Esta tese decorre do seguinte problema de pesquisa: qual a importância das ideias de docentes sobre educação em sua adesão a reformas educacionais? A hipótese levantada foi a de que o(a) docente de ensino fundamental em escolas estaduais de São Paulo resiste às reformas, entre outros fatores, porque suas ideias sobre educação entram em conflito com as ideias que orientam estas reformas. Dada a complexidade do problema e da hipótese levantada, bem como o prazo para realizar a pesquisa, priorizou-se oferecer uma contribuição parcial ao enfrentamento do problema, concentrando-se em explicitar como variam as ideias sobre educação nas quais se baseia a prática profissional docente, segundo um conjunto de características. Como procedimento metodológico, foi realizado o estudo de caso em duas escolas estaduais (centro e periferia) paulistas e abordando-se doze docentes em cada uma. Empregou-se o instrumental teórico-conceitual e metodológico de investigação construído por Maurice Tardif e colaboradores, assim como o de Bernard Lahire. Verificou-se que as ideias docentes estão fundadas no modelo de escola clássica humanista de base científica em que o magistério foi formado e que o professorado resiste às práticas contrárias a esse modelo. / This thesis stems from the following research problem: what is the importance of educators ideas about education in their adherence to educational reforms? The hypothesis was that elementary school teachers in state schools in São Paulo resist the reforms because their opinions about education conflict with the ideas that guide these reforms, among other factors. Given the complexity of the problem and the hypothesis raised, as well as the period to carry out the research, it was prioritized to provide a partial contribution in tackling the problem, focusing on explaining how the ideas about education upon which the professional teaching practice is based vary, according to a set of characteristics. As a methodological procedure, the case study was conducted in two state schools in São Paulo city (central and peripheral areas), addressing twelve teachers in each. We used the theoretical-conceptual and methodological research instrument built by Maurice Tardif and collaborators, as well as that of Bernard Lahire. It was found that the teachers ideas are based on a humanist classical school model of scientific basis upon which teaching was built, and that the teachers resist practices contrary to this model.

L’étude porte sur la notion grecque de κρίσις, alors que les études antiques ont souvent recours à une notion moderne de la crise. L’épopée, la Collection hippocratique et les dialogues de Platon forment le corpus. Les analyses de κρίσις issues de recherches déjà menées sur ces textes étaient très disparates. Il a été possible de résorber une partie de ces différences et de définir une notion générale de la κρίσις, par des enquêtes lexicales exhaustives. La κρίσις apparaît alors comme une action qui achève un conflit et permet, entre deux états ou conditions considérés comme opposés, une disjonction, subite accélération du cours des événements qui résout les affres de l’attente. La séparation et la décision assurent le passage du péril à un élan vital nouveau : la κρίσις permet la γένεσις. Ces traits de la notion, apparus dès l’épopée, où le mot désigne différentes décisions à la puissance génératrice et salvatrice soudaine, se retrouvent dans la « crise » médicale, guérison souvent subite, bien que prévisible en partie par l’art du pronostic, qui assure la reconstitution de l’équilibre de santé. La κρίσις platonicienne, jugement ou discernement, permet différents passages (de l’obscur au lumineux, de l’impur au pur, du malsain au sain), mais aussi, plus généralement, la régénération de l’âme. Elle restaure la fécondité de la pensée, conduit à une réincarnation sous une forme meilleure, et ordonne la recomposition de la vie bonne à partir d’éléments triés (Philèbe). En tant qu’instant qui décide d’une renaissance, point culminant de l’effort philosophique, la κρίσις voit aussi sa puissance libératrice dramatisée dans le dialogue. / My research is devoted to the Greek notion of κρίσις whereas classical studies usually favour the modern notion of crisis. It focuses on the Epic, the Hippocratic Corpus and Plato’s dialogues. The existing research on κρίσις has led to extremely varied results. My work offerts to reunite these differences in order to define a more general notion of κρίσις, thanks to a comprehensive lexical analysis. The κρίσις seems to be an act which puts an end to a conflict, thus enabling a breach between two opposite states. Time suddenly speeds, and the long torment resolves. Thanks to selection and decision making, danger gives way to a new life force: κρίσις enables γένεσις. These characteristics can already be found in the Epic where κρίσις refers to various decisions suddenly bringing generation and salvation. The medical notion of crisis is also a sudden recovery even though it can partially be predicted by prognosis, which brings health and balance back. The platonic κρίσις, which is akin to judging or discerning something, allows various changes (from darkness to light, from impurity to purity, from sickness to health) and ultimately enables the soul to regenerate. Fertility of the thought is restored; the soul can be reincarnated in a better shape or life reassembled with carefully selected elements (Philebus). As a turning point for a possible rebirth, as the climax of philosophical endeavours, the liberating power of the κρίσις has also often been dramatized in dialogues.

