1ST Otokon, a Pretoria based company delivering energy management systems to the industrial and utility market segments, has shown steady growth since its inception 15 years ago. However, after ailing financial results, all aspects of the business were interrogated. It was doubted whether its energy management system (EMS) offering, ecWIN, was fulfilling the needs of the industry. Therefore this study was needed to identify new technology which could improve the effectiveness of ecWIN. After doing a thorough literature study on ecWIN, its competitors and the technologies currently utilised, the product was mapped to various technology management models. Deficiencies in the current software development environment were identified, including a lack of manpower and old software development tools. The empirical study entailed determining the effectiveness of the product through a user survey in the form of a questionnaire. Certain problem areas (e.g. insufficient software testing and a lack of documentation on advanced features) were identified by this survey. The numerous complaints about the slowness of certain reports and lack in user-friendliness were also highlighted. Also forming part of the literature and empirical study respectively, were the identification and evaluation of new technologies not yet utilised in the ecWIN sphere. Taking a holistic view of all this information, recommendations were made on how to improve the effectiveness of ecWIN. This was presented in terms of three dimensions: • Upgrade the current infrastructure over the next 12 months, mainly with new software development tools such as Centura Team Developer 2005, Crystal Reports, etc. • Improve the cost-effectiveness of ecWIN during 2006 and 2007, typically by utilising GPRS, MMS, WiFi and BlueTooth to retrieve information from meters. • Utilise a new business model (mainly centred on the cost-effectiveness dimension together with Linux and MySQL) which could allow the company to directly compete with other firms, even in the commercial and residential markets. A fourth dimension, consisting of technologies that should not be considered for integration with ecWIN at this stage, was also identified (e.g. IPv6, XHTML and Visual Studio .NET). In a world with rapidly changing technology, this study should not be a once-off process, but should be undertaken regularly to ascertain that the effectiveness of 1ST Otokon's EMS offering is constantly improved through the identification of new technology. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The aim of this study was to identify difficulties experienced by caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. The aim was achieved through the following objectives: investigate the family background of caregivers of AIDS orphans; investigate the general emotional impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the health impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the extent of financial impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the impact of caring for AIDS orphans on the social life of caregivers; to make recommendations so as to assist in helping caregivers. A literature review and the qualitative empirical research method were used to achieve the aim and thus, the objectives stated above. The literature review revealed the following difficulties experienced by caregivers of AIDS orphans: lack of knowledge regarding the formal adoption of orphans; lengthy process administered by an increasingly overstretched system; bad behaviour by orphans; stress resulting to poor physical and mental health, strained personal relationships and lowering of standards of care; poverty; "role strain" and "identity"; interpersonal and family conflicts; isolation and fear for the future; excessive workload of having to care for children; and stigma and discrimination relating to HIV/AIDS. However, this study highlighted the following difficulties: poverty; stress and depression; family fights; adoption; bad influence on orphans by neighbours; education; lack of training; lack of social services support; lack of community support structures; and lack of prior planning by orphans' parents. The conclusions drawn from this study are that there were similar problems revealed in this study to those identified in the literature. For example, both literature and this study revealed poverty, stress and interpersonal and family conflicts as major problems experienced by caregivers. Grandparents and other family members who were caregivers in this study did not see "role strain" and "identity" as major stumbling blocks. Stigma and isolation were also some of the problems not directly experienced by most caregivers. However, it was evident that lack of involvement of some of these caregivers with the community, has led to their not experiencing stigmatisation and isolation. The following recommendations were made: caregivers should be given adequate training on how to use the grants given to orphans; researchers should use their research findings to influence government policy regarding termination of grants for orphans, that is, as long as orphans are still attending school or university, grants should not be terminated; universities and government should set aside special bursaries or study loans for orphans at universities, and these loans must only be paid when the orphans are in the position to do so; government should make extra funds available to give to caregivers as incentives; Social Welfare Department should be strengthen so that free counselling could be given to caregivers whenever