Todros ben Meschoullam den David Todrosi (Arles 1314- ?) traducteur à Arles, de 1330 à 1340, est un des derniers protagonistes du mouvement de traduction de l’arabe à l’hébreu qui caractérise l’histoire intellectuelle juive en Provence au Moyen-Âge. L’édition que nous proposons ici, est sa traduction hébraïque du Commentaire Moyen d’Averroès à la Poétique d’Aristote comparé avec le texte arabe de départ et traduite, pour la première fois, en langue française. L’analyse comparée du corpus oriental du Commentaire a été d’une grande importance pour saisir les spécificités intrinsèques de la traduction hébraïque de Todrosi. La thèse comprend, l’étude du contexte philosophique dont Todros Todrosi a travaillé, l’étude de la version hébraïque du Commentaire, ainsi si que son édition accompagnée par et l’analyse paléographique et codicologique des manuscrits hébreux. / Todros Meshullam ben David den Todrosi (Arles 1314-?) Translator in Arles between 1330 and 1340, is one of the last translators who took part to the Arabic translation movement that characterizes Hebrew Jewish intellectual history in Provence in the Middle Age. The critical edition we propose here is the Hebrew translation of the Middle Commentary of Averroes on Aristotle’s Poetics, compared with the Arabic text and translated for the first time in French. A Comparative analysis of the oriental corpus of the Commentary enable us to grasp the intrinsic characteristics of the Hebrew translation of Todrosi and the particular context in which the translation was done. The thesis includes the study of the intellectual context in which Todros Todrosi worked, the study of the Hebrew version of the comment, and if his edition accompanied by analysis and paleographic codicological and Hebrew manuscripts.

In my thesis, I examine the discursive space of the detective fiction genre following Kasai Kiyoshi's periodization in his two-volume seminal work Tantei shosetsuron (The Theory of Detective Fiction, 1998). I investigate how Japanese detective fiction has developed in relation to Japan's modernization, industrialization, nationalism, and globalization, specifically in the 1920s-30s, the 1950s-60s, and from the 1990s to present. By historicizing the discursive formation of the genre in decisive moments in Japanese history, I examine how Japanese detective fiction delineated itself as a modern popular literature differentiating itself from serious literature (junbungaku) and also from other genres of popular fiction (taishu bungaku). My study exposes the socio-political, cultural and literary conditions that conditioned the emergence of the detective fiction genre as a problematic of Japanese society, stitching fantasy and desire for the formation of the national subject in the cultural domain. I investigate the dynamics through which Japanese detective fiction negotiates its particularity as a genre differentiating itself from the Western model and domestically from the conventional crime stories of the Edo and Meiji periods. Chapters One through Three of my study examine Japan's socio-cultural contexts after the Russo-Japanese war, specifically magazine culture and the rise of the detective fiction genre (Chapter I), the I-novel tradition and its relation to the genre (Chapter II), and representations of Tokyo as an urban center, focusing on Edogawa Ranpo's "Inju" (Beast in the Shadows, 1928) (Chapter III). Chapters Four through Six investigate the socio-cultural contexts after World War II, especially Japan's democratization in the 1950s-60s and the rearticulation of the genre through repeated debates about authenticities in Japanese detective fiction (Chapter IV), and the transition from tantei shosetsu (detective fiction) to suiri shosetsu (mystery) focusing on Yokomizo Seishi's Honjin satsujin jiken (The Honjin Murder Case, 1946) and Matsumoto Seicho's Ten to sen (Points and Lines, 1957) as representative works of the two trends (Chapter V), and finally the postmodern "return" to the prewar tradition in the 1990s (Chapter VI).

