Purpose:The purpose of this master dissertation is to examine current research on trust and its building process in business to business relationship from marketing and behavioral sciences perspectives. Research Questions: (1) What relationships do inter-organizational trust and inter-personal trust have? (2) How trust is built from perspectives of business and behavioral sciences? (3) What benefits and limitations do trust researches in behavioral sciences have, comparing to trust research in marketing? Research Design/Methodology: Qualitative research conducted a literature review between business administration and behavioral sciences, and interdisciplinary interviews with nine scholars and four business managers. Meanwhile, criteria are generated to ensure research quality. Findings: The finding of this research claims that interpersonal and interorganizational trusts are linked with organizational learning theory. Trust-building process is a social cognition sequence, which developed based on theory of social cognition and social interaction. A conceptual framework of trust-building process on the basis of social cognition was developed. Managerial Implications: This research suggests that mangers need to improve companies’ learning and cognition capability in order to identify new business opportunities, reduce the risk on mistakenly trust ineptitude partners, and increase companies’ competitive advantages.

The purpose of the study was to examine elements which affected students' team trust building in an online collaborative learning team and relationships among these elements. The setting of this study was a graduate-level online course on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) in which all course activities were conducted collaboratively through online communications. Data were collected from multiple sources including interviews which were audio taped, transcripts of students' self-reflective journals, transcripts of messages on the asynchronous web conferencing system, transcripts of messages on the synchronous web conferencing system, and the researcher's reflective journals. Data were analyzed using the coding procedures for developing grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results of the data analysis indicated the influences of CSCL course context including the collaborative nature of the course and the heterogeneity of teams on students' team trust building. Results also indicated the dynamics of team trust building. Four different components of team trust building, which were initial team trust, contributors, dimensions, and consequences of team trust, influenced one another. Students’ initial team trust influenced the contributors to team trust which were students' competence, reliability, online communication, and caring. In addition, these contributors influenced the dimensions of team trust such as task performance trust and interpersonal trust. Once students built trust in their teams, they could develop collaborative knowledge building and a sense of community which were the consequences of team trust. The consequences of students’ team trust, in turn, influenced the contributors to team trust. Understanding the construct of team trust may help not only instructors in their design and guidance of successful online collaborative learning teams, but also students in various online collaborative learning teams. In addition, the results of this study may help instructors and researchers to consider carefully the issues in relation to online team trust building. / text

Purpose With trust being an essential component in the sharing economy, this paper aims to understand how trust is established in practice and which relationships between consumer, supplier and platform specific tools and processes serve.   Problem Previous research has acknowledged the importance of trust but solely investigated single trust-building tools. Instead of presenting a trust construct composed of mechanisms describing their interplay between the three parties involved in the sharing economy, previous scholars have focused their research on the specificities of single tools and processes. With the sharing economy as a recent phenomenon, companies have an interest in investigating the implementation of different mechanisms and their effectiveness.   Method and Methodology This paper adopts a qualitative research approach in which content analysis was applied to group tools and processes and link them to one of the six trust streams between consumer, supplier and the platform. Moreover, the research deductively builds on existing literature by using present theory as a foundation and inductively analyses findings based on collected data.   Findings The findings of this paper reveal a broad spectrum of different trust-building tools and processes. Linking these to one of the specific relationship between the three parties in the sharing economy, this paper concludes that companies emphasize on gaining the consuming peer’s trust both towards the platforms and the supplying peers.

Trust for health care professionals (interpersonal trust) and the health care system (institutional trust) is imperative for the performance of health care systems. However, at the same time, contemporary societies today are characterised by decreasing levels of trust and citizens today are increasingly inclined to seek health information from sources beyond health care professionals. Sociologists have argued that societal institutions, such as the health care system, are subject to individuals’ increasing mistrust, which has created a “critical distance” between lay citizens and modern medicine. In this critical distance, the health care system and its representatives are continually questioned why citizens’ trust for the medical institution can not be taken for granted. Because individuals living in the modern society are more inclined to take control over their health by engaging in health information seeking behaviour, the present study aims to examine whether there exists an association between interpersonal and institutional trust and differences in health information seeking behaviour. This study focuses on the Swedish context, where decreasing levels of trust for societal institutions - including the health care system, have been reported. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using data from European Social Survey (2004) was utilised to answer the research questions “Is the degree of trust for the health care system in Sweden associated with individuals' health information seeking behaviours?” and “Is the degree of trust for health care professionals in Sweden associated with individuals' health information seeking behaviours?”. The majority of the results from this study were not statistically significant, why the null hypothesis can not be ruled out. More recently collected data and more representative operationalisations of variables might generate more valid results. The study topic provides a potentially fruitful and valuable route for future scientific research, why it is considered important to further investigate whether mistrust for the healthcare system and its experts motivates individuals to consult alternative sources rather than health care professionals when seeking health information.

