<p>Byggsektorn står för en stor del av energi- och materialanvändandet i Sverige idag och för att verka mot en mer hållbar byggsektor startades Bygga-bo-dialogen. Ett av dialogens åtaganden har varit att ta fram ett klassningssystem för byggnader; Miljöklassning av byggnader. Andra sätt att åskådliggöra produkters miljöbelastning är miljömärkningar såsom Svanenmärkning. Denna rapport tillämpar båda dessa sätt på ett småhus som kallas för Eco House och ska peka på skillnader och likheter mellan systemen. Svanenmärkning och miljöklassning ska utföras på Eco House för att se hur ekologiskt det egentligen är och förbättringsåtgärder ur synpunkten att göra Eco House mer ekologiskt skall undersökas. Ekologiskt byggande är ett svårdefinierat begrepp som det finns flera tolkningar och synvinklar på. Den definition som passar bäst in på det sätt denna rapport förhåller sig till begreppet är att se till hela byggnadens livscykel där både extern och intern miljö bör beaktas.</p><p>Examensarbete är utfört i samarbete med Willa Nordic AB som är ett småländskt småhusföretag, nischat mot arkitektritade hus som utformas efter kundens önskemål. Eco House är ett typhus, marknadsfört som ekologiskt, framtaget av Willa Nordic AB i samarbete med arkitekten Rahel Belatchew Lerdell.</p><p>Svanenmärkning är en nordisk miljömärkning som bygger på att hjälpa konsumenter att hitta produkter med låg miljöbelastning och bra kvalitet. För att ett småhus ska få en Svanenmärkning ställs det krav på bland annat byggprocessen, ventilation och material. Eftersom alla entreprenörer för byggnationen av Eco House inte är upphandlade än kan inte alla krav för en Svanenmärkning uppfyllas. Dessutom återstår en del arbete för Willa Nordic AB att utföra.</p><p>Miljöklassningssystemet är framtaget i hopp om att det ska knytas till incitament för diverse aktörer inom byggsektorn att bygga mer ekologiskt hållbart. Då Eco House klassas enligt miljöklassningssystemet betygssätts det i intervallet B till D beroende på olika utfall, vilket betyder att huset ligger någonstans mellan att vara något bättre än grundkravet till att vara sämre än grundkravet.</p><p>Eco House är en byggnad som ser väldigt ekologisk ut, till och med namnet antyder detta, men ur byggekologiskt synsätt stämmer det inte helt. Vissa förändringar krävs för en svanenmärkning och ett bra miljöklassningsbetyg.</p> / <p>The building sector is held responsible for a large part of the energy and material use in Sweden today. In order to work towards a more sustainable building the “Bygga-bodialogen” started. One of the “Bygga-bo-dialogen” commitments has been to develop a rating system for buildings; Environmental classification of buildings. Other ways to illustrate the environmental impact of products are eco-labels such as “Svanenmärkning”. This report applies both methods on a house known as Eco House to highlight the differences and similarities between the systems. “Svanenmärkning” and “miljöklassning” will be carried out on Eco House to investigate how ecological it is, and possible improvements from the standpoint to make Eco House more ecological will be examined. Green building is hard to define since there are multiple interpretations and points of views. The definition that suites the manner of this report relates to the concept the best is to ensure the entire building's life cycle in which both external and internal environment should be considered.</p><p>This thesis is made in cooperation with Willa Nordic AB, which is a house manufacturing company located in the south of Sweden, niche towards architectural designed houses to customers’ requests. Eco House is a type of building, marketing as organic, developed by Willa Nordic AB, in collaboration with the architect Rahel Belatchew Lerdell.</p><p>“Svanenmärkning” is a Nordic eco-label based on helping consumers to find products with low environmental impact and good quality. To get this label on the house certain requirements are set on the construction process, ventilation and materials. Since the Eco House is not built yet, all the requirements have not been fulfilled. Some work for Willa Nordic AB to perform still remains.</p><p>The classification system has been developed in the hope that it will be linked to an incentive for various actors in the construction industry to build more environmentally sustainable. When Eco House was classified according to the classification system it was graded in the range B to D, depending on various outcomes. The house is somewhere between being slightly better than the basic requirement and being slightly worse.</p><p>Eco House is a building that looks very organic, even the name suggests, but from building ecological approach is not entirely true. Some changes are required for a “Svanenmärkning” and a good environmental classification rating.</p>

