This qualitative study aimed to identify how personnel working in a residential home in Sweden work withCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) orientation within the organization. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five personnel. The research questions were; How do the personnel describe the CBT orientation? How do the personnel describe the CBT tools and methods? How do the personnel describe and measure the implementation of CBT? The results were analyzed an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) tool in order to gain a greater understanding of the data. The theories used to analyze the results were the learning theory, attachment theory and New Public Management (NPM). The results of this study indicate that CBT was incorporated in the daily lives of the residents throughout the course of the day and the personnel described common methods such as Aggression Replacement Therapy (ART), Dialectal Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur samtalsledarna upplever den utbildning de fåttsamt vad som påverkar arbetet med att bemöta de ensamkommande ungdomarna i frågor kring sex och samlevnad. För att uppnå studiens syfte används en kvalitativ metod i form av två fokusgruppsintervjuer. Varje fokusgrupp bestod av tre samtalsledare som hade gått grundutbildningen. Genom att använda rollteorin analyserades den roll som samtalsledarna skulle gå in i. HVB-hemmet sågs som en integrationsarena där målet med verksamheten var att skapa förutsättningar för de ensamkommande barnens sociala integration i samhället. I resultatet framkom att flera faktorer påverkade möjligheterna att genomföra samtalen med ungdomarna. Samtliga personer som gått utbildningen tyckte att de fått mycket nya kunskaper kring ämnet samtidigt som flera av dem uttryckte att de saknade kunskaper i hur man leder ett samtal i grupp. Flera av samtalsledarna uttrycker en osäkerhet kring vad samtalsledarrollen innebär vilket kopplas till vad rollteorin beskriver som en rollförvirring. Språket och användningen av tolk ansågs som ett hinder, vilket gjorde att de flesta samtalen genomfördes med de ungdomar som kunde det svenska språket så att tolk kunde undvikas. Den nuvarande situationen med ett stort antal ensamkommande ungdomar påverkade också möjligheterna att genomföra samtalen då fokus framförallt låg på att få vardagen att gå ihop. / The aim of the study was to examine how the discussion leaders experienced the education that they have received, and what influences the work to respond to the unaccompanied youth in their questions about sex and relationships. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a qualitative approach was used in the form of two focus group interviews. Each focus group consisted of three discussion leaders who had passed basic training. The role that the discussion leaders would enter was analyzed by using the role theory. The residential homeswere seen as integration arenas where the goal of the agency was to create conditions for unaccompanied children's social integration into society. In the result it emerged that several factors affected the possibilities of implementing the conversation with the unaccompanied youths. All persons who received the education felt that they received much new knowledge about the subject while several of them expressed that they lacked knowledge of how to lead a conversation in groups. Several of the discussion leaders expressed uncertainty about what their role as discussion leader means, this was connect to what the role theory describes as a role confusion. The language and the use of an interpreter were considered as an obstacle, which meant that most of the conversations were conducted with the youths who could speak Swedish so that the interpreter could be avoided. The current situation with a large number ofunaccompanied young people also affected the possibilities of conversations as the focus mainly was to cope with the everyday life. / SESAM

<p>Många ungdomar med olika typer av problem kan i dagsläget inte bo kvar hemma. Anledningarna till det kan ligga hos ungdomen själv eller hos ungdomens familj och närsamhälle och kan då placeras på ett stödboende. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om ungdomar på stödboendet Kollektivboendet (Kollbo) i Örebro upplever sig vara delaktiga i den stödjande verksamheten och hur delaktigheten ser ut. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning baserad på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med ungdomar boende på Kollbo och i deras slusslägenheter. De sex pojkarna är slumpmässigt utvalda utifrån ett antal sammanställda kriterier. Resultatet av studien framställs under olika teman som vi har identifierat under intervjuerna. Resultatet visade på att majoriteten av ungdomarna till stor del upplever sig delaktiga i den stödjande processen på Kollbo. Det framkommer även att ungdomarna är positiva till personalen och Kollbo, men att det finns vissa aspekter där pojkarna upplever att delaktigheten brister.</p> / <p>Many young people with different types of problems can at present not live at home. The reasons to it can lie at the youth alone or at the youth’s family and near society and can then be placed on a supportive residential home. The study's purpose is to examine whether young people on Kollektivboendet (Kollbo) in Örebro are to be involved in supporting activities and how the participation looks. The study is a qualitative survey, based on six semi structured interviews with young people living at the supportive residential home Kollbo and in their sluice-gate apartments. The six boys are randomly selected from a number of consolidated criteria. The results of the study are produced under different themes that we have identified during the interviews. The results showed that the majority of young people largely feel involved in the supporting process around themselves at Kollbo. It is found that young people feel positive towards the staff and Kollbo, but that there are certain aspects where the boys experiences that the participation deficiencies.</p>

