I’ve built an Internet based administration front-end for the company Allt I Brand in Jamjö. Allt I Brand’s main goals are maintenance and sale of fire preventive equipment. This front-end is programmed mostly in PHP, connected to a MySQL database. Because both Allt I Brand’s main page and my administration front-end use the same database and the database is designed to virtually fit any type of company, the result is both dynamic and powerful. The front-end design is made to make it easy to understand and nice to look at. The functionality has given my client the power to manage their main page on their own. The result, a complete administration system. / Jag har tillverkat ett Internetbaserat administrations gränssnitt åt företaget Allt I Brand i Jämjö. Allt I Brand är ett företag som är inriktat på underhåll och försäljning av brandförebyggande utrustning. Detta administrations gränssnitt är programmerat till största delen i PHP som är kopplat till en MySQL databas. Eftersom både Allt I Brand´s huvudsida och mitt administrations gränssnitt använder samma databas och databasen är designad så att den kan passa till olika sorters företag så blir resultatet både dynamiskt och kraftfullt. Designen på administration sidan är gjord så att det ska vara lätt att förstå och trevligt att se på. Funktionaliteten har givit min kund kraften att själv sköta och underhålla sin huvudsida. Systemet är helt enkelt komplett. / Adress: Utridarevägen 1B 370 40 Karlskrona Tel: 0709 57 32 54 E-mail: hapr02@stundent.bth.se

Background: Many women experience childbirth fear to such an extent that it seriously interferes with the woman’s daily life and affects her mental well-being. Aim: The overall aim was to conduct an overview of the midwife-led counselling for childbirth fear in Sweden, to investigate women’s birth preferences and to describe their experiences of treatment on childbirth fear, with focus on midwife-led counselling. Methods: Study I is a cross-sectional study where 43 out of 45 maternity clinics responded to a questionnaire regarding midwife-led counselling. Study II is a longitudinal survey where 889 women participated of whom 70 received counselling. Data were collected by questionnaires in mid-pregnancy, two months and finally, one year after birth. Study III is a randomised controlled study with 258 participating women assessed with childbirth fear. It compares Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) with midwife-led counselling. Data were collected by questionnaires twice during pregnancy and two months after birth. Study IV is a qualitative interview study using thematic analysis, including 27 women who received midwife-led counselling during pregnancy. Results: Overall, midwife-led counselling was perceived as empowering by the women and increased their confidence when facing birth. The preference for a caesarean section decreased during pregnancy and the majority had a normal vaginal birth but an increase in preference for caesarean section appeared after birth. Half of the women who received treatment for childbirth fear experienced a less than positive birth. Women who had a positive birth experience voiced that the contributing factors were the self-confidence received from counselling and the support from the midwife during birth. Decreased or manageable fear was expressed by the women after counselling and birth, which in turn brought a strengthened confidence for a future pregnancy and birth. Furthermore, major differences exist in counselling for childbirth fear throughout the clinics in Sweden. Conclusion: Midwife-led counselling improved women’s confidence toward giving birth and fear was perceived as manageable. Continuous support is crucial to experience birth as positive. Although women’s preferences for caesarean section did not change over time, few women gave birth with a caesarean section without medial reason.

