The building industry are currently going through a huge alteration. The introduction of BIM (Building Information Modeling). Which also implements a lot of new ways of solving problems that building modeling can cause. This report is written for Uppsala University in cooperation with Temagruppen in Uppsala. However, it contains a comparison between two different systems that checks building models. Temagruppen invested in a new Swedish adaptation of a software called Solibri Model Checker. This Software controlling the availability in building models, it also introduces a new way of interaction between different instances during a building project. The definition of the report is availability in public buildings. A building model has been designed in Revit, then imported to Solibri Model Checker who controls the availability and creates a report of certain design fault. Interviews are given to get a look into how the work with availability controls currently works at Temagurppuen. This results in a discussion of benefits and disadvantages of the two different methods. The result finally shows that certain work can be more effectively done with Solibri Model Checker. But availability contains more than just disabled impairment. Visual- and cognitive impairment can’t still be controlled by just a computer software.

A construction project can be compared to a triathlon where the building process takes place in three stages and participants try to finish three sub processes as fast as possible to reach the goal. After the first stage is finished, the next begins to eventually jointly meet the milestones that are set on the road. There are many different players in a building process where everyone can have completely different tasks and work in completely different locations around the world. This require that the information between the different parties must be correct and shared to avoid delays and unnecessary costs. Identifying, defining and structuring of information in the 3D-model reflects an organized approach where all information is available in the same location. The development in the construction industry has given the opportunity to let the information supply to be almost unlimited. BIM stands for Building Information Modeling, in design/construction models there is room for the construction industry to improve the efficiency and quality at much higher altitudes. Two systems that have grown during the BIM development is the BIP (Building Information Properties) and BSAB 2.0 (Bygg Samordning AB 2.0) which is designation and classification system in Sweden that aims to become the solution for a joint system for all construction companies. This would lead to that, information delivery becomes waterproof.  This report is a study of how a common system can be applied to the accounting of the various construction companies to be similar and flawless. The lineup of solutions in the examination are solutions for the modeling software Tekla Structures. There is also an investigation of how the mapping of a complete system that allows the different parties in the construction process to use the same terms throughout the different sub processes.

"The operation and maintenance of a constructed facility takes place after the construction is finished. It is usually the longest phase in the lifecycle of the facility and the one that substantially contributes to its lifecycle cost. To efficiently manage the operation and maintenance of a facility, the staff in charge needs reliable and timely information to support decision making throughout the facility’s lifecycle. The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is gradually but steadily changing the way constructed facilities are designed and built. As a result of its use a significant amount of coordinated information is generated during this process and stored in the digital model. However, once the project is completed the owner does not necessarily receive full benefits from the model for future operation and maintenance of the facility. This research explores the information that in the context of educational facilities has value to the owner/operator and that can be delivered at the end of the construction stage through a BIM-enabled digital handover process. It discusses the importance of the Information Delivery Manual and Model and proposes an open standard approach for the creation of a Model View Definition that combines Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) with COBie standards or with Owner defined standards. The research conducted an extensive literature review and an in-depth case study of an academic institution examining in the detail its current practices and needs for the handover of information, operation and maintenance and space management requirements as well as of the future needs of the facilities management department information system generated by the use of BIM technology. The proposed approach is validated in two parts. The first part is conducted through an online survey distributed to academic institutions across the nation and through selected interviews with facilities management staff in the local area. The second part creates a proof of concept by applying the proposed approach to an existing BIM model and then creates the model version for the handover. "

In this study, the Document Analysis Method is used to examine the ¡§Banking Services¡¨ in GATS from WTO documents and ¡§Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision¡¨ from Basel Committee firstly. Secondly, the reform and open policy on banking in Mainland China during past decades has been reviewed. Emphases are put on the reform policy on account of the process of becoming a membership of WTO. Following part of the study focuses on Shanghai banking development. The history and reform of shanghai banking is the major subject. Besides, whether the blueprint of Shanghai banking and financial center will be achieved or not is also reviewed. In the study we find that Shanghai has a blooming economy, the banking industry in Shanghai also situates a leading position in Mainland China. But there are also many difficulties for Shanghai to overcome if Shanghai heads to achieve the goal of being an International Financial Center (IFC) in the world.

<p>This report is about Adobe Acrobat 3D and their new PDF format witch can contain 3 dimensional models that are interactive. The purpose is to find out if the program and the format work in a level that is suitable for the market. To create this PDF you need Acrobat 3D installed on your computer but it only needs Acrobat Reader 7 or 8 to open it, and the Reader is free to download on the internet.</p><p>The examination is focusing on four formats: U3D, 3DS, DWG and DXF because they are the most common in the building industry seen from the architects’ way. From a 3D model exported to these four formats they where converted to PDF in different settings to be compared in different points as information and size of the files. The result where put together in tables for an easy overview.</p><p>During the work there were no big differences between the results from the different settings noticed. The differences depended more from which format the PDF where converted from. Then the program is not that old on the market there are still some things that can be improved.</p>