A dissertação propõe uma análise comparativa entre os discursos de formação nacional e a antropofagia. Os exemplos privilegiados de análise são respectivamente: a obra de An-tonio Candido A formação da literatura brasileira (1959) e a tese de Oswald de Andrade A crise da filosofia messiânica.(1950). A pesquisa enfatiza os anos posteriores a 1950, os quais correspondem ao período em que Oswald de Andrade retoma o conceito de antro-pofagia, cunhado primeiramente no Manifesto Antropófago (1928) como vanguarda mo-dernista. Este período coincide também com a consolidação da instituição universitária no país. Busca-se, portanto, entender a relação entre aqueles dois discursos dentro da uni-versidade, tendo como contexto a vida universitária em São Paulo nos anos 1950 até me-ados dos anos 1970. / This dissertation proposes a comparative analysis between national formation speeches and anthropophagy. The privileged examples of analysis are respectively: Antonio Can-dido\'s book \"A formação da literatura brasileira\" (1959) and Oswald de Andrade\'s thesis \"A crise da filosofia messiânica\" (1950). This research emphasizes the following years after the 1950\'s, corresponding to the period in which Oswald de Andrade revalues the concept of anthropophagy, first mentioned in \"Manifesto Antropófago\" (1928) as a mo-dernist vanguard. This period also coincides with the consolidation of universitary insti-tutions in the country. Therefore, there is a search to understand the relation between those two speeches within the university, inside the context of the universitary life in São Paulo from the 1950\'s to mid-1970\'s.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlon Luiz Clasen Muraro.pdf: 3953260 bytes, checksum: 333edbd245f992cc56552507f56d9102 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14 / In the last years, in rooms and academic corridors or in day by day of work with clients we notice that much has if debited in the count of the propaganda. But, at last, which would be the extract of this activity? Would it be the propaganda like language of seduction, guilty or innocent? Till do I provide the propaganda with a bridge it has the promise with the education and the formation of the character of the citizen? This work tries to think about these questions and, supported in elements of the analysis of the speech of French line presents aspects of this elucidatory process, between them, the relations between the verbal language and not verbal, the ideological load, the intra-discursive and the ethos. The choice of the corpus composed by eight announcements of the Brazilian publicity that board questions on the social responsibility translates the relevance of the subject Propaganda of Ideas and Ideals, as soon as, the works referring to the publicity speech have been acting in the field of the spread of products and consumer goods in his majority. The Propaganda of Ideas and You Devise though it uses the same beginnings and techniques of the propaganda of consumer goods differ of this, so it discusses subjects of relevance for completely, very much besides the part (questions of global and less specific interest), boarding important subjects like environment, domestic violence, and childlike labor between others. So, with questions of this relevance they help the promise of the propaganda exceedingly in the spread, in the combat and in the reduction of problems of nature environmental-economical partner. / Nos últimos anos, em salas e corredores acadêmicos ou no dia-a-dia de trabalho com clientes observamos que muito tem se debitado na conta da propaganda. Mas, afinal, qual seria a essência dessa atividade? Seria a propaganda como linguagem de sedução, culpada ou inocente? Até que ponto a propaganda tem o compromisso com a educação e a formação do caráter do cidadão? Este trabalho procura refletir sobre estas questões e, apoiado em elementos da análise do discurso de linha francesa apresenta aspectos deste processo elucidativo, entre eles, as relações entre a linguagem verbal e o não verbal, a carga ideológica, o dialogismo intradiscursivo e o ethos. A escolha do corpus composto por oito anúncios da publicidade brasileira que abordam questões sobre a responsabilidade social traduz a relevância do tema Propaganda de Idéias e Ideais, uma vez que, comumente, os trabalhos referentes ao discurso publicitário têm atuado no campo da divulgação de produtos e bens de consumo em sua maioria. A Propaganda de Idéias e Ideais ainda que utilize os mesmos princípios e técnicas da propaganda de bens de consumo difere desta, pois discute assuntos de relevância para o todo, muito além da parte (questões de interesse global e menos específico), abordando temas importantes como meio ambiente violência doméstica, mão-de-obra infantil entre outros. Assim, o compromisso da propaganda com questões desta relevância auxiliam sobremaneira na divulgação, no combate e na diminuição de problemas de natureza sócioeconômico-ambientais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Roberto da Mota Silva.pdf: 984256 bytes, checksum: f3ded7afc480cba36ec62d58f077f3e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-23 / This study presents an analysis of the process of