Thesis advisor: Stephen J. Pope / The aim of this dissertation is to expand a contemporary multidimensional discourse on the nature of eating disorders to encompass also a moral dimension. Eating disorders are complex phenomena which include biomedical, psychological, and sociocultural components. This dissertation brings the psychosocial literature on eating disorders and body dissatisfaction into dialogue with contemporary studies in Thomistic moral theology, and argues that such a multidisciplinary dialogue can illuminate new insights both for the study of eating disorders and for recent efforts to recover Thomistic moral theology in a contemporary context. Beginning empirically, the dissertation examines recent evidence showing that exposure to &ldquo;thin-ideal images&rdquo; in the mass media is positively correlated with an increase in body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptomatology. Socioculturally, the explanation for this phenomenon is called &ldquo;thin-ideal internalization,&rdquo; and basically measures the extent to which individuals &ldquo;buy into&rdquo; the validity of images using ultra-thin female models as a paradigm of beauty. Women who have a high level of internalization desire to conform to a thin-ideal, and behave accordingly, even when they are rationally aware of the unrealistic and unhealthy nature of such an ideal. Turning to Thomas Aquinas' moral theology, the dissertation argues that thin-ideal internalization is a form of connatural knowledge, an affective form of knowing (<italic>per modum inclinationis</italic> or <italic>ex instinctu</italic>) which is at the very basis of Aquinas' moral theology, both in explaining the operation of habits and in explaining the role of grace in the moral life through charity and the gifts of the Holy Spirit. This dissertation argues that Aquinas' theory of connatural knowledge provides a relevant and constructive contribution to the study of eating disorders, especially on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptamatology. Additionally, the incorporation of the psychosocial literature on eating disorders into Thomistic moral theology provide a valuable contribution to Thomistic moral theology in the effort to understand the role of the affections in moral deliberation, the development of habits, and the importance of Christian practices in the moral life. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the same murder case is being portrayedin three of Swedens biggest true crime podcasts; P3 Dokumentär, True Crime Sweden and Mordpodden. The case that has been studied is the murder of 15 year old Therese Johansson Rojo who was killed in June 2009. She was found dead in a forest in Stureby, Stockholm in Sweden and later on a 16 year old boy and his 16 year old girlfriend got arrested for the murder. Both of them were found guilty, the boy for murder and the girl for conspiracy to commit murder. The study examined similarities and differences in how the three main characters are described in the different podcasts and how gender is being represented. To achieve valid and reliable arguments and results, we have supported our statements in theories and previous research related to crime, gender and framing inmedia. The method that has been used in this study is a qualitative study including toolsas lexicality, modality and rhetoric. The analysis is divided in three parts, one for each main character and with two themes for each part, how their looks and personality are described in the different podcasts. The analysis showed that all three podcasts portray the main characters in similar ways. There is a lot of focus on the looks of the victim, Therese who is being portrayed as a stereotypic girl. She is also described as the ideal victim as a young and innocent girl. The mainly focus is however, especially in Mordpodden and in True crime Sweden, on the 16 year old girl and 16 year old boy and their relationship with each other. The boy and the girl are being described with dichotomies and are not portrayed, unlike Therese, as typical gender stereotypes. The 16 year old girl is mostly described as controlling and the boy is often described as an innocent victim. This means that the girl is being portrayed as masculine and the boy as feminin. By describing Thereseas the ideal victim and the perpetrators based on dichotomies, the podcasts create gender, based on Fagerström and Nilssons (2008) theory about how gender is being created.

