A construção do Sistema Único de Saúde trouxe sem dúvida uma melhora do acesso com a ampliação da oferta dos serviços, contudo, ainda há grandes desafios para se alcançar um modelo de assistência eficaz, resolutivo e universal. Necessário se faz promover mudanças na formação profissional de modo a aproximá-la dos princípios do SUS, como a integralidade da assistência, e do conceito ampliado de saúde, entre outros, com o desenvolvimento de competências que dêem conta da complexidade do trabalho em saúde para atenção integral e humanizada à população brasileira. A formação para área da saúde deve ter como objetivos a transformação das práticas profissionais, estruturadas a partir da problematização do processo de trabalho e sua capacidade de construir o cuidado para as várias dimensões e necessidades em saúde. Assim, esta investigação tem como objetivo analisar uma experiência de aprendizagem do estágio da Observação da Relação Mãe-Bebê-Família (ORMBF) como ferramenta para a constituição de sujeitos competentes para a produção de cuidados, na perspectiva da integralidade da assistência à saúde. O estágio acontece em uma parceria da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras com o Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, ambas da Universidade de São Paulo, para estudantes do 4º e 5º anos da Faculdade de Psicologia. O material empírico se constituiu dos registros de observações de 5 famílias efetuadas durante o ano de 2003, sendo utilizada a análise temática. Na análise do material foi possível a articulação dos núcleos de sentido: preparo para o encontro e postura do observador, a disponibilidade da família para o observador, se deparando com uma realidade diferente – o impacto com o cotidiano das famílias, a comunicação como elemento fundamental para a interação e a construção da interação e do vínculo. Estes núcleos de sentido apontaram para um grande tema: o aprendizado para a interação, na perspectiva da clínica ampliada para atenção integral à saúde. Todos estes elementos da ORMF que compõem a aprendizado para interação, na realidade, identificam o observador participante privilegiado para compreender a complexidade do processo saúde e doença, com responsabilização e vínculo com a família que se propôs conhecer, campo de competência para atenção integral à saúde. Revelam aprendizado pela experiência e, também, novos conteúdos a serem pensados por pensadores implicados com a mudança dos modelos de atenção à saúde e de ensino. / The construction of the Single Health System (SHS) has undoubtedly led to a better access, offering a wider range of services. However, great challenges remain ahead if we want to reach an efficient, problem-solving and universal care model. Professional formation needs to get closer to the principles of the SHS, such as care integrity, and to a broader health concept, among others, developing competencies that are able to handle the complexity of health work, with a view to delivering integral and humanized care to the Brazilian population. Hence, health formation has to aim for the transformation of professional practices, structured on the basis of the problematization of the work process and its capacity to construct care for different health dimensions and needs. Thus, this research aims to analyze a learning experience during a training period in Observation on the Mother-Infant-Family Relation (OMIFR) as a tool for developing competent subjects for care delivery, from the perspective of integral health care. This training period is part of a partnership between the University of São Paulo School of Sciences and Languages and the Ribeirão Preto Medical School Teaching Health Center and directed at 4th and 5th-year students from the School of Psychology. 5 families were observed in 2003. The records of these observations were used as empirical material and were subject to thematic analysis. This analysis revealed the following clusters of meanings: preparation for the meeting and observer’s attitude, family’s availability for the observer, facing a different reality – the confrontation with the family’s daily reality, communication as a basic element for interaction and the construction of interaction and bonding. These clusters pointed towards one large theme: learning for interaction, from the perspective of an expanded clinical practice to provide integral health care. All of these OMIFR elements that constitute learning for interaction actually identify the participant observer, who is in a privileged position to understand the complexity of the sickness and health process, being answerable to and bonding with the family (s)he aimed to get to know, which is a competence area for integral health care. They disclose learning through experience, as well as new contents that should be taken into consideration by thinkers who are committed to changing health care and teaching models.

