goal of helping unaccompanied children. The HVB staff used strategies and techniques to inform and learn the most important aspects of what standards and values must be followed in Swedish society. / Syftet med undersökningen i denna studie var att få fram hur HVB-personalen arbetar med att integrera ensamkommande barn i det svenska samhället samt vilka utmaningar de stöter på dagligen. Studien har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ studie där fyra personer från fyra olika boenden har intervjuats. I nästkommande kapitlet har materialet analyserats med hjälp av olika teorier som var lämpliga, Esser och Elwerts teorier om den interna integrationen samt assimilation och Luhmanns teori om det systemteoretiska perspektivet som behandlar två viktiga begrepp som exkludering och inkludering. Slutresultatet i studien påvisar att de olika HVB-hemmen har i stort sätt samma strategier när det kommer till att integrera ensamkommande barn i samhället. Enligt HVB-personalen skedde barnens integration genom olika faktorer såsom skola och idrottsverksamheter, dock är den viktigaste nyckeln till integration personer som arbetar på HVB-hem eftersom att dessa personer har som huvudsakligt mål att hjälpa stödja ensamkommande barn. Strategier och tekniker som personalen på HVB-hem använde var att informera och lära ut de viktigaste aspekterna, vad gäller vilka normer och värderingar som måste efterföljas i det svenska samhället.

The main purpose of this study is to research about how the staff at a residental care home strives to make the unaccompanied youths feel like they are a part of the society in Sweden. The purpose is also to explain how the staff at the care home legitimises their integrating actions. To accomplish the purpose, a qualitative approach was made; four staffs and three youths were interviewed at a care home in the southern part of Sweden. The theoretical approach were: social integration and social exclusion. The theoretical concepts in this study were: rules, norms, social norms and moral norms. The findings of this study was that the staff, mentors and the guardians of the youths were people that helped them understand the ”new” society by teaching them the mutual norms, values and attitudes in the society. The norms, rules and routines that were taught at the care home, were interpreted as social and moral norms that sets the framework of a ”correct behavior” in a given situation. To make the system of norms appear as legitimate to the youths, the staff explained why the norms are important to internalize as well as explaining what could happen if you would go against them. In this way, the youths corrected their behavior in relation to what the staff mediated and to what they thought was important themselves. To understand how the society works, including learning the norms, values and behaviours, were according to the staff a way for the youths to create a good start into the Swedish society.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur boendepersonal på Hvb-hem (hem för vård och boende) arbetar för att integrera ensamkommande barn i samhället. För att få information till studien har vi intervjuat sju personer som arbetar på olika Hvb-hem. Vi har ställt frågor kring integrationsprocessen, hur de arbetar, vad de ser som hinder och möjligheter och vilka effekterna är av den långa asylprocessen. Informanterna definierar integration ganska liknande, de belyser framförallt vikten av integration på samhällsnivå. Vårt resultat visade att barnens mående blir negativt påverkat av den långa asylprocessen. Deras dåliga mående påverkar deras motivation till att integreras, de går inte till exempel inte till skolan, vilket alla informanter anser är en viktig faktor i deras integrationsprocess. Det är inte enbart barnen som påverkas, även boendepersonalen och deras arbete. De kan inte arbeta med integrationsprocessen då de måste ta hänsyn till barnens mående, deras fokus i arbetet ändras. Nu handlar arbetet istället om att ta hand om och motivera barnen. / The aim of this study is to examine how the staff accommodation at Hvb-homes (home for care and accommodation) work to integrate unaccompanied children in the society. To get the information to the study we have interviewed seven people that work at different Hvb-homes. We asked them questions concerning the integration process, how they work with it, what they see as difficulties and possibilities and the effects of the long asylum process. The informers defined integration quite similar, they illuminated the importance of integration at societal level. We found that the children's well-being is negatively affected by the long asylum process. Their bad well-being affect their motivation to integrate, they do not go to school for example, which all informers consider an important factor in their integration process. It is not only the children that are affected, also the staff accommodation and their work is. They can no longer work with the integration process, they have to respect the children's well-being, and their focus in their work have to change. Now it is all about taking care and motivate the children.

I media skrivs det om osäkerhet, hot och våld bland både boende och personal påsvenska HVB-hem för ensamkommande flyktingbarn. Att arbeta med personer som harerfarit traumatiska händelser har visat sig ha en stor känslomässig påverkan på enindivid. Vi upplever att detta borde ha ökat forskningsintresset för HVB-personalensmående och inte enbart de boendes. Syftet med studien är därför att analysera denemotionella utmaning som möter personal i arbetet på HVB-hem. I studien behandlar vifrågor om hur de anställda arbetar och påverkas i arbetet med ensamkommandeflyktingbarn, samt på vilket sätt de hanterar känslor som uppstår i arbetet. Studien harutgått från en kvalitativ metodansats med sex ostrukturerade intervjuer med personersom arbetar eller har arbetat på HVB-hem i Skåne. Teorin i studien är baserad påGoffmans dramaturgiska teori, Hochschilds emotionssociologi och empowermentbegreppet.Studiens resultat visar att personalen utsätts för en omfattande känslomässigpåverkan i arbetet med ensamkommande flyktingbarn. Personalen på HVB-hemmenpåverkas i såväl positiv som negativ bemärkelse, till följd av ett emotionelltengagemang som uppstår i arbete med de boende. Personalen beskriver ävensvårigheterna med att lyckas släppa arbetet när de kommer hem och hur de hade önskatmer emotionellt stöd. För att kunna hantera emotionerna i och utanför arbetet ärmodifiering av känslor inte ovanligt. / The media writes about insecurity, threats and violence amongst residents andemployees within residential care homes (HVB) for unaccompanied refugee children inSweden. Working with people who have endured traumatic experiences has shown tohave a profound emotional impact on an individual. This, in our opinion, should haveraised the interest in researching the well-being of the employees. The aim of this studyis therefore to analyse the emotional challenge facing the care home employees in theirwork. We examine how care home employees work, are affected by work, and in whatway the employees manage their emotions arising from work. A qualitative method waschosen, containing six unstructured interviews with people who work or have worked atcare homes for unaccompanied refugee children in Skåne. The theoretical concepts usedin this study are based on Goffman’s dramaturgy, Hochschild’s emotion sociology andthe empowerment concept. The study shows that due to an emotional commitment, thecare home employees are highly emotionally affected by working with unaccompaniedrefugee children, in a both positive and a negative sense. The study also shows that theemployees have difficulties leaving their professional life at work, and that they wishfor more emotional support. Modification of emotions is not an unusual method inmanaging emotions inside and outside of the workplace.