The aim of this work is to study rings of algebroid Gorenstein rings. We explore more deeply the symmetry that exists among the sets of values of a fractional ideal and that of its dual and also to express the codimension of a fractional ideal in terms of the maximal points of the value set of the ideal. We apply the formulas we obtained to express the Tjurina number of a complete intersection curve in terms of invariants of its components and the maximal points of the set of values of the Kähler differentials on the curve. / O objetivo desse trabalho é o estudo dos anéis de curvas algebróides de Gorenstein. Expolramos mais aprofundadamente a simetria que existe entre os conjuntos de valores de um ideal fracionário e de seu dual e também expressar a codimensão de um ideal fracionário em função dos pontos maximais de seu conjunto de valores. Aplicamos as fórmulas obtidas para relacionar o número de Tjurina de uma curva de interseção completa com certos invariantes de suas componentes e dos pontos maximais do conjunto de valores das diferenciais de Kähler sobre a curva.

The aim of this thesis is to look closer at the phenomena Snapchat dysmorphia and the underlying aspects of what it involves. I have done this by using Karen Barads concept of intra-action, agency and discourse together with glitch theory. Through a materialistic influenced discourse analysis of several videos of young people discussing the phenomena I have seen how discourses on femininity play a crucial part in the making and taking of selfies. I have found that young women taking lots of selfies do this as a part of a selfie making practice that is a part of a selfie culture. By deconstructing the phenomena and what parts that play a part in it I could see what the underlying features was for example discourses on femininity and ideals but also the normalization of plastic surgery and image editing on social media.

Les Républiques soeurs, sont les républiques créées, aux Pays-Bas, en Italie, et en Suisse, pendant la Révolution, grâce à l'intervention militaire française et dont la constitution s'inspire fortement de celle du Directoire. Parmi ces dix constitutions datées de 1796 à 1799, certaines ont été simplement octroyées par la France, d'autres ont été adoptées plus librement. A ce moment où les puissances européennes font face à l'expansion de la Grande nation, celle-ci veut être entourée de républiques faites à son image, alliées, et même dociles, afin de se constituer un glacis protecteur. Ces constitutions sont donc établies grâce à la force des armes françaises, mais elles sont censées réaliser la liberté des peuples révolutionnés. Ces derniers, libérés d'une tutelle étrangère, ou d'un système inégalitaire, doivent connaître une émancipation à travers l'idéal républicain exprimé dans les constitutions. Or, la Constitution de l'an III, qui leur a servi de modèle, est elle-même la traduction d'un dilemme. Les Thermidoriens veulent clore l'épisode jacobin, tout en maintenant les acquis républicains. Les Républiques soeurs sont ainsi souvent décrites comme le lieu des expérimentations constitutionnelles qui ne peuvent être menées en France. Il s'agit donc, à travers une analyse constitutionnelle, de comparer les traductions de l'idéal républicain dans ces textes, et d'en montrer les différences par rapport au modèle français de 1795, afin de mesurer leur possibilité d'adaptation. Cette recherche des originalités des Constitutions des Républiques soeurs devant l'apport de l'idéal républicain, nécessite de passer par les thèmes qui constituent cet idéal, à savoir ceux de l'égalité, des droits, des libertés, de la garantie des droits, de la citoyenneté, de la souveraineté, de la représentation, et de la séparation des pouvoirs. / The Sister Republics were created in Italy, Switzerland and the Netherlands through military intervention, during the French Revolution, and their constitutions are very much alike that of the Directoire. Of these ten Constitutions, adopted between 1796 and 1799, some were simply granted by France while others were passed on a more autonomous basis.At a time when the European powers were unable to contain the expansion of the Great nation, the latter wanted to surround itself with Republics built in its image, allied, even docile so as to surround itself in a protective glacis. These Constitutions were, thus, set up thanks to the French army's action, although they were meant to enforce the freedom of these revolutionized peoples. Freed from foreign dominion or from a non-equalitarian regime, they would experience emancipation through the republican ideal expressed in their constitutions. However, the Constitution de l'an III, upon which they were designed, was itself the expression of a dilemma. Thermidorians wanted to put an end to the Jacobin episode, while maintaining the gains of the republican regime. The Sister Republics are, hence, often described as the place of the constitutional experiments which could not be done in France. It is then question, through constitutional analysis, to compare the various translations of the republican ideal found in those texts, and to show the differences between them and the French model of 1795, so as to find out how adaptable they are. This investigation into the originality of the Constitutions of the Sister Republics in front of the republican ideal, will deal with the themes which are constitutive of this idea : equality, rights, liberties, protection of rights, citizenship, sovereignty, political representation and separation of powers.