Estudos recentes avaliaram o papel do Magnetic Activated cell Sorting (MACS, separação celular por ativação magnética) para reduzir a percentagem de espermatozoides apoptóticos e melhorar a qualidade seminal. No entanto, a eficiência do uso do MACS isoladamente, antes ou depois do processamento seminal pelos métodos clássicos, como o centrifugação em gradiente de densidade (DGC), ainda não foi estabelecida, de modo que o protocolo de uso do método não foi adequadamente estabelecido. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o MACS sozinho, antes (MACS-DGC) ou depois do processamento seminal pelo DGC (DGC-MACS) melhora a seleção espermática quando comparado ao processamento pelo DGC. Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo experimental avaliando amostras de sêmen de 15 homens saudáveis. A mesma amostra foi dividida em 4 alíquotas e processada por: DGC, DGC-MACS, MACS-DGC e MACS. Após o processamento, foram analisadas a integridade do DNA espermático pelo método TUNEL - TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (marcação de quebras no DNA por dUTP e deoxinucleotidil terminal transferase) assim como a concentração de espermatozoides, a motilidade progressiva e a morfologia, segundo os últimos critérios adotados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A percentagem de dano ao DNA foi significativamente menor no grupo MACSDGC, quando comparado com DGC e MACS, e semelhante a do grupo DGC-MACS. A concentração de espermatozoides recuperados nos grupos de DGC e MACS foi similar e significativamente maior do que MACS-DGC e DGC-MACS, que foram semelhantes entre si. A motilidade progressiva dos espermatozoides recuperados foi semelhante nos grupos MACS-DGC e DGC e significativamente maior do que nos grupos DGC-MACS e MACS. O percentual de espermatozoides com morfologia normal foi significativamente maior no grupo MACS-DGC quando comparado ao DGC-MACS e MACS, e semelhante quando comparado com DGC. Desta forma, evidenciou-se que ambos os métodos combinados promovem a recuperação de espermatozoides com menor percentagem de dano ao DNA espermático. O MACS isoladamente ou aplicado após o DGC promove redução significativa dos espermatozoides progressivos recuperados, assim como da percentagem de espermatozoides com morfologia normal. Todavia, o MACS aplicado antes do DGC promove a recuperação de amostras com elevada percentagem de espermatozoides com motilidade progressiva e morfologia normal, aliada a baixa percentagem de DNA fragmentado, sugerindo ser o melhor protocolo de uso desta metodologia, cuja importância clínica precisa ser avaliada em estudos clínicos bem delineados. / Recent studies evaluated the role of Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) in order to reduce the percentage of apoptotic sperm and improve seminal quality. However, the effectiveness of using MACS alone, before or after seminal processing by classical methods, such as the density gradient centrifugation (DGC), has not yet been established. Thus, the role of the present study was evaluate whether: MACS alone, before (MACS-DGC) or after seminal processing by DGC (DGC-MACS) improves sperm selection when compared to DGC. A prospective experimental study was conducted evaluating semen samples from 15 healthy men. The same sample was divided into 4 aliquots and processed by: DGC, DGC-MACS, MACS-DGC and MACS. After processing, the integrity of the sperm DNA was analyzed by TUNEL - TdT - mediated dUTP method Nick End Labeling (marking DNA breaks by dUTP and deoxynucleotidyl terminal transferase), sperm concentration, progressive motility and morphology according to the last criteria adopted by the World Health Organization. The percentage of DNA damage was significantly lower in the MACS-DGC group, when compared to DGC and MACS, and similar to the DGC-MACS group. The concentration of spermatozoa recovered in the DGC and MACS groups was similar and significantly higher than MACS-DGC and DGC-MACS, which were similar to each other. The progressive motility was similar in the MACS-DGC and DGC groups and significantly higher than in the DGC-MACS and MACS groups. The percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology was significantly higher in the MACS-DGC group when compared to DGC-MACS and MACS, and similar when compared to DGC. Thus, it was evidenced that both methods combined promote the recovery of spermatozoa with a lower percentage of DNA damage. MACS alone or applied after the DGC promotes a significant reduction of the progressive sperm retrieved, as well as the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. However, the MACS applied before the DGC promotes the recovery of samples with a higher percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility and normal morphology, combined with low percentage of fragmented DNA, suggesting to be the best protocol, whose clinical importance needs to be evaluated in well-delineated clinical studies.