Desde 2008, a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) cria anualmente dez vagas suplementares para estudantes indígenas. Nesse período, além de consolidar uma política de acesso, a Universidade também deu início ao desenvolvimento de uma política de permanência para os estudantes indígenas ingressantes. Dentre as ações de apoio pedagógico, duas associam-se ao campo das linguagens e letramentos - o Curso de Inglês para Estudantes Indígenas (CIEI) e o Curso de Leitura e Escrita na Universidade para Estudantes Indígenas (LEUI) - e são elas a motivação para a realização deste trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como princípios relativos à valorização dos saberes tradicionais indígenas e ao ensino significativo de leitura e escrita acadêmica, princípios criados para a construção da ação de permanência LEUI, podem ser colocados em prática no planejamento de projetos pedagógicos e em atividades de sala de aula. Pretende-se, assim, discutir de que maneira esses princípios dialogam com a busca por uma educação superior intercultural e dialógica. São apresentadas a fundamentação teórica que embasou a criação dos princípios - os Estudos de Letramento Acadêmico (ACLITS) (LEA; STRRET, 1998, 2006; LILLIS, 2001; LEA, 2004) – e a metodologia escolhida para o trabalho com leitura e escrita no curso - a pedagogia de projetos. Para a análise dos princípios nas práticas de ensino, são apresentados os planejamentos dos projetos pedagógicos desenvolvidos nas últimas três edições do curso e excertos dos registros de atividades observadas durante as aulas. Na análise do planejamento dos projetos e das atividades em sala de aula, verificou-se a possibilidade de trabalhar com temas relacionados à identidade indígena dos estudantes e com diferentes gêneros, acadêmicos e não acadêmicos, que possibilitaram que os estudantes se engajassem em atividades de uso das línguas relevantes aos projetos em foco, conforme proposto pelos princípios. Foi possível constatar que, a partir dos princípios do curso e pela prática pedagógica por projetos, foram valorizados no LEUI os saberes tradicionais dos estudantes e as possíveis articulações de relações entre esses saberes e conhecimentos acadêmicos, com vistas a possibilitar que os estudantes sintam-se mais confiantes para levar esses conhecimentos também a suas disciplinas da graduação, buscando, assim, potencializar um diálogo intercultural na universidade. / Since 2008, the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) has annually been opening ten vacancies for indigenous students. In this same period, besides consolidating an access policy, the University also initiated the development of a permanency policy for the indigenous students. Among the actions of pedagogical support of the permanency policy, two are associated with the field of languages and literacies - the English Course for Indigenous Students (CIEI) and the Reading and Writing Course at the University for Indigenous Students (LEUI) - and they are the motivation for this work. The aim of this study is to analyze how principles concerning the valorization of indigenous traditional knowledge and the significant teaching of reading and academic writing, principles developed for the construction of the permanency action LEUI, were put into practice in the planning of pedagogical projects and in classroom activities. This analysis also intends to discuss how these principles dialogue with the search for an intercultural and dialogical higher education. The theoretical grounds of the principles - the Academic Literacy Studies (ACLITS) (LEA; STRRET, 1998, 2006; LILLIS, 2001; LEA, 2004) - and the methodology chosen to work with reading and writing in the course - the pedagogy of projects - are presented. For the analysis of the principles in teaching practices, the planning of the pedagogical projects developed in the three latest course editions and extracts from records of observed activities during the classes are presented. Based on the analysis of the planning of the projects and the activities in the classroom, it was found that working on issues related to the indigenous identity of the students and with different genres, academic and non-academic, enabled students to engage in using different languages according to the project demands, as suggested by the principles. Furthermore, based