Aquesta tesi gira al voltant del disseny de receptors per a sistemes globals de navegació per satèl·lit (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS). El terme GNSS fa referència a tots aquells sistemes de navegació basats en una constel·lació de satèl·lits que emeten senyals de navegació útils per a posicionament. El més popular és l'americà GPS, emprat globalment. Els esforços d'Europa per a tenir un sistema similar veuran el seu fruit en un futur proper, el sistema s'anomena Galileo. Altres sistemes globals i regionals existeixen dissenyats per al mateix objectiu: calcular la posició dels receptors. Inicialment la tesi presenta l'estat de l'art en GNSS, a nivell de l'estructura dels actuals senyals de navegació i pel que fa a l'arquitectura dels receptors.El disseny d'un receptor per a GNSS consta d'un seguit de blocs funcionals. Començant per l'antena receptora fins al càlcul final de la posició del receptor, el disseny proporciona una gran motivació per a la recerca en diversos àmbits. Tot i que la cadena de Radiofreqüència del receptor també és comentada a la tesis, l'objectiu principal de la recerca realitzada recau en els algorismes de processament de senyal emprats un cop realitzada la digitalització del senyal rebut. En un receptor per a GNSS, aquests algorismes es poden dividir en dues classes: els de sincronisme i els de posicionament. Aquesta classificació correspon als dos grans processos que típicament realitza el receptor. Primer, s'estima la distancia relativa entre el receptor i el conjunt de satèl·lits visibles. Aquestes distancies es calculen estimant el retard patit pel senyal des de que és emès pel corresponent satèl·lit fins que és rebut pel receptor. De l'estimació i seguiment del retard se n'encarrega l'algorisme de sincronisme. Un cop calculades la distancies relatives als satèl·lits, multiplicant per la velocitat de la llum el retards estimats, l'algorisme de posicionament pot operar. El posicionament es realitza típicament pel procés de trilateralització: intersecció del conjunt d'esferes centrades als satèl·lits visibles i de radi les distancies estimades relatives al receptor GNSS. Així doncs, sincronització i posicionament es realitzen de forma seqüencial i ininterrompudament. La tesi fa contribucions a ambdues parts, com explicita el subtítol del document.Per una banda, la tesi investiga l'ús del filtrat Bayesià en el seguiment dels paràmetres de sincronisme (retards, desviaments Doppler i phases de portadora) del senyal rebut. Una de les fonts de degradació de la precisió en receptors GNSS és la presència de repliques del senyal directe, degudes a rebots en obstacles propers. És per això que els algorismes proposats en aquesta part de la tesi tenen com a objectiu la mitigació de l'efecte multicamí. La dissertació realitza una introducció dels fonaments teòrics del filtrat Bayesià, incloent un recull dels algorismes més populars. En particular, el Filtrat de Partícules (Particle Filter, PF) s'estudia com una de les alternatives més interessants actualment per a enfrontar-se a sistemes no-lineals i/o no-Gaussians. Els PF són mètodes basats en el mètode de Monte Carlo que realitzen una caracterització discreta de la funció de probabilitat a posteriori del sistema. Al contrari d'altres mètodes basats en simulacions, els PF tenen resultats de convergència que els fan especialment atractius en casos on la solució òptima no es pot trobar. En aquest sentit es proposa un PF que incorpora un seguit de característiques que el fan assolir millors prestacions i robustesa que altres algorismes, amb un nombre de partícules reduït. Per una banda, es fa un seguiment dels estats lineals del sistema mitjançant un Filtre de Kalman (KF), procediment conegut com a Rao-Blackwellization. Aquest fet provoca que la variància de les partícules decreixi i que un menor nombre d'elles siguin necessàries per a assolir una certa precisió en l'estimació de la distribució a posteriori. D'altra banda, un dels punts crítics en el disseny de PF és el disseny d'una funció d'importància (emprada per a generar les partícules) similar a l'òptima, que resulta ésser el posterior. Aquesta funció òptima no està disponible en general. En aquesta tesi, es proposa una aproximació de la funció d'importància òptima basada en el mètode de Laplace. Paral·lelament es proposen algorismes com l'Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) i