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-20T11:40:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunogomesdemenezes.pdf: 870802 bytes, checksum: e714a77746133b980e5ec0539a1b7bf8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T12:33:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunogomesdemenezes.pdf: 870802 bytes, checksum: e714a77746133b980e5ec0539a1b7bf8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T12:33:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunogomesdemenezes.pdf: 870802 bytes, checksum: e714a77746133b980e5ec0539a1b7bf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nascentes são conhecidas como ecossistemas relativamente estáveis e caracterizadas por condições ambientais específicas que as diferem de todo os outros ambientes aquáticos. São constituídas por três grandes ecótonos que ocorrem na interface entre a água superficial, subterrânea e o ecossistema terrestre, resultando em uma série de micro-habitats que sustentam uma alta riqueza de espécies. Nascentes representam um local ideal para examinar as relações entre as comunidades faunísticas e os parâmetros ambientais que influenciam sua distribuição, porém a compreensão dessas relações ainda são pouco entendidas. Estudos da fauna das nascentes de regiões tropicais ainda são escassos, estando à maioria concentrados em regiões temperadas e alpinas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi examinar as influências das variáveis ambientais e espaciais sobre a distribuição da fauna bentônica, avaliando também a complexidade de habitat representada pelos três tipos de nascentes (helocreno, limnocreno e rheocreno) sobre a composição das assembleias de macroinvertebrados. Foram obtidas três amostras compostas de substrato (pedra, areia e folhiço) em vinte e uma nascentes de três Unidades de Conservação do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Um total de 19.373 espécimes foram identificados e o grupo dos insetos apresentaram maior abundância em relação aos não insetos. Os resultados da análise de redundância parcial mostraram que tantos as variáveis ambientais, quanto as variáveis espaciais foram essenciais para a estruturação da fauna bentônica das nascentes estudadas. A composição da fauna bentônica também diferiu entre as nascentes Rheocreno, Helocreno e Limnocreno e entre as unidades de conservação. A heterogeneidade de micro-habitats presente nos diferentes tipos de nascentes exerce forte influência na estruturação da fauna de macroinvertebrados, resultando em uma fauna diversa. Conclui-se que as variáveis ambientais e espaciais são de grande importância para a estruturação da fauna juntamente com a variedade de micro-habitats presente nos diferentes tipos de nascentes e a sua preservação torna-se essencial, pois a perda de qualquer um desses habitats pode afetar a biodiversidade regional. / Springs are known as relatively stable ecosystems characterized by specific environmental conditions that differ them from all other aquatic environments. They are constituted by three large ecotones that occur at the interface between surface water, groundwater and the terrestrial ecosystem, resulting in a series of micro-habitats that sustain a high species richness. Springs are an ideal place to examine the relationships between faunistic communities and the environmental parameters that influence their distribution, but the understanding of these relationships is still poorly known. Studies of the fauna of the springs of tropical regions are still sparse, being mostly concentrated in temperate and alpine zones. The objective of this work was to examine the influence of environmental and spatial variables on the distribution of benthic fauna, also evaluating the habitat complexity represented by the three types of springs (Helocrene, Limnocrene and Rheocrene) on the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Three samples composed of substrate (stone, sand and foliage) were obtained in twenty one springs of three Conservation Units of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 19.373 specimens were identified and the group of insects showed more abundance in relation to non-insects. The results of the partial redundancy analysis showed that both environmental variables and spatial variables were essential for structuring the benthic fauna of the springs studied. The composition of the benthic fauna also differed between the Rheocrene, Helocrene and Limnocrene springs and between the conservation units. The heterogeneity of micro-habitats present in the different types of springs exerts a strong influence on the structure of macroinvertebrate fauna, resulting in a diverse fauna. It is concluded that the environmental and spatial variables are of great importance for the structuring of the fauna jointly with the variety of micro-habitats present in the different types of springs and their preservation becomes essential, because the loss of any of these habitats can affect regional biodiversity.