is necessary; School-Based Support Teams (SBST) committees in schools should be capacitated and empowered; capacitate and empower non -governmental organisations (NGOs); and there should be a strong interaction between schools, NGOs, social workers, nurses and police. Limitations of the current study were also identified. This study could not show with absolute certainty whether the problems identified are related to orphanhood in general, rather than orphanhood by HIV/AIDS. Thus it was deemed necessary in future to have a comparison group of caregivers of orphans due to reasons other than HIV/AIDS. Other limitations included reliance on one population race. The study cannot ascertain whether these findings can be applicable to caregivers from other race groups such as white or coloured races. South Africa is a multicultural society with different norms and values. Thus, the way we react to certain stimuli might be influenced to a large extent by our customs and values. Further limitations included reliance on one specific type of caregiving. The study did not explore other type such as orphanages, but concentrated on what is regarded as the traditional safety net. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

The aim of this study was to identify difficulties experienced by caregivers of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. The aim was achieved through the following objectives: investigate the family background of caregivers of AIDS orphans; investigate the general emotional impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the health impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the extent of financial impact of caring for AIDS orphans on caregivers; investigate the impact of caring for AIDS orphans on the social life of caregivers; to make recommendations so as to assist in helping caregivers. A literature review and the qualitative empirical research method were used to achieve the aim and thus, the objectives stated above. The literature review revealed the following difficulties experienced by caregivers of AIDS orphans: lack of knowledge regarding the formal adoption of orphans; lengthy process administered by an increasingly overstretched system; bad behaviour by orphans; stress resulting to poor physical and mental health, strained personal relationships and lowering of standards of care; poverty; "role strain" and "identity"; interpersonal and family conflicts; isolation and fear for the future; excessive workload of having to care for children; and stigma and discrimination relating to HIV/AIDS. However, this study highlighted the following difficulties: poverty; stress and depression; family fights; adoption; bad influence on orphans by neighbours; education; lack of training; lack of social services support; lack of community support structures; and lack of prior planning by orphans' parents. The conclusions drawn from this study are that there were similar problems revealed in this study to those identified in the literature. For example, both literature and this study revealed poverty, stress and interpersonal and family conflicts as major problems experienced by caregivers. Grandparents and other family members who were caregivers in this study did not see "role strain" and "identity" as major stumbling blocks. Stigma and isolation were also some of the problems not directly experienced by most caregivers. However, it was evident that lack of involvement of some of these caregivers with the community, has led to their not experiencing stigmatisation and isolation. The following recommendations were made: caregivers should be given adequate training on how to use the grants given to orphans; researchers should use their research findings to influence government policy regarding termination of grants for orphans, that is, as long as orphans are still attending school or university, grants should not be terminated; universities and government should set aside special bursaries or study loans for orphans at universities, and these loans must only be paid when the orphans are in the position to do so; government should make extra funds available to give to caregivers as incentives; Social Welfare Department should be strengthen so that free counselling could be given to caregivers whenever is necessary; School-Based Support Teams (SBST) committees in schools should be capacitated and empowered; capacitate and empower non -governmental organisations (NGOs); and there should be a strong interaction between schools, NGOs, social workers, nurses and police. Limitations of the current study were also identified. This study could not show with absolute certainty whether the problems identified are related to orphanhood in general, rather than orphanhood by HIV/AIDS. Thus it was deemed necessary in future to have a comparison group of caregivers of orphans due to reasons other than HIV/AIDS. Other limitations included reliance on one population race. The study cannot ascertain whether these findings can be applicable to caregivers from other race groups such as white or coloured races. South Africa is a multicultural society with different norms and values. Thus, the way we react to certain stimuli might be influenced to a large extent by our customs and values. Further limitations included reliance on one specific type of caregiving. The study did not explore other type such as orphanages, but concentrated on what is regarded as the traditional safety net. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