Under senare tid har det kommit många ensamkommande barn till Sverige då de flytt från bland annat krig som pågår i hemlandet. De ensamkommande barnen placeras i HVB-hem, där de erbjuds stöd och omvårdnad. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån ett emotionellt perspektiv undersöka hur HVB personalen upplever sitt arbete, genom att undersöka hur personalen hanterar och påverkas av emotioner i sitt vardagliga arbete samt undersöka vilka emotionella regler det finns på arbetet. Detta kommer att utföras utifrån en kvalitativ metod, genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer med 4 integrationshandledare och 1 boendestödjare. Fokus kommer ligga på HVB personalens beskrivningar. Materialet från intervjuerna har sammanställts med empiri som jag kommer att tolka. Utifrån utvalda teorier kommer materialet att besvara studiens frågeställningar. De teorier som jag har använt mig främst av i studien är Goffmans teori om det Draugmatiska perspektivet, främre och bakre regionen, Arlie Hochschild teori om det emotionella arbetet samt människobehandlande organisationer och objekts- och subjektspositionen som diskuteras av sociologerna Markus Arvidson och Sara Johansson. Resultatet visar att HVB personalen intar en professionell roll samt hanterar och påverkas av emotioner i sitt arbete. Detta kan bero på de känsloregler som finns i arbetet och deras professionella roll som de intar. / In recent years there have been many unaccompanied children that have fled to Sweden because of the war that’s going on in their home country, for instance. The unaccompanied children are placed in HVB homes, where they are offered support and care. The aim of this study is from an emotional perspective. The study examines how the HVB staff is experiencing their work by exploring how the staff handles and gets affected by emotions in their everyday work and also examines the emotional rules at their workplace. This will be done based on qualitative approach, through semi-structured interviews with 4 integration supervisor and one housing supporter. The focus will be on HVB staffs descriptions. The material from the interviews has been compiled with empirical data that I will interpret, based on the selected theories of the material to answer the study questions. The theories that I have used mainly in the study are Goffman’s theory of the dramaturgical perspective and front- and back region. I have also used Arlie Hochschild´s theory of emotional workand the object and subject position discussed by Markus Arvidson and Sara Johansson. The result shows that the HVB staff occupies a professional role, handling and getting influenced by emotions in their work. This may be due to the emotional rules that exist at work and also because of the professional role they play.

<p>Ämnet för denna uppsats är tillsynen av enskilda hvb-hem</p><p>för minderåriga. Syftet är att titta närmare på hur denna tillsyn egentligen fungerar i tre valda län – Örebro, Halland och Skåne. Uppsatsens huvudfråga handlar om hur tillsynen går till, om riktlinjer finns samt om dessa efterföljs. Uppsatsen har en explorativ ansats och information</p><p>har sökts främst genom e-post-kontakt med olika instanser men också via Internet och litteratur.</p><p>Det har visat sig att tillsynen oftast följer framtagna riktlinjer i någon form, att den sker via föranmälda besök på hvb-hemmen där tillsynsmännen tittar på dokumentation, rutiner,</p><p>personal samt behandlingsarbetet. Tillsynen fyller den funktion den avser, däremot är funktionen bristfällig. Det har också framkommit att klienten inte är huvudpersonen för</p><p>tillsynen. Ett vårddygn kostar från 1500 kronor och uppåt. Gällande vårdutfallet råder stor förvirring och de flesta har ej svarat utifrån sina åsikter. Vår slutsats är att tillsynen inte</p><p>fungerar som den borde då det mest väsentliga – vårdutfallet – inte utvärderas. Bra riktlinjer finns, men dessa följs inte fullt ut. Dessutom följer inte alla samma riktlinjer, vilket är väldigt underligt då det handlar om samma slags vård inom samma åldersgrupp.</p> / <p>The subject for this essay is the inspection of privately owned homes for treatment or living for minors. The purpose is to look closer at how this inspection works in three different counties – Örebro, Halland and Skåne. The main questions at issue are how the inspection is executed, if there are guidelines and if they are used. This essay has an explorative theme and the information has been searched foremost through email-contacts with the different authorities but also through the internet and in litterature.</p><p>We have learned that the inspection most often follow guidelines of some sort, that the inspection is pre-announced and that the inspectors foremost looks at documentation, routines, staff and how the treatment is carried out. The inspections do what is intended, but we feel that the intention is insufficient. We have also found that the client is not the focus of the inspection, at least not the primary one. The cost for treatment starts at 1500 krona per day and night, but is often higher. Concerning what the county administrative board and the local authorities think about the result of treatment, we have found that they do not really know what the result is and they do not answer what they personally think. Our conclusions are that the inspection does not work the way it ought to since the most important thing – the result of treatment – has not been evaluated enough. Good guidelines exists but are not used sufficiently. Also, not all use the same guidelines which we find strange since it all concerns the same kind of treatment.</p>