introduction of the democratic management in the schools of the municipal system of teaching in Maceió/Alagoas and the actions that transformed the teaching in the period from 1993 to 1996. The systematization of the registers of this inquiry was organized in two chapters: the first treats Maceió public politics and democratic management and the second, the democratic management in the system of teaching of Maceió, historical, reality and results. It had as objective to investigate the school impact of the schools of the municipal system during the introduction, when it take as a reference the voice of the teachers, of the technicians and of the educators administrators what were responsible authors for realization of the process. The adopted methodology leaves from a bibliographical and documentary study, through the historical registers of the actions and of the ideas that allowed to introduce the democratic management in the education in the local authority of Maceió, confronting with official documents: Federal Constitution; National Plan of Education; Law of Guidelines and Bases; Municipal Organic Law; Status of the Theaching; Rules of Schools and School Boards and Plan of Action for the Education of Maceió. It is hoped that this study can contribute to a new reflection on the educational process in school management in order to accomplish new actions to eradicate school failure and dropout, with direct management in schools and transparency in the implementation of public money / Esse estudo apresenta uma análise do processo de implantação da gestão democrática nas escolas da rede municipal de ensino em Maceió/Alagoas e as ações que transformaram o ensino no período de 1993 a 1996. A sistematização dos registros desta pesquisa foi organizada em dois capítulos: o primeiro trata de Maceió políticas públicas e gestão democrática e o segundo, da gestão democrática no sistema de ensino de Maceió, histórico, realidade e resultados. Teve como objetivo investigar o impacto escolar das escolas da rede municipal durante a implantação, tendo como referência a voz dos professores, dos técnicos e dos educadores gestores que foram autores responsáveis para realização do processo. A metodologia adotada parte de um estudo bibliográfico e documental, por meio dos registros históricos das ações e das ideias que permitiram implantar a gestão democrática na educação no município de Maceió, confrontando com documentos oficiais: Constituição Federal; Plano Nacional de Educação; Lei de Diretrizes e Bases; Lei Orgânica Municipal; Estatuto do Magistério; Regimento das Escolas e dos Conselhos Escolares e o Plano de Ação para a Educação de Maceió. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para uma nova reflexão sobre o processo educativo da gestão na escola, no sentido de efetivar novas ações de erradicação da evasão e da reprovação escolar, com gerenciamento direto nas escolas e transparência na aplicação do dinheiro público

Este trabalho analisa a relação entre ideias e políticas públicas. Procuramos entender como ideias sobre transferências monetárias circulam e de que modo se traduzem e/ou afetam os programas/sistemas de transferência monetária em diferentes contextos. Para tanto, examinamos quatro programas de transferência monetária em três países distintos o Child Support Grant da África do Sul, o Programa Bolsa Família do Brasil e o Chile Solidario e o Ingreso Ético Familiar do Chile. Argumentamos que é necessário combinar duas literaturas distintas estudos de difusão e transferência e abordagens cognitivas de modo a ter uma lente para analisar este fenômeno. A junção das literaturas permite-nos entender como ideias e políticas públicas viajam e se enraízam em diferentes lugares. O trabalho contribui, então, para compreender a circulação de ideias e o modo como estas se traduzem de diferentes formas consoante o contexto, originando políticas públicas com variações consideráveis. Além disso, para os três países estudados, analisamos o conteúdo das ideias, o que permite uma melhor compreensão dos debates sobre os programas e dos formatos adotados por cada um deles. / The present work examines the relation between ideas and public policy. We aim at understanding how ideas on cash transfers circulate and how they translate into/affect cash transfer programs in different contexts. In order to do so we investigate four programs/systems in three different countries South Africas Child Support Grant; Brazils Bolsa Família and the both Chilean Chile Solidario and Ingreso Ético Familiar We argue that it is necessary to combine two different bodies of literature diffusion and transfer studies as well as cognitive approaches in order to analyze this phenomenon. The interweaving of these two literatures allows us to understand how ideas and public policy travel and how they are rooted in different places. This work contributes to a better understanding of how ideas circulate and how they translate differently according to the context, originating public policy with substantial variation. Furthermore, for the three case studies, we analyze the content of ideas, allowing for a better comprehension of the debates surrounding the programs and of their design choices.