O fator temporal é uma variável natural da maioria dos sistemas de informação, pois no mundo real os eventos ocorrem de maneira dinâmica, modicando continuamente os valores dos seus objetos no decorrer do tempo. Muitos desses sistemas precisam registrar essa modicação e atribuir os instantes de tempo em que cada informação foi válida no sistema. Este trabalho reúne as características relacionadas aos Bancos de Dados Temporais e Bancos de Dados Objeto-Relacionais. O objetivo primordial é propor uma forma de implementar alguns aspectos temporais, desenvolvendo um módulo que faça parte das características e funcionalidades internas de um SGBD. O módulo temporal contempla principalmente a parte de restrições de integridade temporal que é utilizada para manter a consistência da informação temporal armazenada. Para isso, é proposto um novo tipo de dado que melhor representa as marcas temporais dos objetos. Uma parte importante para a implementação desse projeto é a utilização de um SGBD objeto-relacional que possui algumas características orientadas a objetos que permitem a extensão de seus recursos, tornando-o capaz de gerenciar alguns aspectos temporais. O módulo temporal desenvolvido torna esses aspectos temporais transparentes para o usuário. Por conseqüência, esses usuários são capazes de utilizar os recursos temporais com maior naturalidade. / The temporal factor is a natural variable of the majority of the information systems, therefore in the real world the events occur in dynamic way, modifying continuously the values of its objects in elapsing of the time. Many of these systems need to register this modication and to attribute the instants of time where each information was valid in the system. This work congregates the characteristics related to the Temporal Databases and Object-Relational Databases. The primordial objective is to consider a form to implement some temporal aspects, developing a module that is part of the characteristics and internal functionalities of a DBMS. The temporal module mainly contemplates the part of restrictions of temporal integrity that is used to keep the consistency of the stored temporal information. For this, a new data type is proposed that better represent the objects timestamps. An important part for the implementation of this project is the use of a object-relational DBMS that has some object-oriented characteristics that allow the extension of its resources, becoming capable to manage some temporal aspects. The developed temporal module becomes these transparent temporal aspects for the user. For consequence, these users are capable to use the temporal resources more naturally.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has been used to non-invasively investigate the integrity of white matter and the connectivity of the brain. In this work, high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI), an advanced dMRI methodology was developed and employed in bonnet macaque monkeys to study the connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala, two gray matter regions involved in making reward-guided decisions. With age, it is believed that there is a decline in the white matter connectivity between these two regions, also known as uncinate fasciculus (UF), and that this affects reward-value assignment and feedback learning in older adults. The analysis pipeline involved correction for distortions due to eddy currents and field inhomogeneity, noise reduction using a local principal component analysis based technique and subsequent registration to the high-resolution T1-weighted images. Gray matter regions corresponding to OFC and amygdala were identified on the T1-weighted images and probabilistic tractography was carried out to delineate the tracts belonging to UF. The output connectivity map from tractography was used to extract imaging parameters of interest such as fractional anisotropy, axial and radial diffusivity along the UF. A significant reduction in the fractional anisotropy index and the axial diffusivity index along the UF tract was observed with increased age of monkeys. Compared to the left hemisphere, stronger trends were observed in the right hemisphere of the monkeys, indicating possible laterality.

In line with the continuing expansion of retail sales, a large amount of product waste is added. Loss is the deficit that the company annually lacks precise statistics in order to correct actual financial outcomes. By investigating different types of losses and how that can occur, we have identified three factors of waste. We also want to investigate what resources would be required to reduce loss of clothes in fashion stores, what motivates people to steal and how the customer's attitude towards shop surveillance looks. The method was conducted with three interviews, an observation and a focus group. Here is the selection of people based on their experience with textile stores. In the study we used a theoretical reference frame based on two theories. The first is routine activity theory, which manages external loss while the other theory, the theft triangle, manages internal loss. We then applied the theories on the empirical material to create an analytical basis. The study's conclusion shows that there are alternative solutions that can be applied to companies to reduce the loss. The reason why these are not used at the moment is because there is a lack of the right commitment andresources. / I takt med den fortsatt växande detaljhandeln tillkommer en stor del svinn av produkter. Svinn är den förlust som företaget årligen saknar exakt statistik på, för att stämma av verkligt ekonomiskt utfall. Genom att undersöka olika typer av svinn som är befintliga i dagsläget och på vilka sätt dessa kan uppstå, har vi identifierat tre faktorer av svinn.Vi vill vidare undersöka vilka resurser som skulle krävas för att minska svinn i modebutiker, vad det är som motiverar människor till att stjäla och hur kundens attityd mot bevakning i butik ser ut. Metoden genomfördes med tre intervjuer, en observation och en fokusgrupp. Här är urvalet av personerna baserad på deras koppling till textila butiker. I studien använde vi oss av en teoretisk referensram baserad på två teorier. Den första är rutinaktivitetsteorin, vilken hanterar externt svinn medan den andra teorin, stöldtriangeln, hanterar internt svinn. Vi applicerade sedan teorierna på det empiriska materialet för att skapa en analytisk grund. Studiens slutsats visar att det finns alternativa lösningar som kan appliceras på företag för att minska på svinnet. Anledningen till att dessa inte används i dagsläget är för att det är brister i rätt engagemang och resurser.