on the principles of the course and on the classroom practice to develop the projects, the students’ traditional knowledge and the possible connections between this knowledge and academic knowledge were valued in LEUI. This, in turn, opened the possibility for students to feel more confident to use this knowledge in their undergraduate disciplines, aiming at fostering an intercultural dialogue at university. / Desde 2008, la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande del Sur (UFRGS) crea cada año diez plazas suplementarias para estudiantes indígenas. En este periodo, además de consolidar una política de acceso, la Universidad también ha empezado el desarrollo de una política de permanencia para los estudiantes indígenas ingresantes. Entre las acciones de apoyo pedagógico, dos se asocian al campo de los lenguajes y literacidades – el Curso de Inglés para Estudiantes Indígenas (CIEI) y el Curso de Lectura y Escrita en la Universidad para Estudiantes Indígenas (LEUI) – que son la motivación para la realización de este trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de como los principios relativos a la valorización de los saberes tradicionales indígenas y a la enseñanza significativa de lectura y escrita, creados para la construcción de la acción de permanencia LEUI, se pueden poner en práctica en la planificación de proyectos pedagógicos y en actividades en clase. Se pretende así discutir de qué forma esos principios dialogan con la búsqueda por una educación superior intercultural y dialógica. Se presentan los fundamentos teóricos que han embasado la creación de los principios – los Estudios de Literacidad Académica (ACLITS) (LEA; STRRET, 1998, 2006; LILLIS, 2001; LEA, 2004) – y la metodología que se ha elegido para el trabajo con lectura y escrita en el curso – la pedagogía de proyectos. Para el análisis de los principios en las prácticas de enseñanza, se presentan las planificaciones de los proyectos pedagógicos desarrollados en las tres últimas ediciones del curso y extractos de los registros de actividades observadas durante las clases. En el análisis de la planificación de los proyectos y de las actividades en clase se ha verificado la posibilidad de trabajar temas relacionados con la identidad indígena de los estudiantes y con diferentes géneros, académicos o no académicos, que han posibilitado que los estudiantes se comprometieran en actividades de uso de las lenguas relevantes a los proyectos en foco, conforme propuesto por los principios. Se ha constatado que, desde el comienzo del curso y por la práctica pedagógica por proyectos, se han valorizado en LEUI los saberes tradicionales de los estudiantes y las posibles articulaciones de relaciones entre esos saberes y conocimientos académicos, con miras a posibilitar que los estudiantes se sientan más seguros para llevar esos conocimientos también a sus asignaturas de graduación, buscando así potenciar un diálogo intercultural en la universidad.

Since the 1980s, intercultural dialogue has become increasingly recognized as a way to reduce prejudice, improve relationships, increase intercultural understanding, manage diversity, and contribute to democratic processes. Similarly, civic engagement has emerged as a key priority of municipalities to effectively serve and meet the needs of a culturally diverse public. I conducted an exploratory qualitative research study using focus groups with 13 ethnocultural community leaders in Edmonton, Alberta. The main goals were to understand from their lived experiences and perspectives how intercultural dialogue could contribute to meaningful and culturally appropriate civic engagement for ethnocultural communities. The findings indicated that ethnocultural community leaders are passionate about and committed to improving the lives of their communities, identify strongly with Canada and Edmonton as their home, and appreciate being meaningfully involved in civic affairs. The findings indicated that intercultural dialogue is meaningful if it takes place in a larger framework of civic engagement practices. This framework of meaningful practices is presented along with recommendations that can be adapted and implemented by municipalities, institutions, and organizations that wish to engage meaningfully with and respond effectively to diverse ethnocultural communities.