l'Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), comparant-los amb el PF proposat mitjançant simulacions numèriques.Per altra banda, la presentació d'un nou enfocament al problema del posicionament és una de les aportacions originals de la tesi. Si habitualment els receptors operen en dos passos (sincronització i posicionament), la proposta de la tesi rau en l'Estimació Directa de la Posició (Direct Position Estimation, DPE) a partir del senyal digital. Tenint en compte la novetat del mètode, es proporcionen motivacions qualitatives i quantitatives per a l'ús de DPE enfront al mètode convencional de posicionament. Se n'ha estudiat l'estimador de màxima versemblança (Maximum Likelihood, ML) i un algorisme per a la seva implementació pràctica basat en l'algorisme Accelerated Random Search (ARS). Els resultats de les simulacions numèriques mostren la robustesa de DPE a escenaris on el mètode convencional es veu degradat, com per exemple el cas d'escenaris rics en multicamí. Una de les reflexions fruit dels resultats és que l'ús conjunt dels senyals provinents dels satèl·lits visibles proporciona millores en l'estimació de la posició, doncs cada senyal està afectada per un canal de propagació independent. La tesi també presenta l'extensió de DPE dins el marc Bayesià: Bayesian DPE (BDPE). BDPE manté la filosofia de DPE, tot incloent-hi possibles fonts d'informació a priori referents al moviment del receptor. Es comenten algunes de les opcions com l'ús de sistemes de navegació inercials o la inclusió d'informació atmosfèrica. Tot i així, cal tenir en compte que la llista només està limitada per la imaginació i l'aplicació concreta on el marc BDPE s'implementi.Finalment, la tesi els límits teòrics en la precisió dels receptors GNSS. Alguns d'aquests límits teòrics eren ja coneguts, d'altres veuen ara la llum. El límit de Cramér-Rao (Cramér-Rao Bound, CRB) ens prediu la mínima variància que es pot obtenir en estimar un paràmetre mitjançant un estimador no esbiaixat. La tesi recorda el CRB dels paràmetres de sincronisme, resultat ja conegut. Una de les aportacions és la derivació del CRB de l'estimador de la posició pel cas convencional i seguint la metodologia DPE. Aquests resultats proporcionen una comparativa asimptòtica dels dos procediments pel posicionament de receptors GNSS. D'aquesta manera, el CRB de sincronisme pel cas Bayesià (Posterior Cramér-Rao Bound, PCRB) es presenta, com a límit teòric dels filtres Bayesians proposats en la tesi. / This dissertation deals with the design of satellite-based navigation receivers. The term Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) refers to those navigation systems based on a constellation of satellites, which emit ranging signals useful for positioning. Although the american GPS is probably the most popular, the european contribution (Galileo) will be operative soon. Other global and regional systems exist, all with the same objective: aid user's positioning. Initially, the thesis provides the state-of-the-art in GNSS: navigation signals structure and receiver architecture. The design of a GNSS receiver consists of a number of functional blocks. From the antenna to the final position calculation, the design poses challenges in many research areas. Although the Radio Frequency chain of the receiver is commented in the thesis, the main objective of the dissertation is on the signal processing algorithms applied after signal digitation. These algorithms can be divided into two: synchronization and positioning. This classification corresponds to the two main processes typically performed by a GNSS receiver. First, the relative distance between the receiver and the set of visible satellites is estimated. These distances are calculated after estimating the delay suffered by the signal traveling from its emission at the corresponding satellite to its reception at the receiver's antenna. Estimation and tracking of these parameters is performed by the synchronization algorithm. After the relative distances to the satellites are estimated, the positioning algorithm starts its operation. Positioning is typically performed by a process referred to as trilateration: intersection of a set of spheres centered at the visible satellites and with radii the corresponding relative distances. Therefore, synchronization and positioning are processes performed sequentially and in parallel. The thesis contributes to both