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Appalachia, itself a difficult to resolutely define region, has undergone the economic forces of colonialism and industrializing capitalism which allow for an excellent case study to apply Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. No American region’s national conception is likely to have been as varied and often misrepresented as that of Appalachia. From the Revolutionary American State’s invention of early white settlers as the virtuous yeoman of the Republic to the modern perception of Appalachia as backwards, conservative, and drug-addled, shifting national economic conditions resulted in a constant invention of Appalachia in congruence. Whenever the people residing in Appalachia, whether Black, white, or indigenous, either failed to represent or directly challenged the interests of empire or profit, ideas and perceptions of the region subsequently shifted accordingly. Utilizing secondary sources which have attempted to paint an overarching narrative of the region and primary sources recounting contemporary individuals’ views on said region’s people, the broad arc of cultural hegemony’s construction in Appalachia is traced in this thesis. From Thomas Jefferson’s invention of the virtuous and integral small land holding settlers in the region to Theodore Roosevelt’s shifting of national consciousness away from Appalachian settlers and into the proverbial international settler frontier, tracing the ideas of state leaders within the American Republic and profit-focused interests allows for a general timeline of social invention to be traced. The constructed timeline insinuates that one thing remained certain throughout Appalachian history: constantly changing perceptions of the region almost directly followed changing economic and political agendas. Further, after an exploration of how Black and white Appalachians indeed presented a counter-hegemonic movement necessarily connected with the rest of the nation in the form of the Mine Wars, Appalachia as a proverbial helpless region apart is argued to be ultimately a false conception. In response to this conclusion, a responsibility arises for those with the power of narrative and cultural production. Meaning, as academics or scholars, those Antonio Gramsci deemed the intellectual base of any given economic class, conscious counter-narrative production steeped in consciousness of exploitation and class antagonisms becomes objectively necessary. In fact, this work concludes, without an intellectual counter to dominant minority economic interests, social invention of often exploited regions will and do continue unabashed and unopposed.

This thesis examines the study of national character through the work of the psychologist Erich Fromm, the sociologist David Riesman, and the historian David Potter. Above all Intend to provide a critical exegesis of the three thinkers will relate them to one another by discussing the Interconnections In their thought, beginning with Fromm's social psychological theory of character, turning to Riesman's theory of sociology and, finally, Potter's theory of American history. Each, I argue, must be studied in the context his time--above all the climate of horror and uncertainty at mid-century.

This thesis approaches eighteenth-century utopian thinking from a new methodological angle, namely by utilising the Reception Reader, an open-access text reuse detection tool, to study a sub-corpus of 39 utopian works available in ECCO (Eighteenth Century Collections Online), the largest collection of digitised eighteenth-century texts printed in the British and Irish Isles. As the first study of text reuse in utopian thinking, this thesis shows that text reuse detection is a viable method for gaining new insights into eighteenth-century utopian thinking. Engaging with existing theories of text reuse in historical materials, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework that is particularly suited for the study of text reuse in eighteenth-century books, with an emphasis on the interrelationship between text reuse and contemporary print culture. This thesis argues that an investigation of text reuse patterns at three interconnected levels—reflecting print culture, genre popularity, and individual authors’ persuasive strategies—results in a better understanding of the presence and purpose of text reuse in eighteenth-century utopian works. This thesis posits that text reuse was often a deliberate choice on the part of the author to signal belonging to a shared intellectual tradition, and, most importantly, to support the overall critical aim of the utopian work. Individual instances of text reuse in utopian works are signs of deliberate or unintentional engagement with the culture that surrounded these works. A more nuanced interpretation of how utopian thinking interacted with contemporary print culture is crucial for recognising why utopian thinking continued to be prevalent throughout the eighteenth century.

This thesis examines Henry David Thoreau’s relationships with New England-based authors, publishers, and natural scientists, and their influences on his composition and professional development. The study highlights Thoreau’s collaboration with figures such as John Thoreau, Jr., William Ellery Channing II, Horace Greeley, and a number of correspondents and natural scientists. The study contends that Thoreau was a sociable and professionally competent author who relied not only on other major Transcendentalists, but on members from an array of intellectual communities at all stages of his career.

The chapter “Regulations of a King” 王制 illustrates a new pragmatic form of governance through morality around five issues. First, the chapter practically discusses three modes of statecraft, detailing which mode of statecraft is most effective and why. Next, it discusses the importance of the existence of law fa 法. Third, it transforms the concept of ritual as a tool of governance and an extension of law. Fourth, it describes rewards and punishments as political tools to reinforce an educational and transformational program for moral quality. Finally, it discusses perhaps the most unique tool of governance, definitive judgment lei 類. Through the examination of these five issues in “Regulations of a King”, I intend to show that the chapter “Regulations of a King” illustrates a new pragmatic form of governance through morality by displaying a more practical style of rhetoric and political tools for effective administering of a state.

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