Fatherlessness seems to have instigated a growing political and social debate in recent years (Daniels, 1998). At the core of this debate lies the questions of whether fatherlessness today is more widespread than it has been historically, and whether the necessity and efficacy of fathers is important in the changing landscape of family paradigms (Daniels, 1998). In the last thirty years, research has defined fatherlessness in terms of parental marital status, father abandonment, and father death (Daniels, 1998; Gallagher, 1998; Popenoe, 1996). Some psychoanalysts extended the definition to include the emotional absence (Blundell, 2002), or emotional unavailability of the father (Lamb & Tamis-LeMonda, 2004). Research suggests that children raised by both biological parents have greater socio-economic success (McLanahan & Teitler, 1999), seem to have an intellectual advantage (Research Center for Minority Data, 2009), and are less prone to encounter emotional problems than single-parented children (Cockett and Tripp, 1994). These factors reflect the deficit model of fatherlessness that dominated child development research prior to the 1970s (Hawkins and Dollahite, 1997). More current research focused on the benefits of father involvement and purported that fathers who are more involved in the lives of their children (Day & Lamb, 2004; Pleck & Masciadrelli, 2004), and make themselves more emotionally available tend to raise children with fewer emotional problems and better overall mental health (Lum & Phares, 2005). With society producing what some refer to as a fatherless generation (Hydrate Studios, 2006), and a number of researchers attesting that fatherlessness is a devastating modern, social trend (Blackenhorn, 1995; Popenoe, 1996), current qualitative research was warranted in order to explore factors that lead fatherless individuals to assume a fatherless identity. In this exploratory case study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to better understand fatherlessness as experienced by adult male case study participants. The study focused on the experiences of men in order to manage the scope of research, and defer to the male experiences that prompted the research. Four men self-identified as fatherless with no imposed research definition by responding to the recruitment question Are You Fatherless? Results indicated that historical ways of defining fatherless were merely factors that intensify the experience; they do not define a person as fatherless. Findings suggested that the father role, family dynamics, emotionality, socio-economic and intellectual factors, disparate ideal and perceived father images, negative emotional connections with fathers, and a sons sense of masculinity all play a part in men assuming a fatherless identity.

Fatherlessness seems to have instigated a growing political and social debate in recent years (Daniels, 1998). At the core of this debate lies the questions of whether fatherlessness today is more widespread than it has been historically, and whether the necessity and efficacy of fathers is important in the changing landscape of family paradigms (Daniels, 1998). In the last thirty years, research has defined fatherlessness in terms of parental marital status, father abandonment, and father death (Daniels, 1998; Gallagher, 1998; Popenoe, 1996). Some psychoanalysts extended the definition to include the emotional absence (Blundell, 2002), or emotional unavailability of the father (Lamb & Tamis-LeMonda, 2004). Research suggests that children raised by both biological parents have greater socio-economic success (McLanahan & Teitler, 1999), seem to have an intellectual advantage (Research Center for Minority Data, 2009), and are less prone to encounter emotional problems than single-parented children (Cockett and Tripp, 1994). These factors reflect the deficit model of fatherlessness that dominated child development research prior to the 1970s (Hawkins and Dollahite, 1997). More current research focused on the benefits of father involvement and purported that fathers who are more involved in the lives of their children (Day & Lamb, 2004; Pleck & Masciadrelli, 2004), and make themselves more emotionally available tend to raise children with fewer emotional problems and better overall mental health (Lum & Phares, 2005). With society producing what some refer to as a fatherless generation (Hydrate Studios, 2006), and a number of researchers attesting that fatherlessness is a devastating modern, social trend (Blackenhorn, 1995; Popenoe, 1996), current qualitative research was warranted in order to explore factors that lead fatherless individuals to assume a fatherless identity. In this exploratory case study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to better understand fatherlessness as experienced by adult male case study participants. The study focused on the experiences of men in order to manage the scope of research, and defer to the male experiences that prompted the research. Four men self-identified as fatherless with no imposed research definition by responding to the recruitment question Are You Fatherless? Results indicated that historical ways of defining fatherless were merely factors that intensify the experience; they do not define a person as fatherless. Findings suggested that the father role, family dynamics, emotionality, socio-economic and intellectual factors, disparate ideal and perceived father images, negative emotional connections with fathers, and a sons sense of masculinity all play a part in men assuming a fatherless identity.