The evolution of globalization and technology have changed the playground for international business and made it possible for smaller businesses to compete internationally among large and capital intensive companies. Markets become increasingly alike with converging product preferences and changing the world into one large integrated marketplace easily accessible for firms of all sizes. Recent research in the field of International Business has shed light on small firms that rapidly become international market players, called “born globals” (BGs). These firms’ behavior contradicting traditional theory, such as the Uppsala Model, which propose that internationalization is an incremental process where firms must gain market knowledge and psychical distance to markets to internationalize. The Uppsala Model describes internationalization as a relatively resource-demanding process. However, the BGs most often have scarce resources, but still manages to enter several markets simultaneously. Previous studies have focused on manufacturing exporting BGs when investigate this relatively new phenomenon. Yet, little light is shed on BG service firms and their internationalization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitating factors of resource-scarce Internet-based service BGs’ internationalization and barriers connected to it. Thus, this study aims to fill the research field of BG Internet-based service firms with more empirical data. The research questions are formulated as followed: RQ1: What important factors enable internationalization for Swedish born global Internet-based service firms? RQ2: Do the perceived barriers to internationalization for SMEs apply to Swedish born global Internet-based service firms, or are there other barriers present in their internationalization? As a theoretical framework, the researchers have combined three main theories, explicitly the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities and Business Models. Further, SMEs’ perceived barriers to internationalization are included in the theoretical framework as a sub-theory, to investigate if those barriers apply to BG Internet-based service firms. The researchers have performed a qualitative exploratory multiple-case study including six Swedish companies. The empirical data acquired is presented in a case-by-case structure relating back to the theoretical framework. The data has further been analyzed in a thematic way based on theories using the cross-case analysis technique. From the study, the researchers have found that the most important factors enabling internationalization for Swedish BG Internet-based service firms are an internationally standardized business model, human capital, and the level of dynamic capabilities. Regarding SME’s perceived barriers to internationalization, no clear pattern was found regarding the sample firms’ perceived barriers to internationalization. Which implies that more research is needed in this area.

Depression är en funktionsnedsättande problematik som påverkar en stor del av den vuxna populationen varje år. Trots ett omfattande behov av hjälp så råder det brist på tillgång till effektiv behandling. Kognitiv Beteendeterapi (KBT) är en evidensbaserad metod som har stöd vid behandling av depression och förmedlad via internet skulle metoden kunna tillgängliggöras för fler. Dock är det i dagsläget oklart vilka format och vilket innehåll som kan användas när behandlingen förmedlas via internet, samt vilken betydelse den terapeutiska alliansen har för en behandling som till största del sker på distans. Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka effekterna för olika format av internetbehandling (epostterapi, guidad självhjälp och blended treatment) vid depression, samt alliansens roll i dessa format. Studiernas resultat visar på att epostterapi och internetförmedlade självhjälpsprogram med behandlarstöd var effektiva metoder för att behandla depression. Alliansskattningar var höga, vilket visar att en positiv terapeutisk allians kan uppnås i internetbehandling. Patientskattningar av allians kunde inte predicera utfallet i någon av behandlingarna, men behandlarskattad allians predicerade förbättring på depressionsskattningar i blended treatment. Den här avhandlingen innehåller den första randomiserade kontrollerade studien på KBT-baserad epostterapi vid depression, samt det första internet-förmedlade självhjälpsprogrammet baserat på beteendeaktivering och ACT. / Depression is a debilitating disorder that affects a large part of the adult population every year. Yet there is still a lack of access to effective care for people in need. Cognitive Behaviour therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based method for treating depression that together with the increased availability of Internet services provides an opportunity to increase access to effective treatment. Internet-based interventions can be effective in the treatment of depression, but there is a lack of knowledge concerning which formats of delivery that can be used and if therapeutic alliance is of equal importance when providing treatment over the Internet. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the effects of different treatment formats (email therapy, guided self-help, and blended treatment) in internet-based CBT for depression and to further examine the role of alliance in these treatment modalities. Findings from this thesis show that email therapy and internetbased treatment programs were effective methods for treating depression. Alliance ratings were high, showing that a positive therapeutic alliance can be achieved in internet-based treatments. Patient-rated alliance could not predict outcome in any of the different treatment formats. However, therapist-rated alliance predicted change in depression during blended treatment. This thesis includes the first randomized controlled study on CBTbased email therapy, and the first internet-based behavioral activation program with ACT-components, for adult depression.

