Neste trabalho, estuda-se a alternância de código chinês-português por imigrantes chineses que moram no Rio Grande do Sul. Analisam-se vinte e duas vinhetas, coletadas durante três meses, na perspectiva da sociolingüística interacional (GOFFMAN, 2002; BLOM; GUMPERZ, 2002; TANNEN; WALLAT, 2002; AUER, 1955, 1999). As vinhetas foram agrupadas em quatro categorias: tecnologia de informação, cultura, papel emocional e papel funcional. Um quinto conjunto de vinhetas foi analisado no que se refere à interferência do chinês no português, quando da alternância de código. A análise revelou que a alternância de código, circunscrita a temas e a necessidades expressivas ligadas à tecnologia, às diferenças culturais, à expressão de emoções, aos usos funcionais, é pista para o enquadre de eventos interacionais pela conversa no cenário brasileiro, mas ainda numa perspectiva oriental. Isso se reflete na própria estrutura das seqüências alternadas do português, em que traços gramaticais do chinês se fazem presentes de forma marcante. / This paper studies Chinese-Portuguese code-switching by Chinese immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Twenty-two discourse excerpts, collected during three months, were analyzed in the interactional sociolinguistics approach (GOFFMAN, 2002; BLOM; GUMPERZ, 2002; TANNEN; WALLAT, 2002; AUER, 1955, 1999). The excerpts were grouped in four categories: information technology, culture, emotional role and functional role. A fifth set of excerpts was analyzed in what refers to the interference of Chinese on Portuguese in code-switching. The analysis showed that code-switching, circumscribed to topics and expressive needs related to technology, cultural differences, expression of emotions, functional uses, is a cue to the framing of interactional events in the Brazilian scene, but still in an eastern perspective. This state of affairs is reflected in the structure of alternated sequences in Portuguese, in which Chinese structural features are strong.

Ziel der hier vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die stilistische Perspektive der interaktionalen Linguistik, welche an dieser Stelle vorerst kurzum als „Stil ist sozial“ beschrieben werden soll, in die Stilanalyse der forensischen Linguistik und damit in die Aufgaben und Methoden der Autorschaftsattribution zu integrieren. Bisher folgt die forensische Stilanalyse einem Ansatz, welcher Stil als die individuelle Wahl eines jeden Individuums in Anhängigkeit zum Medium und der Textsorte beschreibt und dementsprechend auch in der Stilanalyse betrachtet. Im Kontext der modernen Forschungen und auch der voranschreitenden Kommunikation auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen erscheint die derzeitige Stilperspektive der forensischen Linguistik nicht mehr geeignet, um einen umfassenden Blick auf die stilistischen Gegebenheiten eines schriftsprachlichen Stils herauszustellen und somit den Weg für eine erfolgreiche Autorenerkennung zu ebnen. Die interaktionale Linguistik und die interaktionale Stilistik sollen im Folgenden dabei helfen, einen neuen Blickwinkel für die Autorschaftsattribution in Bezug auf den Stil des Täters zu schaffen, um somit interaktionale Kommunikation und die Bedingungen eines wechselseitigen Kontextes stärker in den Fokus dieser recht jungen Disziplin zu rücken, deren Weiterentwicklung weiterhin gesichert werden muss.

Stakeholder theory has transcended academia and is infiltrating boardrooms all over the world. However, the literature is divided and lacks a coherent narrative of stakeholder value creation. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate the merits of stakeholder management by examining the arguments used by stakeholder researchers. Using argument analysis an overview of the field is created which describes the preconditions, mechanisms and moderators of value creation facilitated by stakeholder management.

Lärare använder sig av olika metoder för att hjälpa studenter att utveckla de verktyg de behöver för att lära sig engelska, eller något annat ämne. En metod här är muntlig feedback, som används för att uppmuntra elever eller korrigera dem när de utför språkliga fel. Vårt mål med detta examensarbete är därför att undersöka vilka typer av muntlig feedback som kan hittas i ett klassrum där man lär sig engelska som främmande språk och vilka attityder som både lärare och studenter kan ha gentemot muntlig feedback. Tre typer av undersökningsmetoder har använts: observationer, intervjuer och enkäter. Resultatet visar på att studenter förhåller sig positivt till muntlig feedback i klassrummet, särskilt explicit corrective feedback. Däremot var denna typ av feedback minst använd i klassrummet på grund av att lärarna tror på andra typer av feedback vara mer fördelaktiga. / Teachers use different methods to help students acquire the tools needed to learn English, or any other subject for that matter. One method is oral feedback, which is used to immediately encourage students or correct them when making an error. Our aim is therefore to investigate what kind of oral feedback can be found in a EFL-classroom and what attitudes both teachers and students have towards oral feedback. Three types of research tools were used: observation, interviews and questionnaire. The results show that the students were positive to oral feedback in the classroom, especially explicit corrective feedback. On the other hand, this type of feedback was the least used one in the classroom due to the teachers’ believing that other kinds of oral feedback are more beneficial.