本研究定位為探索性(exploratory)研究，所欲探討的問題為「組織中人際信任之形成」。其中包含組織中人際信任如何形成？組織中人際信任在何種系絡(context)下形成？以及組織中人際信任在其所處的系絡中形成之後，呈現出什麼風貌？研究目的在於理解人際信任形成之過程，組織系絡對於形成組織成員之間的信任之影響，以及有助於組織建立適當的人際信任。 本研究從個人與系絡的層次上探討組織中人際信任的形成，理論基礎為社會交換理論與交易成本理論。首先，由人際信任的形成開始探究，討論人際信任形成的過程，而後導出一個人際信任形成的概念架構；其次，將人際信任的形成置於組織成員的人際系絡下探討，藉由理論基礎以發掘出人際信任的型式，並透過探討組織中人際系絡的影響，以說明組織中人際信任所形成的各種型式；最後，於結論中提出本研究的發現：組織中人際信任的形成過程分為預設、預測、及評估三階段，組織中人際信任的形成受到權威系絡與關係系絡的影響，不同的行動值預測導致相異的信任程度，組織中人際信任具有移轉性，且據此提示管理者、一般組織成員、以及人力資源實務工作者，有關組織中人際信任形成所帶來的啟示。 / Designed as an exploratory study, this study attempted exploring the formation of interpersonal trust within organizations, including how and which context is interpersonal trust within organizations formed, and what is it after being formed. The purposes of the study were to realize the process of forming interpersonal trust within organizations, the influence of forming trust within organizational members in organizational contexts, and to wish to be useful to built appropriate interpersonal trust within organizations. The study based on social exchange theory and transaction costs theory explored the formation of interpersonal trust within organizations at individual and contextual level. At first, the study discussed the formation of interpersonal trust , which put emphasis on the process of forming interpersonal trust, and thereby evolve into a conceptual framework of forming interpersonal trust. Moreover, the formation of interpersonal trust were discussed in interpersonal contexts within organizational members, found four types of interpersonal trust through literature review, and then examine types of interpersonal trust within organizations with discussing the influence of interpersonal contexts within organizations. In conclusion, the findings of the study were that (1) presumption , prediction, and evaluation consist of the forming process of interpersonal trust within organizations, (2) guanxi and authority contexts affect the forming process of interpersonal trust within organizations, (3) different action predictions lead to different levels of trust, and (4) interpersonal trust within organizations can be transferred to another specific organizational member. Besides, it had implications for supervisors, usual organizational members, and HR workers.

Dans la continuité des travaux de Doney et Cannon (1997), Morgan et Hunt (1994) et Sirdeshmukh et al (2002), cette recherche se propose de tester un modèle structurel intégrateur de la confiance, de ses antécédents et conséquences, appliqué au contexte de la relation banque-client en Tunisie. Ce modèle cherche à mesurer l’effet des facettes institutionnelle et interpersonnelle de la confiance sur l’orientation long terme du client, et ce pour deux structures de gouvernance (publique et privée). Les résultats de la recherche confirment les partis pris conceptuels. Ils valident la structure de la confiance en tant que construit à deux facettes (institutionnelle et interpersonnelle) et trois dimensions (compétence, intégrité et bienveillance). Les effets anticipés sur l’engagement s’avèrent, par contre, contrastés par rapport à ceux révélés dans des recherches antérieures. Ils donnent aux aspects interpersonnels (confiance interpersonnelle et traitement préférentiel) et affectifs (satisfaction) de la relation un poids particulier par rapport aux aspects institutionnels (confiance institutionnelle et valeur perçue) dont les effets s’avèrent faibles, surtout dans la banque publique. Contrairement aux contextes européens et nord américains, la dimension sociale de l’échange s’avère déterminante en matière de construction de relations de confiance dans le contexte tunisien. Les résultats témoignent de l’encastrement de la relation bancaire dans le réseau des connaissances personnelles des individus et mettent en avant l’importance des liens faible, au sens de Granovetter, dans l’engagement du client. / In the continuity of the work of Doney and Cannon (1997), Morgan and Hunt (1994) and Sirdeshmukh and al (2002), this research tests a structural model integrating trust, its antecedents and consequences in the context of bank-client relationship in Tunisia. This model seeks to measure the effect of institutional and interpersonal facets of trust on the commitment of the client in his relationship with his bank, and this for two structures of governance (public and private). Research results confirm the conceptual bias, and validate the structure of trust as a two-facet (institutional and interpersonal) and three-dimensional (competence, integrity and benevolence) construct. The anticipated effects on commitment are, in contradiction, contrasting compared to those revealed in previous studies. They accord a particular interest to interpersonal (trust and preferential treatment) and affective (satisfaction) aspects of the relation vis–a-vis institutional aspects whose effects proved to be weak. In contrast to European and North American cultures, the social dimension of trade is crucial in building trust in the Tunisian context. The results demonstrate the embeddedness of the banking relationship in to the network of individuals and they underline the strength of weak ties, as apprehended by Granovetter, in the commitment of the client.