<p>In this essay I aim to examine how the landscape of Mönsterås might have looked like during the Bronze age in order to get a better understanding of the house urn that C J Ekerot found in a cairn in Fälle. Mönsterås is an area which has a quality of permanence, from Stone Age to Iron Age with its culmination during the Bronze Age. I will discuss the use and symbolic meaning of the house urn. The house as a symbol during the Bronze Age seemed to have had an important place in the cosmology. I will also discuss the importance of cairns, especially in the archipelago areas. The cairns have had an obvious connection to the sea throughout the Bronze age and scientist have argued that one of the reason could be that the sea was associated with the dead.</p>

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<p>This is an empirical study which goal is to determine what causes changes in housing prices. It is done by using data for Stockholm and Sydney to create a model to forecast the change of house prices in the two cities. The findings suggest that the main determinants are nominal interest, household income, and the supply of new dwellings.</p><p>This is in line with previous studies. It is also investigated whether the use of financial indicators such as the development of the stock market has an impact on the house prices.</p><p>The findings regarding the implication of the financial indicators are dubious. Lastly, an investigation is made to see whether the so-called “ripple effect” can be applied to an international level. The inclusion of the ripple effect seems to be positive to the forecasting models used in this paper.</p>

This thesis is an attempt to address issues of housingtransformation in informal settlements. Transformation ofhouses is seen to be associated with modernisation forceswhereby people adapt their houses to suit their needs anddesires. On one hand the desire to own a“modernhouse”may lead to deterioration of spatial qualities, onthe other hand fulfilment of the desire may contribute to themodernisation of urban settlements. The informal settlement ofHanna Nassif was chosen as a case study to illustrate theprocess of housing transformations in informal settlement.Knowledge on the transformation processes serves as animportant tool to address issues of spatial qualities, housingmodernisation, actors in the processes of transformation anduse of space. The results show that there is a wide range oftransformation activities that have been taking place in termsof extensions and alterations. The desire to modernise theirhouses impels developers to use modern building materials. Insome instances houses constructed with traditional buildingmaterials are replaced with industrially produced materials.Through transformation processes new house types emerge. Thestudy identifies problems as well as positive aspectsassociated with the whole process of housing transformation.The positive aspects are those of increased indoor space,increase of rooms for renting and in other cases separation offunctions. The problems emerging from this process include:decrease of outdoor space, increase of housing density,blockage of ventilation and light in the transformedhouses. The study concludes that housing transformation being oneway in which lowincome earners strive to get access to housingdeserves government support, particularly in the absence ofalternative housing supply. It is further observed that todatemany urban dwellers have managed to secure housing as a directresult of house extensions effected by house owners. The houseextensions are being carried out outside the established formalplanning regulations. It is in the light of these developmentsthat there is a cause for government intervention to guidehousing development processes in informal settlements.Professionals like planners and architects should also assume arole for quality and sustainability to prevail. The study alsosuggests specific problem areas for further investigation. <b>Key words:</b>Tanzania, housing transformation, informalsettlements, modernisation, spatial qualities and housetypes.

This is an empirical study which goal is to determine what causes changes in housing prices. It is done by using data for Stockholm and Sydney to create a model to forecast the change of house prices in the two cities. The findings suggest that the main determinants are nominal interest, household income, and the supply of new dwellings. This is in line with previous studies. It is also investigated whether the use of financial indicators such as the development of the stock market has an impact on the house prices. The findings regarding the implication of the financial indicators are dubious. Lastly, an investigation is made to see whether the so-called “ripple effect” can be applied to an international level. The inclusion of the ripple effect seems to be positive to the forecasting models used in this paper.