Background: It is well known that web-based interventions can be effective treatments for various conditions. Less is known about predictors, moderators, and mediators of outcome and especially interrelations between participant and interventions characteristics, process variables and outcomes in online interventions. Clinical trials often lack statistical power to detect variables that affect intervention effects and their interrelations. Within ICare, we can investigate the interrelation of potential predictor and process variables in a large sample. Method: The ICare consortium postulated a model of interrelations between participant and intervention characteristics, process variables and outcomes in online interventions. We will assess general and disorderspecific interrelations between characteristics of the intervention, characteristics of the participants, adherence, working alliance, early response, and intervention outcomes in a sample of over 7500 participants from seven clinical trials evaluating 15 online interventions addressing a range of mental health conditions and disorders, using an individual participant data meta-analyses approach. Discussion/conclusion: Existing research tends to support the efficacy of online mental health interventions, but the knowledge base regarding factors that affect intervention effects needs to be expanded. The overarching analyses using data from the ICare intervention trials will add considerably to the evidence.

Background: The Internet is of great importance in today’s health sector, as most Internet users utilize online functions for health related purposes. Concerning the mental health care sector, little data exist about the Internet use of psychiatric patients. It is the scope of this current study to analyze the quantity and pattern of Internet usage among mental health patients. Methods: Patients from all services of the Department of Psychiatry at a university hospital were surveyed by completing a 29-item questionnaire. The data analysis included evaluation of frequencies, as well as group comparisons. Results: 337 patients participated in the survey, of whom 79.5% were Internet users. Social media was utilized by less than half of the users: social networks (47.8%), forums (19.4%), chats (18.7%), blogs (12.3%). 70.9% used the Internet for mental health related reasons. The contents accessed by the patients included: information on mental disorders (57.8%), information on medication (43.7%), search for mental health services (38.8%), platforms with other patients (19.8%) and platforms with mental health professionals (17.2%). Differences in the pattern of use between users with low, medium and high frequency of Internet use were statistically significant for all entities of social media (p < 0.01), search for mental health services (p = 0.017) and usage of platforms with mental health professionals (p = 0. 048). The analysis of differences in Internet use depending on the participants’ type of mental disorder revealed no statistically significant differences, with one exception. Regarding the Internet’s role in mental health care, the participants showed differing opinions: 36.2% believe that the Internet has or may have helped them in coping with their mental disorder, while 38.4% stated the contrary. Conclusions: Most psychiatric patients are Internet users. Mental health related Internet use is common among patients, mainly for information seeking. The use of social media is generally less frequent. It varies significantly between different user types and was shown to be associated with high frequency of Internet use. The results illustrate the importance of the Internet in mental health related contexts and may contribute to the further development of mental health related online offers.