Le concept lyotardien de « postmodernité » désigne la crise actuelle, à savoir une crise des « méta-récits » organisateurs de la modernité, et de l’ordre social, épistémique et discursif qui en découle. Face à la tentative hégémonique actuelle de la biomédecine et du cognitivisme, qui proposent un nouveau mythe scientifique, celui du transhumanisme, et font le jeu d’un « bio-pouvoir » accru, une démarche alternative consisterait à faire converger les lectures « déconstructrices » qui, de la psychanalyse à la philosophie en passant par l'anthropologie, font droit à une approche en termes de « pharmakon », c’est-à-dire d’ambivalence du poison et du remède, entre Eros et Thanatos.La recherche des limites est la condition contemporaine de l'« individu incertain », éternel adolescent. On retrouve là la « nouvelle économie psychique » qui fait signe vers une figure clinique nouvelle, celle de l’ « état-limite » qui connaît de multiples avatars et résiste aux classifications.Nombre d’essais sur le « malaise » entremêlent clinique individuelle et spéculations sur la culture, à partir du concept-clé de « désymbolisation ». La carence de Loi et de Père symbolique semble toutefois une explication insuffisante, tout comme la lecture inverse qui pousse à la fuite en avant libertaire. Notre lecture de Lacan refuse de s’inscrire dans ce dualisme Anciens/Modernes, et met l’accent sur la catégorie d’Idéal du Moi et de « trait unaire » qui suggère un nouage du symbolique avec l’imaginaire, loin de les opposer. La symbolisation est donc un processus plus qu’un état, dans lequel le sujet se trouve confronté, dans l’ambivalence, à la question de ses limites. Il doit convertir le Moi idéal en Idéal du Moi.C’est ce à quoi s’emploient les mythes, qui étayent, tels des totems médiateurs, le travail de subjectivation, en engageant les sujets dans un processus identificatoire et « transfictionnel » qui produit des effets créatifs. A notre époque de désenchantement du monde, les mythes disponibles ne sont que de quasi-mythes « évasifs », sur fond de malaise et de mort de Dieu. Mais la littérature populaire, notamment celle qui s’adresse aux adolescents, comme certains récits de vampires, propose des « romans narcissiques », où l’Œdipe passe désormais au second plan. Elle revisite le personnage d’Hamlet.Paradoxalement, les figures des mystiques, adeptes des expériences-limites et imprégnés d’ambivalence, proches de Lacan par leur théologie « négative » de la kénose et leur parole « apophatique », qui cultive la perte, retrouvent également une actualité, ainsi que la figure de l’apôtre Paul, lue par Agamben. Sa christologie du Dieu faible, abaissé, soumis au manque, résonne comme une déconstruction. Elle ouvre à un « temps de la fin », « temps qui reste », qui suspend les identités, désamorce les pouvoirs et rend possible, peut-être, une « promesse » et une « foi » au sens de Derrida, dans une logique ambivalente du sacré où l’idéal voisine avec l’abject.Dès lors, la cure ne devrait-elle pas, en renonçant à une approche trop nosographique et trop centrée sur la castration symbolique, s’attacher à retrouver la trace féconde et vivifiante du trait unaire, c’est-à-dire laisser une place à l’imaginaire ? Ainsi l’analyse jouerait-elle le rôle d’une sorte de « chambre claire » : en laissant affleurer les « mythes ». C’est peut-être au prix du risque, celui de la chute, du « skandalon », que l’on peut espérer que le sujet se déprenne du Moi idéal et de ses pièges pour opérer un autre nouage, jamais prévisible ni assuré d’avance, et toujours au voisinage du « trou » : une nomination, un sinthome. / The Lyotardian concept of "postmodernity" refers to the current crisis, namely a crisis of the "meta-narratives" organizing modernity, and the resulting social, epistemic and discursive order. Faced with the current hegemonic attempt of biomedicine and cognitivism, which propose a new scientific myth, that of transhumanism, and play the game of an increased "bio-power", an alternative approach would be to converge "deconstructive" readings, who, from psychoanalysis to philosophy through a certain anthropology, are entitled to an approach in terms of "pharmakon", that is to say of ambivalence of the poison and the remedy, between Eros and Thanatos.The search for limits is the contemporary condition of the "uncertain individual", eternal adolescent. Here we find the "new psychic economy", making a sign towards a new clinical figure, that of the "borderline” patient, which knows multiple avatars and resists classifications.A number of essays on "discontent" intermingle individual clinical and cultural speculation, based on the key concept of "desymbolization". The lack of Law and the symbolic Father, however, seems an insufficient explanation, as does the reverse reading that leads to the libertarian headlong pursuit. Our reading of Lacan refuses to be part of this Old / Modern dualism, and focuses on the category of Ego Ideal and "unary trait" which suggests a knot of the symbolic with the imaginary, far from opposing them; it plays a vital role, allowing the symbolic to register. Symbolization is thus a process rather than a state, in which the subject is confronted, in ambivalence, with the question of its limits. He must convert the ideal Ego into the Ego Ideal.This is what myths allow to do, they are used to support, as mediating totems, the work of subjectivation, by engaging subjects in an identificatory and "transfictional" process that produces creative effects. In our era of “disenchantment of the world”, the available myths are only quasi-myths, "evasive" myths, against the background of discontent, and death of God. But popular literature, especially the one which is aimed at adolescents, like some vampire stories, offers "narcissistic romances", where Oedipus is now in the background. It revisits the character of Hamlet.Paradoxically, the figures of the mystics, adepts of limit-experiences and impregnated with ambivalence, close to Lacan by their "negative" theology of kenosis and their "apophatic" word, which cultivates loss, also find a new relevance, as well as the figure of the Apostle Paul, read by Agamben. His christology of the weak, depressed God, subject to lack, resonates like a deconstruction. It opens to a "time of the end", "time that remains", which suspends identities, defuses the powers and makes possible, perhaps, a "promise" and a "faith" in the sense of Derrida, in a ambivalent logic of the sacred where the Ideal is close to the abject.Therefore, should not the cure, by renouncing a too nosographic approach, and too much centered on the symbolic castration, endeavor to find the fruitful and invigorating trace of the unary trait, that is to say, to leave a place to the imaginary? Thus the analysis would play the role of a kind of "Camera Lucida": by letting out the "myths".But it is perhaps at the price of the risk, that of the fall, of the "skandalon", that one can hope that the subject is deprived of the ideal Ego and its traps, to effect another knotting, never foreseeable nor assured in advance, and always in the neighborhood of the "hole": a nomination, a sinthome.