Psykisk ohälsa är ett växande samhällsproblem, både globalt och i Sverige och risken att drabbas ökar med stigande ålder. Depression hos en äldre person kan vara svårt att uppmärksamma. Äldre som utsätts för en ökad psykisk belastning, som till exempel i samband med sjukdom, förluster av närstående och ensamhetskänslor, riskerar att utveckla depressiva symtom. Dessa symtom utsätter den äldre för ett stort lidande, ökar risken att dö i förtid samt utgör en stor samhällskostnad. Syftet var att studera distriktssköterskans erfarenheter när det gäller att uppmärksamma och förbättra depressiva symtom hos äldre inom kommunal hemsjukvård. Metoden var kvalitativ och hade en induktiv ansats. Åtta distriktssköterskor i fem olika kommuner i södra Sverige intervjuades i 30-60 minuter. Med hjälp av en intervjuguide delgav distriktssköterskorna fritt sina erfarenheter. Innehållsanalysen var kvalitativ och innebar att meningsbärande enheter identifierades och processades till underkategorier samt abstraherades till kategorier. I resultatet framkom att distriktssköterskan använde sin intuitiva förmåga samt förlitade sig på sin erfarenhet, då han/hon i mötet och samtalet med den äldre uppmärksammat depressiva symtom. Mötet och samtalet med den äldre visade sig även vara viktiga redskap för att förbättra dessa symtom. Skattningsinstrument nyttjades inte i någon av kommunerna. Distriktssköterskan i hemsjukvården har en unik möjlighet att på ett tidigt stadium uppmärksamma depressiva symtom samt genom olika omvårdnadshandlingar förbättra dessa symtom. Genom att stå upp för den äldres rättighet till den vård och behandling han/hon är i behov av, får distriktssköterskan en nyckelfunktion i rollen som den äldres företrädare. / Mental illness is a growing problem in society, both global and in Sweden and the risk of suffering from depressive symptoms (DS) increases with ageing. It can be difficult to identify DS in an older person. Elderly people are sometimes at a higher risk of mental pressure, when at the same time dealing with sickness, loss of close relationships and loneliness, which often lead to DS. These symptoms cause the elderly person a great suffering, increases the risk of dying prematurely and is a big cost for the society. The aim was to study district nurses experiences when it comes to identify and improve DS by elderly people in municipal home nursing. The method was qualitative and had an inductive approach. Eight district nurses from five different municipalities in southern Sweden were interviewed for 30-60 minutes. The analysis was qualitative which means that parts with meaning contents were identified and processed into categories and subcategories. The result showed that district nurses used their intuitive ability and leaned on their experience, when in an encounter and in a conversation with an elderly person identified DS. The encounter and the conversation with an elderly person turned out to be an important instrument even when it came to improve these symptoms. A valuation scale was not used in any of the municipalities. The district nurse in home nursing has and unique possibility to, in an early stage, identify DS and by different caring actions improve these symptoms. By standing up for the elderly person's right to get the care and treatment he/she is in need of, the district nurse has a key function in the role as the elderly person’s representative.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to explore the transfer of soft skills of women veterans to their post military career in corporate America in order to support their career success by helping them market and utilize their soft skills and experience in their post military career, and to better understand the employability issues of women veterans. Thorndike and Woodworth’s (1901) Identical Elements Theory was used to better understand how women veterans transferred learning in one context (military) to another similar context (corporate America) and their identification, marketability, and utilization of these learned soft skills to the workforce. A narrative analysis was used in this study along with a triangulation method that included semi-structured interviews, review of the participants’ resumes, and review of their current job descriptions. Credibility, reliability, and external validity were maintained throughout the study with member checks, peer reviews, and reflexivity. Findings show that women veterans were able to identify soft skills innately associated with the military, and when prompted they articulated other military soft skills. They also viewed their transition experience unfavorably, and believed their collective military experience, education, and skills are not being considered by organizations in their post military career development. The data collected resulted in recommendations for improvements in the Transition Assistance Program (TAP), and the need for women veterans to maximize the identification, marketing, and utilization of their transferable soft skills in support of their reintegration, and ongoing career development needs.