1ST Otokon, a Pretoria based company delivering energy management systems to the industrial and utility market segments, has shown steady growth since its inception 15 years ago. However, after ailing financial results, all aspects of the business were interrogated. It was doubted whether its energy management system (EMS) offering, ecWIN, was fulfilling the needs of the industry. Therefore this study was needed to identify new technology which could improve the effectiveness of ecWIN. After doing a thorough literature study on ecWIN, its competitors and the technologies currently utilised, the product was mapped to various technology management models. Deficiencies in the current software development environment were identified, including a lack of manpower and old software development tools. The empirical study entailed determining the effectiveness of the product through a user survey in the form of a questionnaire. Certain problem areas (e.g. insufficient software testing and a lack of documentation on advanced features) were identified by this survey. The numerous complaints about the slowness of certain reports and lack in user-friendliness were also highlighted. Also forming part of the literature and empirical study respectively, were the identification and evaluation of new technologies not yet utilised in the ecWIN sphere. Taking a holistic view of all this information, recommendations were made on how to improve the effectiveness of ecWIN. This was presented in terms of three dimensions: • Upgrade the current infrastructure over the next 12 months, mainly with new software development tools such as Centura Team Developer 2005, Crystal Reports, etc. • Improve the cost-effectiveness of ecWIN during 2006 and 2007, typically by utilising GPRS, MMS, WiFi and BlueTooth to retrieve information from meters. • Utilise a new business model (mainly centred on the cost-effectiveness dimension together with Linux and MySQL) which could allow the company to directly compete with other firms, even in the commercial and residential markets. A fourth dimension, consisting of technologies that should not be considered for integration with ecWIN at this stage, was also identified (e.g. IPv6, XHTML and Visual Studio .NET). In a world with rapidly changing technology, this study should not be a once-off process, but should be undertaken regularly to ascertain that the effectiveness of 1ST Otokon's EMS offering is constantly improved through the identification of new technology. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Cette recherche se situe dans le contexte de l’enseignement supérieur international et pose la question de l’accueil des étudiants étrangers en France. Cette question a donné lieu à de nombreuses analyses et propositions. Le contexte préoccupant d’une tendance à la baisse des effectifs d’étudiants accueillis suscite aujourd’hui un débat de fond qui amène un nouveau climat de réflexion. Les initiatives déjà prises par la France, pour l’accueil des étudiants étrangers, doivent être replacées dans le cadre d’une compétition acharnée, engagée par le système éducatif de la plupart des pays développés pour attirer les meilleurs étudiants.Pour donner une vue d’ensemble de la problématique des étudiants chinois en France, la thèse se scinde en quatre parties. Aspects sociaux : culture et histoire. Aspects éducatifs : Systèmes éducatifs entre deux pays (Chine et France. Etudiants Chinois en France Professionnalisation des enseignants du FLE. « L’Éducation » est un parcours « d’Apprentissage » qui est un passage d’un état de déséquilibre à un état de nouvel équilibre et qui se caractérise par une compréhension et des possibilités d’action plus importantes. « Apprendre » signifie donner du sens à une réalité posée comme complexe et que « Je dois m’approprier ». L’adulte en éducation-formation vient avec son bagage cognitif et affectif. Ses références sont marquées, par des attitudes et des valeurs propres. Les enjeux d’adulte en éducation-formation ne sont pas seulement des enjeux professionnels, mais ce sont des enjeux humains, c'est-à-dire, c’est une ambition personnelle et un parcours de vie. / This research takes the international Education system and it questions the welcoming of international students in France. This subject has produced many analyses and proposals. The alarming reduction in the number of foreign students is a source of fundamental discussion bringing a fresh climate of reflection. The actions taken in France to welcome foreign students have to be integrated in a hard competition where the Education systems of most developed countries are engaged to attract the best students.To give an overall view on the issue of Chinese student in France, the thesis is split into four parts.Social aspects: culture and historyEducation aspects: Education systems of two countries (China and France)Chinese students in FranceProfessionalization of teachers in French as a foreign language"Education" is a Learning pathway, which is a transition from a state of imbalance to a new state of balance featuring better understanding and capacity for action. "Learning" means giving sense to a reality standing as complex but which "I have to adopt".The adult in [education-formation] comes with his cognitive and emotional luggage. Its references are marked by attitudes and eigenvalues. This question is related to the knowledge and the authority, self-image and selfhood: one individual must step back regarding "I", "I am" and "I ought to be".The challenges for adults in [education-formation] are not only professional challenges but also human ones. I.e. it is both a personal ambition and a life course.