topics, as expressed by the subtitle of the dissertation.On the one hand, the thesis delves into the use of Bayesian filtering for the tracking of synchronization parameters (time-delays, Doppler-shifts and carrier-phases) of the received signal. One of the main sources of error in high precision GNSS receivers is the presence of multipath replicas apart from the line-of-sight signal (LOSS). Wherefore the algorithms proposed in this part of the thesis aim at mitigating the multipath effect on synchronization estimates. The dissertation provides an introduction to the basics of Bayesian filtering, including a compendium of the most popular algorithms. Particularly, Particle Filters (PF) are studied as one of the promising alternatives to deal with nonlinear/nonGaussian systems. PF are a set of simulation-based algorithms, based on Monte-Carlo methods. PF provide a discrete characterization of the posterior distribution of the system. Conversely to other simulation-based methods, PF are supported by convergence results which make them attractive in cases where the optimal solution cannot be analytically found. In that vein, a PF that incorporates a set of features to enhance its performance and robustness with a reduced number of particles is proposed. First, the linear part of the system is optimally handled by a Kalman Filter (KF), procedure referred to as Rao-Blackwellization. The latter causes a reduction on the variance of the particles and, thus, a reduction on the number of required particles to attain a given accuracy when characterizing the posterior distribution. A second feature is the design of an importance density function (from which particles are generated) close to the optimal, not available in general. The selection of this function is typically a key issue in PF designs. The dissertation proposes an approximation of the optimal importance function using Laplace's method. In parallel, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithms are considered, comparing these algorithms with the proposed PF by computer simulations.On the other hand, a novel point of view in the positioning problem constitutes one of the original contributions of the thesis. Whereas conventional receivers operate in a two-steps procedure (synchronization and positioning), the proposal of the thesis is a Direct Position Estimation (DPE) from the digitized signal. Considering the novelty of the approach, the dissertation provides both qualitative and quantitative motivations for the use of DPE instead of the conventional two-steps approach. DPE is studied following the Maximum Likelihood (ML) principle and an algorithm based on the Accelerated Random Search (ARS) is considered for a practical implementation of the derived estimator. Computer simulation results carried show the robustness of DPE in scenarios where the conventional approach fails, for instance in multipath-rich scenarios. One of the conclusions of the thesis is that joint processing of satellite's signals provides enhance positioning performances, due to the independent propagation channels between satellite links. The dissertation also presents the extension of DPE to the Bayesian framework: Bayesian DPE (BDPE). BDPE maintains DPE's philosophy, including the possibility of accounting for sources of side/prior information. Some examples are given, such as the use of Inertial Measurement Systems and atmospheric models. Nevertheless, we have to keep in mind that the list is only limited by imagination and the particular applications were BDPE is implemented. Finally, the dissertation studied the theoretical lower bounds of accuracy of GNSS receivers. Some of those limits were already known, others see the light as a result of the research reported in the dissertation. The Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) is the theoretical lower bound of accuracy of any unbiased estimator of a parameter. The dissertation recalls the CRB of synchronization parameters, result already known. A novel contribution ofthe thesis is the derivation of the CRB of the position estimator for either conventional and DPE approaches. These results provide an asymptotical comparison of both GNSS positioning approaches. Similarly, the CRB of synchronization parameters for the Bayesian case (Posterior Cramér-Rao Bound, PCRB) is given, used as a fundamental limit of the Bayesian filters proposed in the thesis.