Trender är ett fenomen som innebär en tydlig och stabil förändring av något på marknaden. Inom sportens värld finns det en trend som varit speciellt uppmärksammad och aktuell de senaste åren. Sporten det handlar om är padel, vilket för många var ett okänt område för bara 5 år sedan, men som nu växt fram till att vara en uppskattad sport eller motionsform i Sverige. Förmågan att snappa upp och utnyttja en affärsmöjlighet eller en trend är en väsentlig egenskap för att kunna starta och driva en lönsam verksamhet och det är vanligt att det är just de som kallas entreprenörer som besitter denna förmåga. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa medvetenhet kring hur entreprenörer identifierat och värderat trenden padel och dess affärsmässiga potential. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod, varvid fem semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fem olika entreprenörer inom padelbranschen. Forskarna har använt sig av en abduktiv ansats, där teori och empiri har samlats in växelvis. Litteraturgenomgången presenterar teorier kring vad en trend och affärsmöjlighet är samt hur en trend kan urskiljas. Även teorier kring en entreprenörs personlighet samt hur man identifierar och värderar en trend behandlas. Resultatet av studien grundar sig i att tillvägagångssättet för entreprenörer som startat verksamhet inom padel skildrar sig från hur det vanligtvis går till vid ett företags framväxt. Där entreprenörens affärsnätverk, identifiering och värdering av affärsmöjligheten tillsammans med dennes personlighet har legat till grund för bedömningen av padelns affärsmässiga potential.

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Barn har rätt att växa upp i trygga förhållanden utan våld eller försummelse. Att barn far illa är ett stort problem idag, vilket är en utmaning för vårdpersonal att identifiera. Det finns många orsaker till att barn far illa och det kan medföra stora konsekvenser för barnet senare i livet. Motiv: Denna studie var viktig att utföra för att sjukvårdspersonal lättare ska kunna identifiera barn som far illa och sätta in tidiga åtgärder för att förhindra att våld mot barn ska ske. Det är viktigt att alla barn identifieras i tid och får hjälp. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa BVC-sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att motverka att barn far illa. Metod: I denna semistrukturerade intervjustudie har åtta deltagare inkluderats genom bekvämlighetsurval. Intervjuerna transkriberades ordagrant och analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Innehållsanalysen resulterade i två huvudkategorier: “BVC-sjuksköterskors svåra uppgift” och “Att samarbeta med familjer och kollegor”.  Konklusion: BVC-sjuksköterskor saknar tillräckligt med kunskap och utbildning för att identifiera och motverka att barn far illa. Det kan förekomma fler tecken, orsaker samt åtgärder än det författarna tagit upp i denna studie. Författarna anser att resultatet som har framkommit i studien kan användas i klinisk praxis för BVC-sjuksköterskor som ett underlag för att motverka att barn far illa. / Abstract Background: Children have the right to grow up in a safe environment without violence and neglect. Child maltreatment is a big problem, which is a challenge for the child healthcare nurse’s to identify. There are many reasons why children are exposed to violence, which can have consequences. Motive: This study is of great importance to healthcare-staff to take part of to make it easier to identify child maltreatment and take early actions to prevent maltreatment of children. It’s important to identify children early to make sure every child gets the help they need.  Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate child healthcare nurses’ experiences to counteract maltreated children. Methods: 8 participants were included in this semi structured interview study through a convenience selection. The interviews were transcribed thoroughly and analyzed with qualitative content analysis.  Result: The content analysis resulted in two main categories: The child healthcare nurses’ difficult task” and “To cooperate with families and colleagues”. Conclusion: The child healthcare nurses’ shortage of knowledge and education to identify and counteract child maltreatment was presented in this study. More signs of child maltreatment, reasons and actions towards this issue than what is presented in this study can occur. The result can be used in clinical practice for the child healthcare nurses’ to prevent child maltreatment.

Adolescence is a time of maturation, integration of selves, and, in the modern age, digital performance on social media. Conflicts in the identity vs. role confusion stage of Eriksonian development are addressed throughout this research, although the existing literature rarely connects them to online trends. A qualitative survey, sent to high school students, explores the tension between self-doubt and the desire to be seen. Responses indicate that teens who post on social media are attempting to make sense of their formative years via the reactions of this networked world. Certain participants show resistance to the phenomenon of the Selfie, implying that some adolescents may view it as merely a passing fad. Participants’ contradictory attitudes concerning social media and the Selfie reflect the four most recurrent themes: duality, insecurity, freedom of expression, and the communication gap between adolescents and adults.