Depuis le Conseil européen de Lisbonne en 2000, l’Union européenne s’active à devenir une société de la connaissance leader dans l’hypercompétition mondiale. Elle s’attache à enrichir et structurer ses ressources de diversité et de créativité en restructurant sa méthode d’intégration suivant une approche plus ascendante. Elle pousse aussi au décloisonnement de tous les secteurs socio-économiques afin d’en libérer les potentiels d’innovation. Une société en réseau se tisse ainsi grâce au développement des acteurs locaux et d’une connivence public-privé. Toutefois, ces mutations juridiques exigent l’adhésion active des citoyens. Dès lors, à côté des politiques d’éducation, de recherche et d’innovation, l’Union favorise les synergies avec les domaines de l’emploi, de la jeunesse et de la culture. Tous ces changements entraînent une quête effrénée de cohérence globale nécessaire à la compétitivité et à la durabilité du modèle européen de société de la connaissance. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, le droit européen va puiser sa cohérence dans l’articulation des concepts d’Etat social actif, de méritocratie et de démocratisation. / Since the European Council of Lisbon in 2000, the European Union tends to become a knowledge society leader in the world competition. It enriches and structures its ressources of diversity and creativity by generating a renewal of its integration method around a bottom-up approach. It stimulates too a decompartmentalization of all the socio-economic sectors to free all the innovation potentials. So, a network society appears thanks to the development of regional actors and a public-private connivance. But, the legal evolutions need to get the adhesion of the citizens. That’s why, in addition to the policies of education, research and innovation, the European Union fosters synergies with the domains of employment, youth and culture. All these transitions trigger a search of global coherence to guarantee the competitiveness and the sustainability of the European model of knowledge society. To reach these goals, the European law finds its coherence by articulating the notions of active welfare State, meritocracy and democratization.

Les échecs successifs des partenariats et tentatives de coopération dans la zone méditerranéenne ont montré les limites aux modèles diplomatiques employés jusqu’à présent et ont révélé le besoin de renouveler la participation des divers acteurs en présence. Dès lors, il s’est agi de déplacer le centre de gravité de l’activité diplomatique en Méditerranée afin d’élaborer un modèle de « diplomatie collective durable », par lequel la région pourrait servir de vecteur de modélisation pour les régionalisations actuelles ou futures, seules véritables réponses à une mondialisation croissante. Par le biais de l’analyse historique et contemporaine de l’exercice de la diplomatie ainsi que de l’évolution de la définition de la politique étrangère et grâce à l’exposé de l’effervescence intellectuelle autour de l’ouverture de l’activité diplomatique à des acteurs non gouvernementaux, il a été permis de présenter l’articulation entre les notions de diplomatie et de Société civile dans l’histoire et dans la théorie et d’en exposer les manifestations sur le terrain de la zone méditerranéenne. De ces manifestations, il a été conclu à un véritable état de fait de la diplomatie des Sociétés civiles. Face à cette phénoménologie de la diplomatie des Sociétés civiles dans les relations internationales, encouragée par les instances supranationales notamment, a été étudiée l’existence de l’insertion formelle de la Société civile dans l’ordre international afin d’envisager les divers fondements juridiques de sa participation. Dès lors, des textes internationaux ont servi aux recherches et ont permis de retracer l’évolution des relations internationales initialement exclusivement statocentrées mais qui se sont progressivement ouvertes à de nouveaux acteurs. Par ailleurs, il a été essentiel de procéder à la détermination du sujet de cette insertion à l’ordre juridique international et d’identifier l’existence d’une « Société civile internationale », simple acteur des relations internationales ou véritable sujet de droit international. Étant donnée la particularité de la région étudiée et les nécessités spécifiques qui en découlent, la zone a révélé un vrai potentiel afin d’intégrer voire d’institutionnaliser ce renouvellement diplomatique. Véritable modélisation régionale, la Méditerranée pourrait servir de laboratoire aux propositions contenues dans la thèse et qui tendraient à faire d’elle une zone pacifiée et stabilisée. / The consecutive failures of the successive cooperation and partnerships in the Mediterranean region have shown the limitations of the current diplomatic models and has also revealed the need to renew the participation of various actors on the international stage. Therefore, the dissertation has aimed to move the center of gravity of the diplomatic activity in the Mediterranean (mainly intergovernmental) in order to develop a model of “collective sustainable diplomacy” by which the region could serve as a model for current or future regionalizations, sole real answers to the increasing globalization. Through historical and contemporary analysis of the practice of diplomacy by civil societies and also through the presentation of the intellectual ferment allowing the expansion of diplomacy to non-state actors, it has been possible to show the signs of an existing diplomacy by these actors on the Mediterranean field. Facing this phenomenon of a less intergovernmental diplomacy, greatly encouraged by supranational organizations, we studied the existence of its formal insertion in the international legal order and presented various legal bases of the participation of civil societies to the diplomatic process. This analysis revealed the lack of a legal status of the so-called “international civil society” and highlighted the denial by the states of an official diplomatic action of this actor. This conclusion led to elaborate a Mediterranean model of action, integrating all stakeholders for a more collective and thus, sustainable diplomacy. Given the peculiarity and special needs of the study area, the Mediterranean has revealed a real potential to integrate, nay, institutionalize this diplomatic renewal. As a real regional modeling, the Mediterranean region could be used as a laboratory for the proposals contained in the dissertation, which could tend to make it a pacified and stabilized region.