We prove a couple of conjectures raised by J. J. Seidel in On the volume of a hyperbolic simplex, Stud. Sci. Math. Hung. (21, 243249, 1986). These conjectures concern the volume of ideal hyperbolic tetrahedra in hyperbolic 3-space and are related to the following general framework. Since explicit formulae for geometric quantities in hyperbolic space (distance, area, volume, etc.) typically involve sophisticated transcendental functions, it is desirable (and quite useful in practice) to expresses these geometric quantities as monotonic functions of algebraic maps. Seidels Speculation 1 says that the volume of an ideal tetrahedron in hyperbolic 3-space depends only on the determinant and permanent of the doubly stochastic Gram matrix of its vertices; Speculation 4 claims that the mentioned volume is monotone in both the determinant and permanent. We are able to give affirmative answers to Speculations 1 and 4 by parameterizing the classifying space of (labelled) ideal tetrahedra in a suitable way. / Provamos duas conjecturas apresentadas por J. J. Seidel em On the volume of a hyperbolic simplex, Stud. Sci. Math. Hung. (21, 243249, 1986). Estas conjecturas referem ao volume de tetraedros ideais no 3-espaço hiperbólico e estão relacionadas com o seguinte quadro geral. Como fórmulas explícitas para grandezas geométricas no espaço hiperbólico (distancia, área, volume, etc.) tipicamente envolvem funções transcendentais sofisticadas, é desejável (e, na prática, bastante útil) expressar tais grandezas geométricas como aplicações monótonas de mapas algébricos. A Especulação 1 de Seidel diz que o volume de um tetraedro ideal no 3-espaço hiperbólico depende apenas do determinante e do permanente da matriz de Gram duplamente estocástica G de seus vértices; a Especulação 4 afirma que o referido volume é monótono tanto no determinante quanto no permanente de G. Damos respostas afirmativas ás Especulações 1 e 4 ao parametrizar o espaço classificador de tetraedros ideais (marcados) de maneira adequada.

This design project explores the complexity of kroppshets on a sociocultural and individual level. The design research has studied patriarchal and capitalist structures and looked into industries that feed and benefit from women’s body dissatisfaction. It also looks closer at media and its part in maintaining and transmitting the unattainable body ideal created by these structures. Through autoethnographic methods and practise based research this project aims to visualise kroppshets and how it affects women in their everyday life. The project collaborates with a dozen of women that have, through interactive interviews, given a deeper insight of the subjective experience of kroppshets to add to a collective definition. The design research and its finding have resulted in a short film that give a glimpse into what situations kroppshets raise in everyday life and acknowledge women’s struggle to fit within patriarchal beauty standards. Through visualisation the issue is made accessible for a wider audience, raising awareness and making it a catalyst for change that hopefully can result in a more wholesome and sustainable life quality for women.

Submitted by PPG Filosofia (filosofia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-14T20:02:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anna Paula Bagetti Zeifert.pdf: 1019814 bytes, checksum: f6e1bd5d69c2600dbb6641bd7be8750a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-16T11:53:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anna Paula Bagetti Zeifert.pdf: 1019814 bytes, checksum: f6e1bd5d69c2600dbb6641bd7be8750a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T11:58:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anna Paula Bagetti Zeifert.pdf: 1019814 bytes, checksum: f6e1bd5d69c2600dbb6641bd7be8750a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-22 / In this thesis we analyze the elements that involve the theory of social justice in Rawls, covering the three main works of the author - Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism and The Law of Peoples - with the aim of identifying, from the beginning, a social ideal social ideal), with a view to a full conception of justice. As a basis for the development of the research, the fundamental elements - basic structure and just social institutions, principles of justice and the idea of cooperation - that guide the conception of justice in Rawls, first for national societies and later in defense of a Peoples' Society. We have shown that throughout Rawlsian theory, implicitly or explicitly, both in national societies and in the Peoples' Society, a social ideal has always been present as a project for a full conception of justice. However, we note that The Law of Peoples's proposed social justice system faced even greater challenges because of pluralism and the need to architect a parallel process of justice (national and international). In the thesis, we argue that the social ideal that permeated