Den här högskoleavhandlingen beskriver designen av ett IF-filter samt hårdvarukonstruktion av en ny 77 GHz FMCW-radar demonstrator. Syftet med demonstratorn är att illustrera hur kisel germanium-, SiGe, teknologi kan användas istället för den mer vedertagna men dyrare gallium arsenik-, GaAs, teknologin. Den gamla radar-prototypen vilken Acreo AB utvecklat är funktionell men behöver konstrueras om för att bättre kunna utvärdera radarprestandan. I avhandlingen presenteras grundläggande radarteori och ekvationer för att underlätta förståelsen av de olika systemblocken. Rapporten beskriver också systemarkitekturen och hur dess funktionalitet kommer att testas. Det omdesignade IF-filtret har simulerats i en PSpice-simulator och ett prototypkort av detta har tillverkats för mätningar. Ett 4-lagers kretskort av hela systemet har tagits fram i Orcad Layout. Slutligen innehåller rapporten förslag på förbättringar till nästa demonstratorversion. / This bachelor thesis describes the design of an IF-filter and the hardware construction of a new version of a 77 GHz FMCW-radar demonstrator. The purpose of the demonstrator is to illustrate how the silicon germanium-, SiGe, technology could be used instead of the more conventional but also much more expensive gallium arsenide-, GaAs, technology. The old radar prototype that Acreo AB has developed is fully functional but needs to be redesigned to be able to evaluate the radar performance in a better way. The thesis presents the basic radar theory and equations to help understanding the construction of the system blocks. The report also describes the system architecture and how its functionality should be tested. The redesigned IF-filter has been simulated in a PSpice simulator and a prototype has been manufactured and measured. A 4-layer PCB-board of the whole system was done in Orcad Layout. Finally the report is concluded with suggestions on improvements for the next demonstrator version.

Abstract Title: When book becomes film... – a comparative analysis of the book and film Catch me if you can (När bok blir till film…En jämförande analys av boken och filmen Catch me if you can) Number of pages: 46 Author: Majlinda Juniku Tutor: Amelie Hössjer Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: Autumn term 2007 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University. Purpose/Aim: To study what model of dramaturgy belongs to the film Catch me if you can and to see what has been crossed out, altered and added from the book so the narrative will fit this model. Material/Method: The film Catch me if you can and the book with the same name has been used to analyze the differences between them. I have divided the differences into three categories: Crossed out, Altered and Added. In the analysis section these have been presented in each section of the film. Main results: Catch me if you can is definetly a film made with the design of the Anglosaxon model, mostly because of its timestructure and that it portrays an action and not just a condition which is normal in the epic-lyric model. Big parts of the story have been crossed out, altered and added to make the film more acceptabel to the audience. Most of the changeshad been done to make the story shorter to fit the timeframe of a film. Events had been joinedtogether to save time but not miss anything. A character, Hanratty, has been reinforced to create a cat-and-mouse story and add excitement to the film. Other changes have been made to make the main character seem more likeable to the audience. Keywords: book, film, dramaturgy, Catch me if you can, anglo-saxon, epic-lyric

I den här uppsatsen undersökts hur greppet mise en abyme kan användas som ett dekonstruktivt verktyg i fiktionen. De tre romanerna som ligger till grund för uppsatsen är Montecore - en unik tiger av Jonas Hassen Khemiri, Sara Stridsbergs Drömfakulteten: tillägg till sexualteorin samt If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler av Italo Calvino. Gemensamt för romanerna är att de alla genom att kommentera sin egen tillkomst och låta boken uppträda i boken skapar en osäkerhet i frågan om vad som är sanning och inte i de respektive berättelserna. Sanningen rubbas och dekonstrueras om vartannat genom användandet av mise en abyme.

In my doctorate thesis, I have discussed the notion of the experience of the ethical and its political consequences. In this context, I have pointed to the central strategy of Kantian ethics that is called transcendental strategy. Transcendental strategy relies on a concept of causality, which unlike the causality that governs the laws of nature, arises from freedom in its cosmological meaning. I have discussed Heideggerian challenge to this concept of causality from an ontological point of view that gives rise to totalitarian political consequences. In relation to Heideggerian challenge, I have argued that Derrida&rsquo / s critique of Heidegger gives rise to democratic political consequences that reconcile the origin of ethics with fiction through utilization of the transcendence of transcendentality. Thereby, I have argued that experience of the ethical for Derrida induces to similar political consequences with holistic pragmatism.