The Internet is a relatively new technology that has developed explosively during the last 10 years. The Internet-technology has been accepted rapidly by users, but the legal and ethical aspects have not been updated at the same rapid rate. Trust in electronic services or products is founded on knowledge and an understanding of what happens during a session and of the effects that might occur. Within electronically based services there are obvious risks for invisible and undesired results such as intrusions on privacy. In the traditional relationship of a service provider and a user, the question of privacy is clear, whereas in the new, Internet-related relationship between a service provider and a user, it is not. We have performed an informed survey concerning privacy, carried out through interviews. From the answers in the interviews it is clear that the threat against privacy is perceived as a problem, but that it is overshadowed by other issues such as safe conducts of payment, functioning distribution systems and reclamation etc. This could be due to the difficulty of addressing an intangible problem such as privacy when there are other issues that are as important and easier to address since they concern an actual purchase. To increase the trust of the users in the Internet and e-commerce branch, we believe that the Internet peephole needs to be plugged from within the branch. A user should neither have to worry about where his or her personal information goes or who has access to it nor for which purpose it will be used. The users must be made aware of what threats their information faces and which certificates that can protect it. If the providers of products and services on the Internet do not gain the trust of the users, in the end, cyberspace will be a desolate place.

This thesis describes two proposed schemes that could be used to secure mobile messaging (SMS/MMS) as well as one scheme that could be used to secure mobile content. The security services we considered in securing the mobile messages are confidentiality, authentication, non-repudiation and integrity. We used Identity Based Cryptography in order to secure the mobile messaging and Blowfish algorithm to secure the mobile content. Due to some of the disadvantages imposed by the Identity Based Cryptography, we recommended using it along with the RSA algorithm. The proposed schemes were implemented in java and tested on an actual device, Nokia N70. In addition, we measured the time required by each of the algorithms we used to encrypt/decrypt a certain number of bytes. We found that the time taken by RSA and Blowfish algorithms will not be noticeable by the user. However, since the implementation of the Identity Based Cryptography we used was not meant to run on mobile devices, we encountered a noticeable delay whenever encrypting/decrypting the data using this algorithm. Securing the SMS messages will make it to be considered as one of the proposed means that could be used to conduct m-commerce. In addition, securing the MMS messages and the mobile content will increase the usability and the reliability of the mobile phones especially to the users on the move. / Phone: +46735731360

Technology is rapidly advancing and more sophisticated wearables capable of monitoring health concerns and potential diseases are entering the market. Meanwhile, regulations are just catching up and the new EU-wide General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will be implemented in May of 2018. This thesis reviews the concerns voiced by users when using wearables collecting their sensitive health data and compare them with the upcoming regulatory changes, to see if they address the many worries of users. The main goal of the GDPR is to bring ownership of the data back to the individual as well as harmonizing the market in the EU, but the question is if its focus is on the right things that users actually value and will their concerns be eased by the new regulations? A high-level review of the current and upcoming regulations on data collection was made as well as reviewing already discovered user concerns. The study was made using qualitative methodology and face-to-face interviews with users affected by medical conditions, in order to identify their perception of trust in wearable technology monitoring their health status. The results were analyzed using a thematic analysis where three main areas of concern were discovered. These where then compared to the literature review. The three areas of concern that were discovered are: a lack of control where users have a clear need of ownership of their personal data, the concern of companies abusing individual’s data for commercial purposes and a doubt in the level of trust users can put in the information they receive. The GDPR does address several of these concerns by bringing ownership of data back to the users. By strengthening the need for explicit consent from the companies, more transparent policies and security implementations of data integrity, the GDPR features several steps that could ensure the privacy of users such as distribution of data and “the right to be forgotten”. Upcoming research can go deeper into the GDPR and the future will tell if it is successful in its aim to empower the user as it might seem excellent on paper but face several challenges in reaching its goal.

This work contains a brief study about Forensic Computing problems done from a Computer Security perspective. Based on the description and investigation methods of Forensic Computing, a list of common difficulties that forensic examiners have to deal with has been created. After making an analysis about each difficulty in the Forensic Computing field, it can be said that the main reasons are related to the legal restrictions and an incorrect security management. Using a Computer Security perspective for analysing why the incorrect security management generates problems in the forensic computing field, we have made a risk analysis of a possible distribution for a correct security management. Later, based on own results, a list on priorities in prevention methods in t he Forensic Computing field has been created. Finally it can be said that the difficulties in the Forensic Computing field could be avoided by creating awareness among users about the importance of taking prevention methods for protecting data and consequently for decreasing the number of e-crimes.