Hintergrund: Das Internet spielt heutzutage in Gesundheitsfragen eine große Rolle. Fast alle Internetnutzer greifen im Zusammenhang mit Erkrankungen auf Onlineangebote zurück, um beispielsweise Informationen über Krankheitsbilder oder Medikamente zu suchen. Speziell für den Bereich seelische Gesundheit verfügt das Internet darüber hinaus noch über weiteres Potential: Mit der Entwicklung von Online-Programmen wurden in den letzten Jahren neue Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für psychische Erkrankungen geschaffen. Diese verwenden die multimedialen Möglichkeiten des Internets zu therapeutischen Zwecken und konnten in zahlreichen Studien vielversprechende Ergebnisse zeigen. Für die Nutzung der Programme sind dabei regelmäßiger Internetzugang und Routine im Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Internetfunktionen notwendig - insbesondere mit sozialen Medien. Ausmaß und Muster der Internetnutzung psychiatrischer Patienten im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Erkrankung sind jedoch bislang kaum erforscht. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, das erkrankungsbezogene Internetnutzungsverhalten dieser Patientengruppe zu erfassen und zu analysieren. Methode: Patienten aller Stationen und Ambulanzen der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig wurden mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens zu ihrem Internetnutzungsverhalten befragt. Anhand von 29 Items wurden soziodemographische Daten, das allgemeine Internetnutzungsverhalten und die erkrankungsbezogene Internetnutzung (mental-health related Internet use) erfasst. Die Datenanalyse beinhaltete die Bestimmung von Häufigkeiten und Gruppenvergleiche. Hierzu wurde vornehmlich der Chi-Quadrat-Test verwendet. Ergebnisse: 337 Patienten nahmen an der Studie teil. 79.5% von ihnen waren Internetnutzer und wurden in Abhängigkeit von ihrer wöchentlichen Nutzungsdauer in die Subgruppen Wenig-, Mittel- und Vielnutzer eingeteilt. Soziale Medien wurden von weniger als der Hälfte der Nutzer verwendet: Soziale Netzwerke (47.8%), Foren (19.4%), Chats (18.7%), Blogs (12.3%). 70.9% nutzten das Internet im Kontext ihrer psychischen Erkrankung. Hierbei handelte es sich um folgende Inhalte: Informationen zu psychischen Erkrankungen (57.8%), Informationen zu Medikamenten (43.7%), Suche nach Psychiatern bzw. psychiatrischen Kliniken (38.8%), Erfahrungsaustausch mit anderen Betroffenen (19.8%), Nutzung von Foren mit Psychiatern (17.2%). Unterschiede im Nutzungsmuster zwischen Wenig-, Mittel- und Vielnutzern waren statistisch signifikant für alle Formen sozialer Medien (p<0.01), für die Suche nach Psychiatern und Kliniken (p=0.017) und für die Nutzung von Foren mit Psychiatern (p=0.048). Die Analyse der Internetnutzung in Abhängigkeit von der psychiatrischen Diagnose zeigte mit einer Ausnahme (Suche nach Psychiatern bzw. psychiatrischen Kliniken) keine statistisch signifikanten Ergebnisse. Die Rolle des Internets im Zusammenhang mit psychischen Erkrankungen wurde von den Studienteilnehmern unterschiedlich eingeschätzt: 36.2% waren der Meinung, dass das Internet bei der Bewältigung ihrer psychischen Erkrankungen eine Hilfe war oder sein könnte, während 38.4% das Gegenteil behaupteten. 27.6% der Befragten hatten Interesse an internetbasierten Selbstmanagementprogrammen teilzunehmen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Mehrzahl der psychiatrischen Patienten nutzt das Internet. Die Internetnutzung im Zusammenhang mit psychischen Erkrankungen ist verbreitet und dient vor allem der Informationssuche. Soziale Medien werden generell weniger genutzt, hierbei bestehen jedoch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Nutzergruppen. Die Möglichkeiten des Internets im Zusammenhang mit Krankheitsbewältigung und Selbstmanagement werden von Studienteilnehmern unterschiedlich bewertet. Die psychiatrische Diagnose und die Krankheitsschwere scheinen auf das Internetnutzungsverhalten einen vergleichsweise geringen Einfluss zu haben. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen die Bedeutung des Internets im Kontext psychischer Erkrankungen und könnten bei der weiteren Entwicklung von Internetangeboten für psychisch Erkrankte Berücksichtigung finden.

Introduction  Research about health has become a very important part of the world today. Theres a constant need for new treatment methods and evidence. Recruitment is one of the most challenging parts of conducting a trial, especially in trials regarding mental health. The result of this is often a waste of money and resources in research. Method  This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the recruitment in randomized controlled trials on internet-based CBT interventions for depression.  Results  The recruitment rates were calculated as number of participants screened divided by number of participants randomized into the trial. The overall recruitment rates of all the trials was 54.3%. The analysis of the recruitment moderators shown that a clinical recruitment setting together with referral as recruitment personnel.