the discussions at the national level was extended to the Peoples' Society as a way of promoting justice among peoples and bringing together societies that are in an unfavorable (burdened) situation. The Duty of Assistance, a principle built to govern relations between peoples, is the new element introduced by Rawls to guarantee and make feasible his social ideal within the framework of international society. We consider that this social ideal is anchored in the notion of basic structure and in the benefit of social cooperation, fundamental ideas of Rawlsian thought since A Theory. We argue that the idea of assistance among peoples does not pretend to be a global distributive justice project based on the principle of difference for national societies, but that the Duty of Assistance is the expression of the Rawlsian social ideal, now extended to Society of Peoples. / Na presente tese analisamos os elementos que envolvem a teoria da justi?a social em Rawls, perpassando as tr?s principais obras do autor - A Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism e The Law of Peoples ? com intuito de identificarmos, desde o princ?pio, um ideal social (social ideal), com vistas a uma concep??o plena de justi?a. Tomamos como base, para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os elementos fundamentais ? estrutura b?sica e institui??es sociais justas, princ?pios de justi?a e a ideia de coopera??o - que orientam a concep??o de justi?a em Rawls, primeiramente para as sociedades nacionais e, posteriormente, na defesa de uma Sociedade dos Povos. Demonstramos que ao longo da teoria rawlsiana, impl?cita ou explicitamente, tanto nas sociedades nacionais quanto na Sociedade dos Povos, sempre esteve presente um ideal social enquanto projeto para uma concep??o plena de justi?a. Todavia, constatamos que o The Law of Peoples o projeto de justi?a social proposto por Rawls enfrentou desafios ainda maiores devido ao fato do pluralismo e a necessidade de arquitetar um processo paralelo de justi?a (nacional e internacional). Na tese defendemos que o ideal social que permeou as discuss?es na esfera nacional foi estendido para a Sociedade dos Povos como forma de promover a justi?a entre os povos e aproximar sociedades que se encontram em situa??o desfavor?vel (oneradas). O Dever de Assist?ncia, princ?pio constru?do para reger as rela??es entre os povos, ? o elemento novo introduzido por Rawls para garantir e viabilizar o seu ideal social no ?mbito da sociedade internacional. Consideramos que esse ideal social est? ancorado na no??o de estrutura b?sica e no benef?cio da coopera??o social, ideias fundamentais do pensamento rawlsiano desde A Theory. Sustentamos como tese, que a ideia de assist?ncia entre os povos n?o tem como pretens?o um projeto de justi?a distributiva global nos moldes do princ?pio da diferen?a para as sociedades nacionais, mas que o Dever de Assist?ncia ? a express?o do ideal social rawlsiano, agora estendido a Sociedade dos Povos.

We prove a couple of conjectures raised by J. J. Seidel in On the volume of a hyperbolic simplex, Stud. Sci. Math. Hung. (21, 243249, 1986). These conjectures concern the volume of ideal hyperbolic tetrahedra in hyperbolic 3-space and are related to the following general framework. Since explicit formulae for geometric quantities in hyperbolic space (distance, area, volume, etc.) typically involve sophisticated transcendental functions, it is desirable (and quite useful in practice) to expresses these geometric quantities as monotonic functions of algebraic maps. Seidels Speculation 1 says that the volume of an ideal tetrahedron in hyperbolic 3-space depends only on the determinant and permanent of the doubly stochastic Gram matrix of its vertices; Speculation 4 claims that the mentioned volume is monotone in both the determinant and permanent. We are able to give affirmative answers to Speculations 1 and 4 by parameterizing the classifying space of (labelled) ideal tetrahedra in a suitable way. / Provamos duas conjecturas apresentadas por J. J. Seidel em On the volume of a hyperbolic simplex, Stud. Sci. Math. Hung. (21, 243249, 1986). Estas conjecturas referem ao volume de tetraedros ideais no 3-espaço hiperbólico e estão relacionadas com o seguinte quadro geral. Como fórmulas explícitas para grandezas geométricas no espaço hiperbólico (distancia, área, volume, etc.) tipicamente envolvem funções transcendentais sofisticadas, é desejável (e, na prática, bastante útil) expressar tais grandezas geométricas como aplicações monótonas de mapas algébricos. A Especulação 1 de Seidel diz que o volume de um tetraedro ideal no 3-espaço hiperbólico depende apenas do determinante e do permanente da matriz de Gram duplamente estocástica G de seus vértices; a Especulação 4 afirma que o referido volume é monótono tanto no determinante quanto no permanente de G. Damos respostas afirmativas ás Especulações 1 e 4 ao parametrizar o espaço classificador de tetraedros ideais (marcados) de maneira adequada.