No description available.

This study addresses the importance of studies of human psychoneuroimmunology in understanding the role of psychological factors in cancer. Research trends in psychosocial aspects of cancer are reviewed, exploring the role of distress and the support group as an intervention which potentially reduces distress through enhancing interpersonal relationships, emotional adjustment and communication with health professionals, in these ways helping the patient to cope with the symptoms of treatment. In South Africa, most hospitals which treat cancer patients medically do not simultaneously have support groups for the newly diagnosed patient to join in order to discuss immediate fears and acquire more knowledge about their particular disease. Following an experimental cancer support group involving patients who had recently undergone a bone marrow transplant (some considerable time after their first cancer diagnosis) in Cape Town's Groote Schuur Hospital, the researcher, as one of the participants in the fortnightly meetings convened to dicuss psychosocial issues related to each patient's experience of the cancer and transplant process, transferred the themes, concepts and questions that arose in that scenario, to a cancer clinic in Pretoria where recently diagnosed patients were asked to volunteer to participate in such a group. It was felt that these patients would derive some benefit early in their treatment programme. Psychosocial concerns are left to the individual patient to seek therapy should it be required. Presently, it is reported in the body of knowledge about cancer, that interventions aimed at alleviating the psychosocial distress of cancer patients highlight hypnosis, guided imagery and relaxation therapy. It is contended that a more appropriate intervention for the majority of people with cancer in South Africa would entail a fellow-patient support group meeting on a regular basis. / Psychology / (M.A. (Psychology)

The thesis investigates reference to non-present, singular persons in Swedish talk-ininteraction. The overall aim of the study is to analyse instances of person reference as parts of their linguistic, sequential and social contexts, and to describe these instances with regard to interactional, formal/structural, and functional aspects. An important point of departure for the study is that instances of person reference must be analysed as choices from different alternatives. This means that instances of person reference should neither be thought of as mere manifestations of the speaker’s own state of knowledge of the referent and her/his assessment of the addressee’s knowledge state, nor as reflections of structural aspects of the discourse. Theoretically and methodologically, the study belongs to the fields of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis (CA). The data for the study are drawn from naturally occurring everyday and institutional interaction and includes two-party and multi-party interaction, and telephone as well as face-to-face interaction. The analyses of introductory references to persons highlight issues such as the speaker’s claimed knowledge of/familiarity with the referent as well as the claims being made on behalf of the addressee, the role and importance of the referent in the activity of the talk, and the implications of person reference on the affiliation/disaffiliation of the participants with the referent, as well as with each other. The analyses of references to persons that have already been introduced in the interaction centres on partly different issues. The categorization of these references is based on two factors; the first being the sequential position of the reference and the second being whether the reference contributes to sequential continuity or discontinuity. The analyses emphasize that referential choice is an important resource for the construction of continuity and discontinuity, and that participants make use of these resources in unmarked as well as marked ways. This means that participants choose between different referential expressions, and these choices have different consequences depending on, inter alia, the sequential position of the reference. The study shows that reference to persons is doubly contextual: participants’ referential choices are made in consideration of the foregoing as well as the upcoming activity of the talk. Consequently, in order to adequately describe instances of person reference, the sequential context must be taken into account.