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de um sistema genérico de medição que utiliza o princípio das correntes de Foucault, comumente conhecidas como correntes parasitas. O modelo do sistema é representado como um circuito elétrico equivalente composto por R1 e L1, respectivamente caracterizando a resistência e a indutância do circuito primário, as quais são conhecidas por uma bobina de excitação. Já no secundário, R2 e L2, estão representando a perda ôhmica e a indutância da amostra no qual as correntes parasitas são induzidas, além de outros dois componentes, M indutância mútua dos indutores acoplados e k, coeficiente relacionado ao acoplamento magnético entre os circuitos primário e secundário. A análise tradicionalmente utilizada para este tipo de medição é a avaliação da reflexão da impedância equivalente do circuito secundário representando a amostra no circuito primário. O trabalho analisa as equações de malha do circuito equivalente no domínio da frequência e identifica os parâmetros do modelo. A partir da identificação do sistema realizada com os ensaios experimentais, foi possível descobrir a constante de tempo indutiva τL do sistema. A partir dessa constante, observou-se a variação acentuada da mesma em relação a variação da impedância equivalente. Ainda é apresentada uma estimativa dos valores de R2 e L2 realizada por meio da unificação das informações obtidas com a identificação, aliada com as informações de campo magnético obtidas a partir de um sensor do tipo GMR e pela simulação em um software de elementos finitos COMSOL Multiphysics. / This work presents the study of a generic measurement system that uses the prin- ciple of eddy currents. The system model is represented as an equivalent electric circuit composed of R1 and L1 respectively characterizing the resistance and induc- tance of primary circuit, which are known by an excitation coil. In the secondary, R2 and L2 are representing the ohmic loss and the inductance of the sample in which the eddy currents are induced, in addition two other components, the mutual induc- tance of the coupled inductors and k, coefficient related to the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary circuits. The analysis traditionally used for this type of measurement is the reflection evaluation of the equivalent impedance of the secondary circuit representing the sample in the primary circuit. The work analyzes the mesh equations of the equivalent circuit in the frequency domain and identifies the parameters of the model. From the identification of the system performed with the experimental tests, it was possible to discover the inductive time constant τL of the system. From this constant, it was observed the sharp variation of the same in relation to the variation of equivalent impedance. An estimate values, R2 and L2 performed by unification of the information obtained with the identification, to- gether with the magnetic field information obtained from a GMR type sensor and by simulation in a finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-29T15:05:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Caio Felipe Campos Cerqueira.pdf: 1859270 bytes, checksum: 2aacd1fdfe186ebcb8c0748121cc85ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-06T13:41:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Caio Felipe Campos Cerqueira.pdf: 1859270 bytes, checksum: 2aacd1fdfe186ebcb8c0748121cc85ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T13:41:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Caio Felipe Campos Cerqueira.pdf: 1859270 bytes, checksum: 2aacd1fdfe186ebcb8c0748121cc85ff (MD5) / CNPq / Esta é uma dissertação sobre práticas de jovens adolescentes não-heterossexuais da cidade de Salvador e suas relações familiares e com espaços públicos e privados. O objetivo central foi o de compreender as características da sociabilidade de adolescentes frequentadores/as de festas em boates gays de Salvador – Bahia nos últimos dois anos, com o foco em suas relações no contexto familiar. A partir da realização de uma pesquisa de campo multi-situada, incluindo locais tais como festas e espaços de sociabilidade da noite, espaços domésticos e familiares, dentre outros, constatou-se que as relações familiares na contemporaneidade tem ganhado certa flexibilidade, reestruturadas pelas novas possibilidades de se vivenciar a homossexualidade. Além disso, percebeu-se que essa mesma atmosfera de liberdade – e possibilidades -, reflete a negação de uma identidade gay/lésbica na trajetória de vida dos/as sujeitos/as da pesquisa. Os questionamentos apresentados neste material ganham dimensões ampliadas ao nos permitirem pensar a atualidade da sexualidade no Brasil.This is a dissertation about behavior of young adolescent non-heterosexuals of Salvador city and their relations with familiar, public and private spaces. Based on the main transformations occurred in Brazil, since 70’s decade, related to homosexuality and their relations with generation, family, scholar context and identity. The research central aim was to understand the characteristic of the adolescents’ sociability, goers of parties and gay nightclubs of Salvador – Bahia in the last two years, focusing in their relations in the familiar context and in the school. The young selected for this research were chosen starting by degrees of affinities and dialog with the specific objectives of this research project that gather a multi situated context of the researcher action, such as parties and other spaces of interaction between researcher and interlocutors, valorizing the ethnographic method and the study of case. This research allowed perceiving that the familiar relations have gained nowadays a kind of flexibility, restructured by the new possibilities of experience homosexuality. Besides, it perceives that the same atmosphere of liberty – and possibilities - reflects the denial of the gay/lesbian identity in the life’s trajectory of the subjects in this research. The questions presented in this material give us extended dimensions to allow us to think today’s sexuality in Brazil.