This master thesis deals with the issue of expectations of relatives of residential care clients in the concrete Residential home, and it also discusses the topic of communication between relatives of those clients and employees from this organization. First of all, the thesis describes the theoretical basis of the issue, while the attention is paid to the term of old age and possibilities of an elderly support. Than the process of transition to a residential home is described, as well as the possibilities of cooperation between the staff and clients' relatives. The aim of this thesis is to through semi-structured interviews find out how can the clients' relatives learn about the real picture of care in the Residential home and how it corresponds with their expectations. The attention is also paid to evaluation of the system of communication between these actors. The results indicate no expectations of the relatives about this kind of social service. The research identified different perception of communication frequency within both groups of informers. The relatives more likely rely on their own opinion in the question of getting information about the care. The results reveal 3 dimensions of the relationship between staff and relatives of clients. The first on is an equal partnership. The next...

The aim of this study was to investigate how staff members at residential homes experience encountering sexuality among the youths. The study was conducted by using qualitative interviews with four staff members at four different residential homes. The interviews have been analyzed by using content analysis and have been looked at through a perspective of experience, as described by Richard Stevens, and by applying developmental psychology. The results show that, although sexuality is experienced as being distinctly present and being a topic of major concern, the staff members have given sex-education as a means by which to raise their own competence little or no thought. One way to interpret this is that sexuality and sex-education haven’t been given a sufficient space in the work with the youths. Several staff members do experience the need of skills development in order to be able to function in the role as significant others when it comes to sexuality among the youths, and express that they would like to receive training in doing so. To a certain degree they experience situations in which they are not entirely certain how to act and which they are not sure how to handle. The result is somewhat in line with what previous research has pointed at, but does not include staff members having severe problems talking about sexuality with the youths. All participants express that they have minor or no problems with talking about sexuality and with encountering sexuality-related aspects in relation to the youths.

Många ungdomar med olika typer av problem kan i dagsläget inte bo kvar hemma. Anledningarna till det kan ligga hos ungdomen själv eller hos ungdomens familj och närsamhälle och kan då placeras på ett stödboende. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om ungdomar på stödboendet Kollektivboendet (Kollbo) i Örebro upplever sig vara delaktiga i den stödjande verksamheten och hur delaktigheten ser ut. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning baserad på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med ungdomar boende på Kollbo och i deras slusslägenheter. De sex pojkarna är slumpmässigt utvalda utifrån ett antal sammanställda kriterier. Resultatet av studien framställs under olika teman som vi har identifierat under intervjuerna. Resultatet visade på att majoriteten av ungdomarna till stor del upplever sig delaktiga i den stödjande processen på Kollbo. Det framkommer även att ungdomarna är positiva till personalen och Kollbo, men att det finns vissa aspekter där pojkarna upplever att delaktigheten brister. / Many young people with different types of problems can at present not live at home. The reasons to it can lie at the youth alone or at the youth’s family and near society and can then be placed on a supportive residential home. The study's purpose is to examine whether young people on Kollektivboendet (Kollbo) in Örebro are to be involved in supporting activities and how the participation looks. The study is a qualitative survey, based on six semi structured interviews with young people living at the supportive residential home Kollbo and in their sluice-gate apartments. The six boys are randomly selected from a number of consolidated criteria. The results of the study are produced under different themes that we have identified during the interviews. The results showed that the majority of young people largely feel involved in the supporting process around themselves at Kollbo. It is found that young people feel positive towards the staff and Kollbo, but that there are certain aspects where the boys experiences that the participation deficiencies.

Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the experiences of nurses and families participated in Family Health Conversations (FamHC) and the effects of this intervention on those families with a family member living in a residential home for older people. Methods: This thesis comprises four studies. The FamHC were structured as three conversations held at two-week intervals and a closing letter. In two of the studies (I and II), group interviews with family members were interpreted using qualitative content analysis. A mixed-method research design was used in study three (III). Data were collected through group interviews with families and by using the instruments FHI and SWED-QUAL completed by the family members. The qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed and then integrated. In the fourth study (IV), registered nurses who had performed the FamHC participated in individual interviews after they had completed four conversation series each. The RNs also wrote diary notes about what they experienced directly after conducting each conversation. The interviews and diary notes were interpreted with qualitative content analyses. Result: The findings from study I one month after participating in the conversations showed that the families felt alleviated from guilty consciences. The FamHC gave the family members confirmation that they were, indeed, good enough. Study II showed that, six months after participating in the conversations, the families had experienced the FamHC as healing because the sharing and reflections through dialogue within the conversations mediated confirmation, which made the families feel consoled. Study III revealed that the families’ emotional wellbeing had increased six months after participating in the FamHC. The families also showed an improved ability to work together. In study IV, the nurses reported that the FamHC was a useful care action in their work with families. Conclusion: The overall conclusion from the findings is that the families were consoled by participating in the FamHC. The conversations offered an arena for families to listen to each other’s narration which provided a better relationship and cooperation within the family and a greater sense of well-being for the family members. / Bakgrund: Att ha en sjuk närstående som bor på ett särskilt boende för äldre påverkar hela familjen. Familjemedlemmarna kan uppleva känslor av saknad, skuld, maktlöshet och sorg. Det finns därför ett behov av att utvidga omvårdnaden till att innefatta hela familjen som ett system för att minska ohälsa hos familjer. Detta kan ske genom familjecentrerade interventioner. Ett exempel på en familjecentrerad intervention är hälsostödjande familjesamtal (FamHC). Det är en vårdhandling med focus på familjens styrkor, resurser och relationer inom familjen. Det finns begränsad kunskap om dessa familjeinterventioner i kontexten vård och omsorg av äldre. Syftet: Syftet med avhandlingen är att ur ett familje- och sjuksköterskeperspektiv studera upplevelser, responser och effekter av sjuksköterskeledda hälsostödjande familjesamtal med närstående som har en familjemedlem boende på ett särskilt boende för äldre. Metoder: Denna avhandling är baserad på en intervention med FamHC genomförd vid tre särskilda boenden för äldre i norra Sverige. Samtalens struktur är tre på varandra följande samtal varannan vecka med skilda fokus och avslutas med ett avslutande brev. Avhandlingen består av fyra delstudier. I studie I-II användes semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer med närstående som analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I studie III användes mixad metod. Kvalitativa resultat från intervjuer och kvantitativa resultat från instrumenten SWED-QUAL och FHI, analyserades parallellt samt integrerades därefter. I Studie IV intervjuades tre sjuksköterskor med semistrukturerade individuella intervjuer. Sjuksköterskorna skrev även dagboksanteckningar. Intervjuerna och dagböckerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. iv Resultat: Resultaten från studie I visar att de närstående en månad efter deltagandet i FamHC upplevde en lindring av sitt dåliga samvete då de krav som familjerna ställer på sig själva minskat. Vid samtalen fick de närstående bekräftelse på att de gjorde så gott de kunde. Genom att dela sina föreställningar med varandra genom berättelser skapades en ökad förståelse för hela familjens upplevelse av situationen. Studie II visar att sex månader efter samtalsseriens avslutande upplevde familjen deltagandet i FamHC som ett delande i en dialog med en läkande kraft. Delandet upplevdes bekräftande vilket gjorde att de närstående upplevde samtalen som trösterika. Studie III visar att de närståendes emotionella välbefinnande hade förbättrats sex månader efter att ha deltagit i FamHC. Studien visar på förbättrad kommunikation och relationer samt förbättrat samarbete inom familjen. Studie IV visar att sjuksköterskorna upplevde att FamHC var en tillämpbar omvårdnadsåtgärd i arbetet med familjer. Det gav en förbättrad förståelse av familjens situation och förbättrade relationen med närstående. Konklusion: Den övergripande slutsatsen från resultaten i delstudierna är att genom att delta i FamHC blev familjerna tröstade. Samtalen skapade en arena för de närstående att berätta samt att lyssna till varandras berättelser. Det gavs utrymme att gråta och sörja över sin situation över att ha en sjuk familjemedlem på ett särskilt boende. Samtalen medförde reviderade föreställningar bland närstående och sjuksköterskorna samt en ökad förståelse och ett bättre samarbete inom familjen och en ökad känsla av välbefinnande hos de närstående. Hälsostödjande familjesamtal kan därmed föreslås vara ett användbart verktyg för sjuksköterskor i deras arbete med närstående inom kontexten särskilda boenden för äldre personer.