Background: During a house demonstration a real estate agent have the chance to make new contacts which is of big importance to spread the word about the agency and keep up with the competition. If the realtor makes a good impression on the customers, it increases the chance for making the customers return to the same realtor when time comes to sell their own house. The interpretation of this non-verbal communication has been shown to have a fundamental effect on the participant’s perception of the encounter. This makes the study aim regards investigating which non-verbal signals a real estate agent express. Purpose: This study has a two-parted purpose whereas the first part intends to point out similarities and differences in a realtor’s non-verbal communication. The other part aim to create an understanding for the consequences a real estate agent’s non-verbal communication can lead to. Theory: To fulfil the purpose, theories about non-verbal communication were chosen which brings the expressions kinesics, proxemics, physical appearance and paralanguage into use. Research method: As an empirical research method observations were used to study the real estate agents non-verbal communication. Four educated and authorised realtors were chosen to be observed at different house demonstrations. The focus was set on the realtors interactions with the customers. Conclusion: Results from the observations point out that there are both similarities and differences in a realtor’s non-verbal communication. Depending on how this communication takes place, which can differ between realtors, different consequences can be pointed out in the interaction with the customers. Keywords: Non-verbal communication, Real estate agent, House demonstrations, Kinesics, Proxemics, Paralanguage

The purpose of the thesis was to study price differentials of housing in and outside of Swedish cities. When doing so, the average price of detached houses in every Swedish municipality and city was taken. The prices were based on the purchasing sum (köpeskillinen) while the investigated time period was 1995 and 2005. To separate between the different areas in Sweden, the country itself was divided into two separate regions; south, and north. South was used twice, once with the three major city areas (Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö/Lund) included and once when they were not. Within each region two groups of locations could be differentiated; economic centres (Stockholm as an example) and sub-municipalities (Danderyd as an example). Economic centers represented “in cities” and sub-municipalities “outside of cities”. In addition to the main purpose, we also wanted to examine what variables that are affecting the price of housing. Therefore; according to our theoretical background, income, working opportunities and availability of teachers were the important factors. The empirical analysis signified that there is a clear average price differential between economic centers and sub-municipalities in all three regions. Detached houses in economic centers have become more expensive relative to sub-municipalities. The largest difference can be observed in the three major city areas, where the most extreme price changes have occurred. Consequently, it can be said that working opportunities had the foremost effect on house prices in the majority of our research areas. It was also found that income had a significant influence at several locations. Teachers per 100 students had on the other hand little or no effect at all on house prices. Moreover, where it was significant it affected houses prices negatively.

Under det senaste decenniet har kvinnor gjort ett utträde på arbetsmarknaden. De har gått från att vara hemmafruar till yrkesarbetande. Närmare 1,2 miljoner kvinnor var hemmafruar i Sverige på 1960-talet, idag är de endast 48 000. Jag ville ta reda på vad det innebär att var hemmafru idag för hemmafruarna själva. Jag har utgått från min frågeställning; Vad innebär det att vara hemmafru idag? Hur ser de på förväntningarna som riktas mot dem? Vad finns det för mål och motiv för dessa kvinnor att bli hemmafruar? Hur upplever de sin position som hemmafruar? Jag har genomfört mitt arbete utifrån Grundad teori då jag ville få fatt i vad det innebär för dagens hemmafruar själva utan att utgå från någon bestämd teori. För att få fram detta har jag intervjuat fem kvinnor. Resultatet visade att dagens hemmafru är en kvinna som under en fas i livet har valt att stanna hemma från arbetslivet för att ta hand om sina barn, ett val som de haft ekonomisk möjlighet att välja i kombination med att de upplever att det dem gör har ett värde samt att det är meningsfullt. De har valt en livsföring utifrån det som har ett värde för dem.

This essay represents a chronological and contextual analysis of clay pipes that have been found in the urban settlement of Västergarn during seminary excavations between 2006 – 2012, conducted by Gotland University. Clay pipes can be dated closely and are useful means for dating and interpreting archaeological contexts from the early modern period, such as house foundations. There have been excavated four house foundations in Västergarn with different sorts of clay pipes dating to the post-medieval period. Can they tell which people used them or which country they were produced? By discussing the meaning of clay pipes in early modern society on Gotland this essay tries to answer these questions.