This research have the comprehension‟s purpose of the character what a negro social group at São Vicente‟s city/Rs-Brazil handled here like a pedagogic contrivance exerted in cultural and identifier process happen in another group that have had experiences about to be negro . This way, how the researched group realizes him into social context and what categories arrange his speeches given meaning to it. The theoretical approach is in Cultural studies using methodological techniques by Hybrid and Themes of Oral History and it was used minutes, documents and photos. From recurrences of narratives was determined what analysis‟s categories that discussed about these themes: The regulation‟s behavior that provides utmost visibility and admission of Negro in the society; The production of identify and apathy and to know such as they are set in motion through Social group like contrivance; The relation‟s exercises between to be able/to know; The ambiguity of color‟s speeches and the negotiation this speeches; The introduction of the pedagogic racial; and The hybridism that typified the Union club. The results of research found with this contrivance shaped by dynamic bailiwick of negotiations, adjustments, regulations, changes and alliances. It was evidenced that doesn‟t absolute true about Negro‟s culture and unique narratives too, but speeches, impersonations and social practices that vary according to the moments with are subjected. / Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender o papel que um clube social negro existente no município de São Vicente do Sul/ RS exerceu no processo cultural e identitário de um grupo de pessoas que usufruíram deste lugar-comum. Buscou-se investigar também, de que forma foi conduzido e subjetivado no grupo pesquisado, um modo de ser negro‟ e, a partir de que categorias organizam seus discursos, dando a eles sentidos e significados. A abordagem teórica insere-se no campo dos Estudos Culturais, utilizando como metodologia, técnicas da História Oral Temática e Híbrida, pois, utiliza além da oralidade, outras fontes tais como atas, documentos e fotografias. A partir das recorrências nas narrativas foram definidas as categorias de análise que versaram sobre os seguintes temas: A regulação das condutas a fim de proporcionar maior visibilidade e aceitação do negro na sociedade; A produção das identidades e diferenças e, a forma com estas são acionadas pelo clube enquanto dispositivo; O exercício das relações poder-saber evidenciando atitudes e comportamentos de reação ao poder; A ambiguidade dos discursos de cor e a negociação destes discursos; A implantação da pedagogia da racialização e, por último, o hibridismo que caracterizou o clube União. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que este dispositivo configurou-se por um campo dinâmico de negociações, adaptações, regulações, trocas e alianças. Também evidenciaram que não existem verdades absolutas‟ sobre a cultura negra e tampouco narrativas únicas. Estas variam de acordo com os condicionamentos a que estão submetidas, ou seja, discursos, representações e práticas sociais.