Vård- och omsorgspersonal påverkas i dagsläget av hög stressrelaterad ohälsa, samtidigt som få interventioner implementeras för att hantera det. Studiens syfte var att utforska vård- och omsorgspersonals upplevelse av en internetbaserad stresshanteringskurs utifrån compassionfokuserad terapi med fokus på kursens genomförbarhet och hur den påverkat hantering av arbete och vardagligt liv. Flertalet regioner i Sverige representerades av elva deltagare som arbetade med direkt patientkontakt inom vård- och omsorg. Deltagarna besvarade frågeformulären Treatment Credibility Scale och “Utvärdering av stresshanteringskursen”. Sju deltagare deltog även i en semistrukturerad intervju som syftade till att utforska upplevelsen av kursen. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys samt deskriptiv sammanställning av frågeformulären. Resultatet påvisade att kursen hade hög genomförbarhet som ökade deltagarnas upplevda stresshantering. Alla deltagarna beskrev nya förhållningssätt utifrån bland annat ökade insikter och nya färdigheter. Studiens resultat indikerar att en liknande kurs kan implementeras i större skala för att öka vård- och omsorgspersonals hantering av stress samt öka välmående. / Care and nursing staff are currently affected by high-stress-related health issues, while few interventions are implemented to handle it. The purpose of the study was to explore care and nursing staff´s experiences of an internet-based stress management course based on compassion-focused therapy with a focus on the course's feasibility and how it affected coping of work and everyday life stress. Some regions in Sweden were represented by eleven participants who worked with direct patient contact in healthcare. Participants answered the questionnaires Treatment Credibility Scale and “Evaluation of the stress management course”. Seven participants also participated in a semi-structured interview which aimed to explore the experience of the course. The material was analyzed with qualitative content analysis and a descriptive compilation of the questionnaires. The results showed that the course had high feasibility that increased the participants' stress management. All participants described new approaches based on, for instance, increased insights and new skills. The results of the study indicate that a similar course can be implemented to a greater extent to increase care and nursing staff's coping of stress and well-being. / ICOP

Different architectures of gating networks that aggregate information from multiple modalities and their suitability for decision fusion is investigated. The research question, how does a gating network for decision fusion in multimodal classification problem compare to other alternatives, is answered by a quantitative and inductive reasoning approach. This is done by training different machine learning methods on individual modalities and fusing their predictions forthe final classification using M-MNIST, a new data set with three modalities (image, audio, and text). The gating networks achieve greater classification accuracy when fusing information from all modalities, in contrast to considering only one modality, or without fusion. The gating network potential is demonstrated by training it on modalities with different levels of classification accuracy where it achieves the highest average normalized gain when scoring the highest validation accuracy of the three fusion methods, where the results indicate that the gating network can suppress noise in the data. Moreover, by adding an additional weak modality to the gating network, the classification accuracy is improved, hinting at that there might be an incentive to use many weak modalities instead of a few strong ones. / Olika arkitekturer för gating-nätverk som aggregerar information från flera olika modaliteter undersöks här, liksom deras lämplighet för användning för att förena olika beslutsunderlag. Forskningsfrågan ”Hur bra står sig ett gating- nätverk för att ensa beslutsunderlag i multimodala klassificeringsproblem?” besvaras med ett kvantitativt och induktivt tillvägagångssätt. Olika maskininlärningsmetoder har tränats på singulära modaliteter och sedan ensa deras prediktioner för klassificering i M-MNIST: en ny ansamling data med tre modaliteter (bild, ljud och text). Nätverket uppnår bättre resultat i klassificeringen när information från alla modaliteter används, än när endast en modalitet används (eller utan ensning). Nätverkets potential har kunnat illustreras genom träning på modaliteter med olika nivåer av klassificeringskapacitet. Det får bästa resultat, mätt i högsta genomsnittliga normaliserade ökning, i samband med högsta valideringsresultat av de tre metoderna för ensning. Här indikerar resultaten att gating-nätverket kan undertrycka brus i datat. Genom att lägga till ytterligare en (svag) modalitet till nätverket så kan klassificeringens kvalitet ökas på, vilket antyder att det kan finnas skäl att använda många svaga modaliteter iställer för få starka modaliteter.