Sebbene la presenza dei figli degli migranti stia assumendo sempre maggior rilievo anche in Italia la ricerca ha posto poca attenzione alle loro scelte di consumo mediale e all’appropriazione dei media come risorse sociali ed ambientali. La tesi si focalizza sul caso delle giovani donne di origine araba per indagare il ruolo giocato dal consumo di notizie nella cornice più complessa dei processi di negoziazione di identità. Un focus è riservato alle tre dimensioni di appartenenze, partecipazione e trasmissione culturale tra generazioni – in relazione alle madri e ai coetanei. Un’indagine, a livello più “macro”, indaga le possibili implicazioni per il dialogo interculturale. Attraverso la raccolta di quarantotto storie di vita un primo livello di analisi diacronico indaga presenza e intensità del consumo di news nelle fasi della vita per comprendere se possa rappresentare un rito di passaggio all’età adulta, mentre una seconda pista cerca di comprendere come esso si leghi alla questione del sentirsi “cittadini”, in termini di riconoscimento, appartenenza e per scoprire se il consumo di news possa diventare una risorsa per essere soggetti attivi nella sfera pubblica. Tutte le giovani donne di origine araba vivono a Milano, hanno tra i diciotto e i trentadue anni e differiscono per le variabili di 1) nascita o arrivo in Italia dopo i 6 anni; 2) attivismo e 3) religiosità (musulmane, copte ortodosse, atee). / Although the presence of migrants’ sons and daughters is gaining more and more importance also in Italy, the research have not given special attention to their choices concerning media consumption and to the appropriation of the media as social and environmental resources. This thesis is focused on the case of young women of Arab origin in order to investigate the intersections between news consumption and the negotiation of the social identity. A first focus is on three dimensions: participation, belonging and cultural transmission – in comparison with mothers and peers. A second “macro” level of the research investigates the implications as regard to intercultural dialogue. Through the collection of forty-eight life histories, a first level of diachronic analysis investigates the presence and the intensity of news consumption in different stages in order to understand if it could be a rite of passage to the adulthood, while a second track tries to understand how this is connected to the feeling of being “citizens”, in terms of identification, belonging and to investigate if news consumption may be a resource to be active citizens in the public sphere. All young women of Arab origin live in Milan, they are between eighteen and thirty-two years old, and differ in variables 1) they were born or arrived in Italy since they were 6 years old, 2) activism and 3) religion (Muslims, Coptic Orthodox or atheists).