Studies show that 10-15 percent of Sweden's population, 65 years or older are estimated to have depression or depression symptoms. The symptoms of depression among elderly people are less than symptoms of young people. This could cause that elderly people with depression are not always discovered. Studies show that elderly people who live in residential homes show more signs of depression than elderly people living at home. If elderly people live in a supporting environment, can it prevent that a depression developed. The prevention of depression among elderly people is a topic that is not discussed among previously research. The purpose of this study is to examine how the unit managers of the residential homes for elderly people look at the prevention of depression. This study is qualitative where six unit managers in charge of residential homes have been interviewed. The interviews were based on different themes; how the unit managers approach the prevention of depression among elderly people and how they describe the discretion to take preventive treatment for depression among elderly people, also the unit manager views on elderly peoples depression. The study is made in a small number of municipalities which means that it can not be generalized. The result may not be the same if the study had been made on a larger scale. The results of the study show that the unit managers of the residential homes for elderly people work to prevent depression in different ways. An explanation of why the unit managers works different are based on the unit manager ideas and interpretations of depression among elderly people. Also the unit manager priorities, past experience, number of years as a professional and their views about elderly people’s depression are factors that affect the unit manager work. The unit manager views on its way to approach the prevention of depression, the political guidelines and decisions have impact on the way the unit manager work to prevent depression among elderly people in the residential home.

In recent decades, the Swedish welfare system has been characterized by the increasing occurrence of market solutions. One example of this development is the introduction of voucher systems in the elderly care. With the purpose to contribute empirically based knowledge about elderly caretaker’s ability to act in a voucher system, interviews have been conducted with eleven relatives to someone who lives in a residential home. By further focusing on the unique features of the elderly care and putting these in relation to Albert O. Hirschman's concept of exit and voice, several conclusions have been made about the individuals strategies towards the voucher system. The study shows that the individuals relation to the voucher system is characterized by emotions and social relations witch complicates the ability to act rationally towards the market.  The unique character of the elderly care also means that the possibilities for exit (to change residential home when not content) are limited, as it implies a heavy burden for both relatives and caretakers to change residential home. Lack of information about what other options are available also limits the individuals ability to exit. The possibilities of voice (to protest and try to improve the quality of the care) are also limited to the individual as this is an option that takes a lot of energy and dedication. The study shows that protracted voice without improvement ultimately makes the individual give up his attempts to influence the quality of the care. The only option that remains when neither voice or exit is available is for the relative to personally take over the care of the caretaker.

Bakgrund: Måltider utgör en social och kulturell grund där människor kan mötas i ett välbefinnande och samtidigt tillgodose sig näring. Ökad malnutrition med stigande ålder är ett globalt problem som omfattar både kognitivt medvetna och kognitivt nedsatta.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att identifiera faktorer som vid måltider är av betydelse för välbefinnande och nutritionsstatus hos äldre människor boendes i särskilda boenden.Metod: En litteraturstudie med globalt perspektiv där vetenskapliga artiklar från Canada, Amerika, Storbritannien, Sverige, Danmark, Nya Zeeland och Australien var underlaget till resultatet. Inklusionskriterier var äldre över 65 år, kognitivt medvetna och kognitivt nedsatta vilka levde i särskilda boenden samt vårdgivare som arbetade i sådana.Resultat: Måltiden ger ett socialt och kulturellt sammanhang som stärker både boenden och vårdgivares relationer. Utformning av en terapeutisk fysisk miljö visade sig vara till fördel både för de äldre och vårdgivare. Möjlighet att utöva personcentrerad vård skulle kunna förbättras enligt den här litteraturstudien. Litteraturstudien visar på att social samvaro under måltider är en stund för gemenskap och ett välkommet avbrott under dagen.Slutsats: Måltidssituationen är en komplex situation där många faktorer är inbegripna för välbefinnande och nutritionsstatus. Tre huvudteman identifierades nämligen fysisk måltidsmiljö, personcentrerad vård och social samvaro. / Meals form a social and cultural basis where people can meet in a state of well-being while at the same time consuming enough food to meet thier nutritional needs. Regardless of age, social relationships and the need for food have been linked to enhance the quality of life. Older adult´s poor nutritional status is a global problem that include risks for both cognitive conscious and cognitive impairment.Aim: The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the aspects that are of nutritional beneficial importance and the well-being of the elderly in residential homes.Method: A litterature study with a global perspective whereby scientific articles from Canada, America, Britain, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand and Australia laid forth foundation of the key findings. Inclusion criterias were elderly over 65 years, cognitive consciousness and cognitive impairment, whom resided in residential homes with round the clock caregivers.Results: The meal provides a social and cultural ambience that strengthens relationships for both the reisdents and caregivers.Three themes emerged and these affected well-being and nutritional status. The possibility of applying person-centered care could be augmented according to the literature study. The literature study shows that social interactions during meals are intervalls for gathering as well as they are welcome intermisssions during the day.Conclusion: The mealtime situation is a complex situation where multiple aspects involved in the well-being and nutrition status of the elderly. Three main themes where identified, physical mealtime environment, person centered care and social interactions.