A majority of diabetes self-management programs have been shown to improve knowledge, attitude, practice, and health care outcomes. However, in the literature the underlying causal mechanisms for the improvement attributable to health education have not been explored, especially, how diabetes educational intervention may affect diabetes care outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to identify the causal mechanisms responsible for improved knowledge, attitude, practice and outcomes, so that educational interventions can be tailored efficiently and effectively to patients who are most likely to benefit from self-care management. The study used the knowledge, attitude, practice and outcome (KAP-O) framework. The specific purpose of the study was to examine the causes of variation in the outcomes of glycated hemoglobin (A1C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), functional capacity (FC), and poor perceived health (PPH). An experimental study with a randomized control trial design involving 141 participants was conducted. The experimental group (N = 87) and control group (N = 52) were comparable in terms of demographics and major diagnoses. The experimental group received diabetes education. The control and experimental groups received usual customary care. Knowledge, attitude, practice, functional capacity and poor perceived health were measured before and after intervention using reliable and valid instruments. The study used a tailored attitudinal instrument. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were measured before and after intervention. Multiple analytic strategies were applied to examine the experimental data. The four outcome variables of (A1C), (LDLC), (FC), and (PPH) did not constitute one common factor measurement model for outcome evaluation. Results of the Independent sample t-test showed that health educational intervention directly improves knowledge about diabetes. The path analysis of panel regression showed that health educational intervention directly lowers glycated hemoglobin (A1C). The causal modeling of {(Exp_Status)-(K-T2)-(A-T2)-(P-T2)} model showed that health educational intervention also indirectly improves preventive practice via knowledge. The effect of attitude (A-T2) was greater than the effect of knowledge on preventive practice of self-care. The difference-in-differences analysis showed that difference in practice (DP) statistically significantly affects the difference in glycated hemoglobin (DA1C). The greater the preventive practice, the greater the lowering of glycated hemoglobin (A1C), indicating a better control of diabetes. The data from this experiment do not support a strong causal path of experimental effects on outcomes via knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-care. The study should be replicated using the KAP-O model in research based on multi-centers, multiple providers, and a diverse population of Type 2 diabetes patients. The study should assess outcomes more than four times over a period of one to two years to elicit the trajectory of change in outcome variables. Knowledge and attitude should be assessed at baseline and continuously improved for the duration of the study.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett stort samhällsproblem som påverkar både fysisk, psykisk och sexuell hälsa. Kvinnor är mer utsatta för att drabbas av upprepat och allvarligt våld. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva omvårdnadspersonals erfarenheter av att identifiera kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer.  Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på åtta kvalitativa artiklar. Databassökningar har genomförts i PubMed, Cinahl och PsycInfo. Analysen av artiklarna genomfördes med hjälp av Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier och åtta subkategorier. Kategorierna var: ”Sjukvårdens ansvar och organisation”, ”Hinder vid mötet med kvinnan” och ”Tillvägagångssätt vid identifiering”. Konklusion: Det har identifierats hinder inom sjukvårdens organisation för identifiering av våldsutsatta kvinnor vilket pekar mot att mer utbildning, tydligare riktlinjer och bättre ansvarsfördelning behövs. Vidare forskning behövs för att öka förståelsen kring sjukvårdens organisation och hur den stödjer hanteringen av våldsutsatta kvinnor samt eventuella förbättringsarbeten som behövs. / Background: Intimate partner violence is a big society issue who affects both physically, psychologically and sexual health. Women are more exposed to suffer repeatedly and serious violence. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe nursing staff's experiences of identifying women who have been exposed to intimate partner violence Methods: A literature study based on eight qualitative studies. Databases searches were conducted in PubMed, Cinahl and PsycInfo. The analysis of the articles was conducted using Fribergs five-step model.   Results: The analysis resulted in three categories and eight subcategories. The categories were: “Responsibilities and organization of the healthcare”, “Obstacles in the meeting with the woman” and “Approach to identification”.  Conclusion: Obstacles have been identified within the healthcare organization for identifying women exposed to intimate partner violence, which points to the need for more training, clearer guidelines and better division of responsibilities. Further research is needed to increase understanding of the organization of healthcare and how they support the handling of women exposed to violence, and which possible improvement work that is needed.