Monitoring of abnormal events in a distribution feeder by using a single technique is a challenging task. Many abnormal events can cause unsafe operation, including a high impedance fault (HIF) caused by a downed conductor touch ground surface, an incipient fault (IF) caused by partial breakdown to a cable insulation, and a circuit breaker (CB) malfunction due to capacitor bank de-energization to cause current restrikes. These abnormal events are not detectable by conventional protection schemes. In this dissertation, a new technique to identify distribution feeder events is proposed based on the complex Morlet wavelet (CMW) and on a decision tree (DT) classifier. First, the event is detected using CMW. Subsequently, a DT using event signatures classifies the event as normal operation, continuous and non-continuous arcing events (C.A.E. and N.C.A.E.). Additional information from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) can be used to precisely identify the event. The proposed method is meticulously tested on the IEEE 13- and IEEE 34-bus systems and has shown to correctly classify those events. Furthermore, the proposed method is capable of detecting very high impedance incipient faults (IFs) and CB restrikes at the substation level with relatively short detection time. The proposed method uses only current measurements at a low sampling rate of 1440 Hz yielding an improvement of existing methods that require much higher sampling rates.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação de mestrado pretende abordar as vicissitudes do discurso do capitalista sobre o sujeito. Para tanto, toma como ponto de partida a afirmação de Lacan, em suas palestras em Saint-Anne sobre O saber do psicanalista, de que o que caracteriza o discurso do capitalista é a foraclusão da castração. A partir dessa colocação representada no matema do discurso do capitalista pelo desaparecimento da disjunção entre produto e verdade, bem como pela ausência de um vetor entre agente e Outro, o que demonstra que esse discurso não promove laço social , percorre-se algumas questões que reverberam sobre o sujeito, dentre as quais se destaca: se o sujeito não existe fora do laço social, que sorte de efeitos a ele resulta por freqüentar um discurso que se apresenta como dominante na contemporaneidade em que a castração está foracluída e, portanto, também o liame social? Tendo em vista que a Verwerfung é o que opera no discurso do capitalista, lança-se a hipótese de que a esquizofrenização no nível do discurso resulte na propagação do que Helene Deutsch convencionou chamar de como se. Esse fenômeno surgiria como uma suplência imaginária a que recorreria o sujeito como estabilização face aos efeitos decorrentes da foraclusão da castração no discurso do capitalista. Trata-se de um discurso psicotizante que, ao contrário dos quatro discursos apresentados por Lacan no seminário O avesso da psicanálise, não promove laço social. Se discurso é o que faz laço social e Freud, em 1930, anunciara que a principal fonte de sofrimento de que padece o homem é a relação com os demais, o mal-estar na civilização é o mal-estar dos laços sociais. Logo, os quatro discursos participam do mal-estar na civilização. Ao contrário destes, o discurso do capitalista, na tentativa de eliminar o mal-estar, foraclui o laço social. Por promover o gozo ao invés da renúncia à pulsão, o discurso do capitalista acaba por instigá-la. E, como toda pulsão é pulsão de morte, não é outra coisa senão o empuxo mortífero ao gozo que o discurso do capitalismo produz. A potência que o discurso do capitalista adquiriu na contemporaneidade é analisada a partir de sua íntima relação com o discurso da ciência. A partir de algumas colocações de Hannah Arendt acerca da banalidade do mal presente em um sistema totalitário como o nazista, cogita-se a hipótese de que a aliança entre os discursos do capitalista e da ciência resulte no surgimento de uma nova forma de totalitarismo: o totalitarismo de consumo. / This dissertation aims to address the vicissitudes of the discourse of the capitalist on the subject. For this purpose, it takes as a starting point Lacan statement in his lectures at Saint-Anne on The psychoanalysts knowledge, that what characterizes the discourse of the capitalist is the foreclosure of castration. From this statement - represented in the matheme of the discourse of the capitalist by the disappearance of the disjunction between product and truth, and by the absence of a vector between the agent and the Other, which shows that this discourse does not promote social bond - it traverses some issues that reverberate on the subject, among which stands out: if the subject does not exist apart from the social bond, what sort of effects does he suffer by following a discourse - which appears to be dominant in contemporary society - in which castration is foreclosed and, therefore, also the social bond? Since the Verwerfung is what functions in the