The research to date, of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on cutaneous blood flow, is equivocal. The purpose of this report is to review the TENS body of knowledge, in particular synthesizing the literature on acupuncture stimulation of cutaneous blood flow with the two fold goal of creating a protocol to increase skin blood flow through the exogenous application of electrical stimulation, as well as creating an engaging engineering challenge for high school anatomy and physiology students. The hypothesis developed was TENS stimulation with electrode placement on specific acupuncture points would influence cutaneous blood flow as measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. The findings of this project did not support the hypothesis of TENS or Interferential electrical stimulation, in combination with acupuncture points or not, influencing skin blood flow. Perhaps this is due to the physiological differences between glabrous and non-glabrous skin and the different electrical resistances of each dermal layer, nerve stimulation, age and gender of subject or some combination thereof. These equivocal findings may also be the result of inconsistencies in testing protocols, such as subject preconditioning or not, subject’s position during administration of stimulation, electrode size and placement to name a few. Ultimately, this report provides a summary of the research to date, as well as outlining how this research could be adapted to supply engaging bio engineering challenges in the classroom including challenges to develop a model for delivering current to muscle; develop a model for skin blood flow management to name a few. / text

Today there are many different Cad-applications on the market for engineers. Because of big building projects it has become more and more important to work with the same application or to have access to a neutral file type to be able to transfer files between different ones. This report studies the single objects and how they react when transferring them between ADT and ArchiCAD via the neutral type IFC. We have also been looking at problems during the transfer between and if there are some connections between these problems. Afterwards we created a neutral object model of a small country house to see if the objects appeared different. The result shows no differences. But looking at the problems that appeared during the transmissions they felt small and no logical. Today it is not possible to save in a neutral type without facing small problems. But with small corrections it would become possible to use IFC without any difficulties. If we get IFC to work properly it would save a lot of time, effort and the possibility to store your projects for the future.

This report is about Adobe Acrobat 3D and their new PDF format witch can contain 3 dimensional models that are interactive. The purpose is to find out if the program and the format work in a level that is suitable for the market. To create this PDF you need Acrobat 3D installed on your computer but it only needs Acrobat Reader 7 or 8 to open it, and the Reader is free to download on the internet. The examination is focusing on four formats: U3D, 3DS, DWG and DXF because they are the most common in the building industry seen from the architects’ way. From a 3D model exported to these four formats they where converted to PDF in different settings to be compared in different points as information and size of the files. The result where put together in tables for an easy overview. During the work there were no big differences between the results from the different settings noticed. The differences depended more from which format the PDF where converted from. Then the program is not that old on the market there are still some things that can be improved.

[pt] A crescente difusão e aplicação dos processos BIM (Building Information Modeling) na indústria AEC (Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção) vem agrupando atores das mais variadas disciplinas e lugares em um mesmo projeto. A velocidade com que as informações são passadas atualmente, torna necessária a busca pela maior eficiência na prática do BIM. O fluxo de trabalho necessita ser melhorado para atender á demanda do mercado em prazos cada vez mais curtos. Um dos grandes obstáculos que surge nos processos BIM é a falta de flexibilidade na utilização dos softwares, ocorrendo muitos problemas de incompatibilidade de informações dentro de um projeto. A interoperabilidade passa a ser um assunto mundialmente discutido e buscado. Foi criado um formato neutro para intercâmbio de informações nas indústrias AEC, o Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). A dificuldade ocorre na criação, adoção e implementação de um formato que consiga representar de maneira correta os mais variados elementos relacionados às diferentes disciplinas envolvidas no projeto. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação da interoperabilidade nos processos BIM utilizando um modelo físico-estrutural de concreto armado e o IFC como formato neutro de troca de informação. Analisa de forma relativa a eficiência com que as informações são trocadas entre as diferentes ferramentas computacionais utilizadas, com ênfase na Análise Estrutural. / [en] The increasing di↵usion and application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) processes in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) industry has been gathering different actors in a variety of disciplines and from different places in the same project. The speed with which information is passed today demands the search for greater efficiency in the BIM practice. The workflow needs to be improved to meet market demand in increasingly short deadlines. One of the major obstacles that arise in the BIM process is the lack of flexibility in the use of programs, occurring many information incompatibility issues within a project. Interoperability becomes a subject discussed around the world and pursued. A neutral format was created to exchange information in the AEC industry, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The difficulty occurs in the creation, adoption and implementation of a format that can represent correctly the various elements related to the di↵erent disciplines involved in the project. This work aims to evaluate the interoperability in BIM processes using a reinforced concrete physical-structural model using the IFC as a neutral format for information exchange. Analyzes the efficiency with which information is exchanged between different computer tools, emphasizing the Structural Analysis.

This dissertation thesis are concerned about the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analyses inside of the Building Information Models (BIM). BIM and GIS are compared from different points of view like data organization, geometry types and modelling paradigms. Results of this comparisons are applied in the first case study where BIM data in IFC format are converted to the SHP format usable for spatial analyses in GIS. The results of the case study are evaluated and new approach for spatial analyses in BIM models is proposed based on the results. The new proposed approach is based on the semantic relations existing in the BIM models. Thesis are concluded with the future development which is in line with authors actual focus.