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de um sistema genérico de medição que utiliza o princípio das correntes de Foucault, comumente conhecidas como correntes parasitas. O modelo do sistema é representado como um circuito elétrico equivalente composto por R1 e L1, respectivamente caracterizando a resistência e a indutância do circuito primário, as quais são conhecidas por uma bobina de excitação. Já no secundário, R2 e L2, estão representando a perda ôhmica e a indutância da amostra no qual as correntes parasitas são induzidas, além de outros dois componentes, M indutância mútua dos indutores acoplados e k, coeficiente relacionado ao acoplamento magnético entre os circuitos primário e secundário. A análise tradicionalmente utilizada para este tipo de medição é a avaliação da reflexão da impedância equivalente do circuito secundário representando a amostra no circuito primário. O trabalho analisa as equações de malha do circuito equivalente no domínio da frequência e identifica os parâmetros do modelo. A partir da identificação do sistema realizada com os ensaios experimentais, foi possível descobrir a constante de tempo indutiva τL do sistema. A partir dessa constante, observou-se a variação acentuada da mesma em relação a variação da impedância equivalente. Ainda é apresentada uma estimativa dos valores de R2 e L2 realizada por meio da unificação das informações obtidas com a identificação, aliada com as informações de campo magnético obtidas a partir de um sensor do tipo GMR e pela simulação em um software de elementos finitos COMSOL Multiphysics. / This work presents the study of a generic measurement system that uses the prin- ciple of eddy currents. The system model is represented as an equivalent electric circuit composed of R1 and L1 respectively characterizing the resistance and induc- tance of primary circuit, which are known by an excitation coil. In the secondary, R2 and L2 are representing the ohmic loss and the inductance of the sample in which the eddy currents are induced, in addition two other components, the mutual induc- tance of the coupled inductors and k, coefficient related to the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary circuits. The analysis traditionally used for this type of measurement is the reflection evaluation of the equivalent impedance of the secondary circuit representing the sample in the primary circuit. The work analyzes the mesh equations of the equivalent circuit in the frequency domain and identifies the parameters of the model. From the identification of the system performed with the experimental tests, it was possible to discover the inductive time constant τL of the system. From this constant, it was observed the sharp variation of the same in relation to the variation of equivalent impedance. An estimate values, R2 and L2 performed by unification of the information obtained with the identification, to- gether with the magnetic field information obtained from a GMR type sensor and by simulation in a finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-27T16:44:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Renato Masson - 2005.pdf: 3301661 bytes, checksum: 07ba4b3faff7b85cc084e9dd51d830fd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-11-29T10:22:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Renato Masson - 2005.pdf: 3301661 bytes, checksum: 07ba4b3faff7b85cc084e9dd51d830fd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-29T10:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Renato Masson - 2005.pdf: 3301661 bytes, checksum: 07ba4b3faff7b85cc084e9dd51d830fd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-10 / The street pitchers, look for the introduction, especially in big and medium sized cities, of their pieces of graffiti, willing to demarcate territories, attack the urban scene and provoke the rival groups.The pitch can not be undestood as na act of vandalism: they mean to be present on the city’s routine, “re”presenting and signifying again the scenery. The Movement cropped up in Bronx’s urban ghettos, USA, spreaded out around the world, and in Goiânia, there are many “goups”, that can be categorized in 2 types. In the first one, members of groups of rooters, compete with each other around the metropolis signing the acronyms TEV (Torcida Esquadrão Vilanovense) and FJG (Força Jovem de Goiás). And the neighbourhood groups, like the MGC (Moleques Grafiteiros do Criméia), BF (Bairro Feliz), UPS (União dos Pichadores Skatistas), etc. This groups search for the demarcation and the consolidation of the territory facing off the opponent, exerting territoriality, over na especific area. At the same time, they constitute a self identify, with the intention to put down and to oppose to the conventional urban patterns. Geography must not abstein it self from the comprehension of this phenomenon, once this understanding straightly involves the categories of geographical analysis, such as territory, territoriality, identity and urban. / Os pichadores introduzem na paisagem urbana, principalmente das médias e grandes cidades, suas pichações ansiando demarcar territórios, agredir a paisagem urbana e provocar grupos rivais. As pichações não podem ser entendidas, apenas, como atos de vandalismo, elas procuram fazer presentes no cotidiano da cidade, (re)presentando e (re)ssignificando a paisagem. Movimento surgido nos guetos urbanos do Bronx nos EUA disseminou pelo mundo. Em Goiânia existem diversas “galeras” que podem ser categorizadas em dois tipos. No primeiro, membros de torcidas organizadas de futebol rivais que disputam o espaço da metrópole para fazer apologia a sua agremiação e denegrir o rival , a TEV (Torcida Esquadrão Vilanovense) e FJG (Força Jovem do Goiás). E os grupos de bairro, como MGC (Moleques Grafiteiros do Criméia), BF (Bairro Feliz), UPS (União dos Pichadores Skatistas), etc. Estes grupos demarcam o seu território frente aos adversários exercendo territorialidade sobre uma área. Ao mesmo tempo, constituem uma identidade própria que insubmetem e contrapoem-se aos ditames convencionais do urbano. A Geografia não pode abster-se da compreensão deste fenômeno que envolve diretamente categorias de análise geográfica, como território, territorialidades, identidade e urbano.