discourse of the capitalist, there is the hypothesis that schizophrenizing at the level of the discourse could spread what Helene Deutsch conventionally called as if (als ob). This phenomenon emerges as an imaginary supplementation used by the subject to reach stabilization in view of the effects of castration foreclosure in the discourse of the capitalist. This is a psychosis-inducing discourse that, unlike the four discourses introduced by Lacan at the seminar Psychoanalysis Upside-Down, promotes no social bonding. If the discourse is what promotes social bond and Freud in 1930, announced that the main reason why men suffer is due to the relationship with others, the malaise in civilization is the malaise of social bonds. Thus, the four discourses participate in the malaise of civilization. Unlike these, the discourse of the capitalist, in an attempt to eliminate the malaise, forecloses the social bond. As it promotes enjoyment rather than the renunciation of drive, the discourse of the capitalist eventually instigate it. And, as every drive is a death drive, the discourse of the capitalist produces nothing but the deadly thrust to enjoyment. The power the discourse of the capitalist acquired in contemporary society is analyzed from its close relationship with the discourse of science. From some statements of Hannah Arendt on the banality of evil present in a totalitarian system, such as the Nazi, there is the hypothesis that the alliance between the discourses of the capitalist, and science results in the emergence of a new form of totalitarianism: the totalitarianism of consumption.

No description available.

abstract: Eosinophils are innate immune cells that are most commonly associated with parasite infection and allergic responses. Recent studies, though, have identified eosinophils as cells with diverse effector functions at baseline and in disease. Eosinophils in specific tissue immune environments are proposed to promote unique and specific effector functions, suggesting these cells have the capacity to differentiate into unique subtypes. The studies here focus on defining these subtypes using functional, molecular, and genetic analysis as well as using novel techniques to image these subtypes in situ. To characterized these subtypes, an in vitro cytokine induced type 1 (E1) and type 2 (E2) eosinophil model was developed that display features and functions of eosinophils found in vivo. For example, E1 eosinophils secrete type 1 mediators (e.g., IL-12, CXCL9 and CXCL10), express iNOS and express increased levels of the surface molecules PDL1 and MHC-I. Conversely, E2 eosinophils release type 2 mediators (e.g., IL4, IL13, CCL17, and CCL22), degranulate and express increased surface molecules CD11b, ST2 and Siglec-F. Completion of differential expression analysis of RNAseq on these subtypes revealed 500 and 655 unique genes were upregulated in E1 and E2 eosinophils, respectively. Functional enrichment studies showed interferon regulatory factor (IRF) transcription factors were uniquely regulated in both mouse and human E1 and E2 eosinophils. These subtypes are sensitive to their environment, modulating their IRF and cell surface expression when stimulated with opposing cytokines, suggesting plasticity. To identify and study these subtypes in situ, chromogenic and fluorescent eosinophil-specific immunostaining protocols were developed. Methods were created and optimized, here, to identify eosinophils by their granule proteins in formalin fixed mouse tissues. Yet, eosinophil-specific antibodies alone are not enough to identify and study the complex interactions eosinophil subtypes perform within a tissue. Therefore, as part of this thesis, a novel highly-multiplexed immunohistochemistry technique was developed utilizing cleavable linkers to address these concerns. This technique is capable of analyzing up to 22 markers within a single biopsy with single-cell resolution. With this approach, eosinophil subtypes can be studied in situ in routine patient biopsies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biochemistry 2020

The master's thesis introduces the Uppaal tool. It describes the principles and possibilities of modeling and analysis of systems using this tool. It also discusses in more detail the file formats that Uppaal tool uses. The structure of the XML file used to store created systems, the XTR format, which Uppaal uses to store simulation traces, and the IF format, which is necessary to understand the contents of the file in XTR format. The text also mentions available software support for working with these formats. Next part of this master's thesis is about designing user-friendly representation of simulations traces, along with designing application that translates simulation traces into designed representation. At the end of this thesis, the possible continuation of the project is mentioned together with the evaluation of the designed representation and the application.