Outre la catégorisation socio-identitaire de l’enseignant de FLE – résumée dans la notion d’identité linguistique – qui représente depuis toujours une problématique très répandue dans le domaine de l’appropriation des langues, la notion de représentation sociale commence aujourd’hui à constituer un enjeu théorique majeur en ce domaine. Ce travail de recherche présente une étude expérimentale portant sur les représentations sociales de l’identité linguistique de l’enseignant et ses conséquences sur les comportements interactionnels des élèves dans une classe de FLE située au royaume du Bahreïn. Il a pour objet deux axes d’étude : a) les comportements interactionnels des apprenantes, que nous recueillerons par le biais d’observations de classes et que nous étudierons en adoptant une analyse conversationnelle fondée sur l’interprétation des phénomènes langagiers ; b) une réflexion sur la notion de représentations sociales orientée vers son rôle déterminant dans les pratiques langagières, étayée par une analyse de contenu thématique des discours épilinguistiques recueillis à l’aide d’un entretien semi-directif afin de déterminer si la perception de la différence d’identité linguistique est à l’origine de la dynamique des comportements interactionnels. L’objectif de ce travail est également de proposer une approche empirique ne reposant pas seulement sur l’analyse des discours sur les représentations sociales mais qui prend aussi en compte les pratiques langagières et confronte ainsi le dire et le faire / As well as the identity categorization – that we refer to by the concept of linguistic identity – of French foreign language teachers has always represented a problematic issue in the field of language appropriation, the notion of social representation is currently becoming a major theoretical challenge in this field. This research presents an experimental study that focuses on social representation regarding the linguistic identity of the teacher and its effect(s) on learners’ interactional behavior in a French foreign language class located in Bahrain. The purpose of this research is first to study the interactional behavior of learners via classroom observation and by adopting conversational analysis methods, and secondly to study the role of social representations in language practice of French foreign language learners. For this purpose, we have carried out a thematic content analysis of epilinguistic discourses that have been collected via a semi-structured interview to determine if linguistic identity differences led to interactional behavior changes. This thesis aims at proposing an empirical approach that does not rely only on the analysis of epilinguistic discourse but also takes into account language practice and thus compares what’s said and what’s done

[pt] O sucesso de um candidato numa entrevista de emprego depende em grande parte do domínio do conhecimento sobre aquela atividade e de competências e habilidades no gerenciamento da relação com o entrevistador e de sua autoapresentação. Neste trabalho, procura-se contribuir para a descrição de algumas manifestações desse tipo de expertise interacional, construindo conhecimento de relevância tanto para entrevistadores quanto para aqueles envolvidos no processo de formação de profissionais. À luz dos estudos sobre análise retórica do discurso, foram analisadas três entrevistas de candidatos a um posto de trabalho numa empresa transnacional. A pesquisa mostra que os candidatos diferem quanto ao grau de expertise interacional, no que se refere à compreensão dos objetivos das contribuições da entrevistadora e do papel do entrevistado; à capacidade de fazer uma autoapresentação alinhada aos valores da empresa e às exigências do cargo; e de tornar convincente as reivindicações das competências e habilidades testadas pela entrevistadora. / [en] The success of a candidate in a job interview largely depends on the interviewee s background knowledge about the activity and on the competences and skills in managing the relationship with the interviewer and his self-presentation. In this research, we seek to contribute to the description of some manifestations of this type of interactional expertise, building knowledge of practical relevance for both the interviewer and for those involved in the training of professionals. Based on studies about rhetorical discourse analysis, three interviews of candidates to a job opportunity in a transnational corporation were analyzed. The research shows that candidates differ in their level of interactional expertise, concerning the understanding of the goals of the interviewer s contributions and of the interviewee s role; the ability to make a self-presentation according to the company values and job requirements; and convincingly make claims of competences and skills tested by the interviewer.

[pt] A partir da abordagem da Sociolingüística Interacional para a Análise do Discurso, esta investigação tem por objetivo analisar a construção de identidade de um imigrante italiano, em situação de entrevista de pesquisa. O estudo analisa a organização discursiva da fala do entrevistado em blocos temáticos, focalizando as diferentes dimensões de sua construção identitária. Partindo do pressuposto de que as narrativas são co-construções dos participantes da situação de comunicação, foram também analisadas as estratégias de envolvimento utilizadas e suas implicações para a construção da identidade do narrador. Observou-se também em que medida a história de vida do entrevistado foi orientada por valores da cultura italiana e por sua condição de imigrante no Brasil. A identidade constitui-se simultaneamente nos universos da história, da interação e dos valores sócio-culturais. / [en] Based on an Interactional Sociolinguistics approach to discourse analysis, this investigation has a discursive aim, namely, that of analyzing the construction of identity of an Italian immigrant in a research interview situation. The analysis focuses on the organization in theme blocks and different dimensions of identity construction. Involvement strategies and its implications for the construction of the narrator s identity, used during the interview, were analyzed based on the statement that narratives are co-constructed by participants in a communicative event. The narrator s identity construction is observed in relation to his professional trajectory and his Italian culture-based attitude. It was observed to which extent the interviewed life story was oriented by Italian cultural values and also his immigrant condition in Brazil. Identity is built simultaneously in three different universes: story, interaction and social-cultural values.