Vivimos en un mundo cada vez más globalizado e interconectado, lo que exige nuevas y mejores destrezas en cuanto al comportamiento en contextos interculturales, es decir, contextos donde se encuentran dos o más culturas de manera igualitaria. Documentos rectores para la educación, tanto nacionales (suecos) como internacionales subrayan la importancia de éstas.        En presente estudio se ha basado en investigaciones internacionales anteriores, para indagar cómo el sistema educativo y especialmente la enseñanza de los idiomas modernos pueden ayudar a fomentar la competencia intercultural en los alumnos, en primer lugar, por medio de una revisión sobre cómo se define dicha competencia; en segundo lugar, investigar cómo se puede crear un clima intercultural en el aula y finalmente, comprobar qué métodos y herramientas didácticas se pueden usar para fomentar la competencia intercultural en los alumnos. El análisis de las investigaciones anteriores se ha llevado a cabo aplicando un enfoque cualitativo, usando el método de la hermenéutica, o más específicamente, la abducción.       El análisis del estudio muestra que, a pesar de varios intentos, todavía no existe una definición unánime de la competencia intercultural. Las definiciones presentadas, sin embargo, tienen varios rasgos en común, por ejemplo, que están compuestas de dimensiones cognitivas, afectivas y de comportamiento. Además, la competencia intercultural se define también como un proceso, usando el modelo de procesamiento de la competencia intercultural de Deardorff (2006). A continuación, el análisis muestra que el clima intercultural en el aula se crea por medio de trabajar interculturalmente, otra vez usando el modelo de Deardorff. Se presentan unos ejemplos concretos de cómo trabajar interculturalmente, entre otros, empleando la conversación coloquial. Finalmente, el análisis, de acuerdo con la crítica hacia el uso de la enseñanza intercultural como un elemento aislado de la enseñanza, propone una perspectiva holística, es decir, que la interculturalidad formara parte de todas las asignaturas de los programas de educación. / Vi lever i en alltmer globaliserad och sammankopplad värld. Detta ställer nya och högre krav på vår förmåga att föra oss och interagera i interkulturella sammanhang, det vill säga sammanhang där två eller flera kulturer möts på lika villkor, vilket understryks i såväl nationella (svenska) som internationella styrdokument för utbildning.      Studien nedan har utifrån tidigare internationell forskning undersökt hur utbildningssystemet och framförallt undervisningen i moderna språk kan verka för att förmedla kunskap om, och färdigheter i, interkulturell kompetens genom att först göra en översyn av hur sådan kompetens definieras och därefter undersöka hur klassrumsmiljön kan få en interkulturell prägel, samt vilka didaktiska metoder och verktyg som kan användas för att förmedla den interkulturella kompetensen till eleverna. Analysen av den tidigare forskningen är genomförd med en kvalitativ ansats och hermeneutisk metod, närmare bestämt abduktion.       Studiens analys visar att det, trots flera försök, ännu inte finns någon enhetlig definition av vad som är interkulturell kompetens. Det finns dock stora likheter i befintliga definitioners grundstruktur, exempelvis att de innefattar kognitiva, affektiva och beteendemässiga dimensioner. Interkulturell kompetens definieras också som en process, varvid Deardorffs (2006) processmodell särskilt lyfts fram. Analysen visar också på att ett interkulturellt klassrumsklimat uppstår då läraren väljer ett interkulturellt arbetssätt, även här visar sig Deardorffs processmodell användbar. I anslutning till detta ges ett antal konkreta exempel på hur ett interkulturellt arbetssätt kan se ut, bland annat undervisning utifrån det vardagliga samtalet. Avslutningsvis lyfter analysen, i samklang med kritik mot att interkulturell undervisning ofta behandlas som ett enskilt moment i undervisningen, fram ett så kallat holistiskt perspektiv, det vill säga att interkulturalitet ska vara en del av all undervisning. / The globalization and interconnectedness of the world is putting new and higher demands on our ability to function and interact within an intercultural context, that is, contexts where two or more cultures meet on equal terms. This is also highlighted in national (Swedish) as well as international documents governing education.       This study has used previous international research, to investigate how the educational system and especially the teaching of modern languages can be a part of student’s acquisition of intercultural competence, by first reviewing how this competence is defined and thereafter investigate how to create an intercultural class space, and also what didactic methods and tools might be used to convey the intercultural competence to the students. The analysis of the previous research has been done, applying a qualitative approach and a hermeneutic method, more specifically the abduction.      The analysis shows that, in spite of several tries, there is still no unanimous definition of intercultural competence. However, there are compelling similarities regarding the basic structure of the existing definitions, for example the existence of cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions. Also, intercultural competence is defined as a process, highlighting the process model on intercultural competence by Deardorff (2006. Furthermore, the analysis shows that an intercultural class space occurs when the teacher applies an intercultural teaching method, another area where the process model by Deardorff is proven useful. In connection, some examples are given of how an intercultural teaching method might look, including the use of the colloquial conversation. Finally, the analysis, in accordance with the critique on intercultural education used as an isolated element in the education as a whole, proposes a holistic perspective, that interculturality be a part of all education that is.