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<p>The question this essay sets out to answer is what role God plays in Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan, in the book “Of a Christian Common-wealth”, in relationship to humans as moral beings. The question is relevant as the religious aspects of Hobbes’s thinking cannot be ignored, although Hobbes most likely had rather secular and sceptical philosophical views. In order to answer the research question Leviathan’s “Of a Christian Common-wealth” will be compared and contrasted with two contextual works: the canonical theological document of the Anglican Church, the Thirty-Nine Articles (1571), and Presbyterian-Anglican document the Westminster Confession (1648). Also, recent scholarly works on Hobbes and more general reference works will be employed and discussed. Hobbes’s views provide a seemingly unsolvable paradox. On the one hand, God is either portrayed, or becomes by consequence of his sceptical and secular state thinking, a distant God in relationship to moral humans in “Of a Christian Common-wealth”. Also, the freedom humans seem to have in making their own moral decisions, whether based on natural and divine, or positive laws, appears to obscure God’s almightiness. On the other hand, when placing Hobbes in context, Hobbes appears to have espoused Calvinist views, with beliefs in predestination and that God is the cause of everything. Rather paradoxically it not unlikely that Hobbes espoused both the views that appear to obscure the role of God, and his more Calvinistic views.</p>

A basic assumption in the thesis is that every economic as well as political and ethical doctrine contains a conception of man, and, thus, that this conception needs to be scrutinised in order to achieve deeper understanding of the doctrine. The purposes of the thesis is (1) to account for conceptions of man within the rarely studied Swedish seventeenth-century economic thought, (2) to examine how conceptions of man and of society influence and shape this thought, and (3) to do this from a synchronous approach, by which emphasis is laid on economic thought as an integral part of the intellectual culture of the epoch. In chapter 2 is explored the conception of man as expressed in economic thought. Man is conceived as selfish and irrational. In chapter 3, this conception is explained as it is placed within a wider context, the most common psychological theory of the epoch, the theory of the passions, which is thoroughly examined. Chapter 4 consists of an analysis of the theory of householding, as it was expressed in the literature of the epoch. It is shown that this theory, not focused on by earlier research, to a large extent is a part of ethics and a prolongation of the theory of passions. The householder or “house-father” is obliged to control his own as well as the other household-member’s passions, and to maintain the hierarchical order within the household. Chapters 5 to 8 deal with the central areas within economic thought. These areas are domestic production and trade (ch. 5), the sumptuary laws and attitudes towards luxury (ch. 6), the use of the concept of free trade (ch. 7) and the issues of idleness and employment (ch. 8). It is shown that the king or government is viewed as the “house-father” of the realm, and that the core of the theory of the passions, the taming of the passions through reason and virtue, is vital also within economic thought, in which four virtues were central: justice, diligence, temperance and frugality; the same virtues as in the theory of householding.

The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the political conceptions of the monthly "Kultura" in the period since its creation until 1980. The magazine, which started coming out in 1947 in Italy, was created by expatriate Poles, who after the Yalta Agreements chose to stay in the West. The editorial board soon moved to France where on the outskirts of Paris in the small town of Maisons-Laffitte the monthly journal has been edited ever since. Thanks to the original profile of the magazine and its political philosophy it has managed to group around itself numerous outstanding Polish writers and commentators, both those active in the emigré communities and those living in Poland. Also Western authors as well as writers and commentators from other countries in Central and Eastern Europe published their texts on the magazine's pages. In spite of "Kultura's" illustrious successes and unique accomplishments, earlier research on its history has not moved beyond its initial stage. In publications devoted to the phenomenon of "Kultura" we may encounter contradictory ideological qualifications and opinions on the magazine's political profile. This is a consequence of the fact that there is painful lack of source materials and dissertations analyzing the accomplishments of "Kultura" from a long term perspective. This dissertation aims to fill out this gap by analyzing a period of over thirty years in the history of the periodical. An attempt is made to divide this history into periods on the basis of ideological and political criteria. A further aim is to define the style of political thinking dominant in the materials published in the periodical and to characterize it against the background of earlier political debates in prewar Poland. The adopted diachronic perspective and the wide spectrum of analyzed phenomena provide the basis for an assessment of which conceptions and ideological elements and values were constantly present in the political platform of the editors and which made only a temporary appearance in connection with the political sympathies of the periodical or the changing circumstances on the world scene. It should be added that this is the first dissertation on the subject to cover truly comprehensive research material and to analyze the political trends in "Kultura" from a long-term perspective. The main thesis of the dissertation may be formulated as follows: "Kultura" succeeded in forging such conceptions and theories and in chosing such political options whose adequacy has found confirmation in the postwar developments both in Poland and on the international scene. This was possible, inter alia, because the magazine managed to rise above the limitations of traditional Polish ideological and political trends and worked out on its pages a new style of political thinking. "Kultura" is thus understood for the purposes of this dissertation as a periodical, a political centre and a school of political thought.