It is generally accepted that innovation of product, services and/or technologies, whether gradual or radical, is a source of competitive advantage for new and existing businesses. Adapting to changes in a volatile global market environment is a prerequisite for the sustainability of any business. The primary objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the cognitive, affective, lateral and vertical dimensions of interpersonal trust and organisational innovativeness within the Sasol Polymers, Chlor Alkali Business. In order to achieve the abovementioned objective, a literature review was conducted and a quantitative study undertaken using a target group of 189 individuals within the business. Primary data collection was undertaken in the form of a questionnaire which was compiled using items from standardised questionnaires published by previous researchers. Interpretation of the data revealed that the respondents are only moderately positive about the levels of interpersonal trust and organisational innovativeness within the business. In addition to this, although no causal relationship is implied, the research results revealed a practically significant positive correlation between the overall lateral, vertical, cognitive and affective-based trust constructs and the overall organisational innovativeness construct. The recommendation of this study centres on reinforcing all three facets of the trustworthiness construct mentioned in Meyer et al.’s (1995) model by constantly reminding people of the importance of “living” the Sasol Values. In addition to trustworthiness, the concept is further bolstered by firstly, ensuring that the competency and skills set gaps are identified and rectified, secondly, by continuously demonstrating caring behaviours and, thirdly, by ensuring that all interactions are governed by a set of accepted ethical behaviours. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

It is generally accepted that innovation of product, services and/or technologies, whether gradual or radical, is a source of competitive advantage for new and existing businesses. Adapting to changes in a volatile global market environment is a prerequisite for the sustainability of any business. The primary objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the cognitive, affective, lateral and vertical dimensions of interpersonal trust and organisational innovativeness within the Sasol Polymers, Chlor Alkali Business. In order to achieve the abovementioned objective, a literature review was conducted and a quantitative study undertaken using a target group of 189 individuals within the business. Primary data collection was undertaken in the form of a questionnaire which was compiled using items from standardised questionnaires published by previous researchers. Interpretation of the data revealed that the respondents are only moderately positive about the levels of interpersonal trust and organisational innovativeness within the business. In addition to this, although no causal relationship is implied, the research results revealed a practically significant positive correlation between the overall lateral, vertical, cognitive and affective-based trust constructs and the overall organisational innovativeness construct. The recommendation of this study centres on reinforcing all three facets of the trustworthiness construct mentioned in Meyer et al.’s (1995) model by constantly reminding people of the importance of “living” the Sasol Values. In addition to trustworthiness, the concept is further bolstered by firstly, ensuring that the competency and skills set gaps are identified and rectified, secondly, by continuously demonstrating caring behaviours and, thirdly, by ensuring that all interactions are governed by a set of accepted ethical behaviours. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Southern African organisations have to survive In an increasingly competitive and globalised market. Southern African organisations are characterised through low productivity levels, low levels of trust between employers and employees, low levels of organisational commitment and effectiveness. Solutions must be found in order to overcome these problems and to prevent them in the future. This study might offer such a solution. The primary goal of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and interpersonal trust, and whether this relationship is influenced through organisational justice (in terms of procedural, interactional and distributive justice). The basis of this study was to establish whether procedural justice had a mediating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and trust, and whether distributive justice had a mediating effect on the relationship between transactional leadership and trust. Another goal of this study was to establish whether there was a direct relationship between transformational leadership and trust. This study was based on a model of Pillai, Schriesheim and Williams (1999) who tested these relationships in the USA. Their results gave rise to replicating this study in Southern Africa. A literature study of transformational and transactional leadership, organisational justice (in terms of procedural, interactional, and distributive justice) and trust was conducted. The relationship between these constructs has also been analysed in the literature study. A questionnaire consisting of four sections was compiled in accordance with the literature study. These questionnaires were distributed to a Namibian bank. Twelve branches took part in this research. The sample comprised 281 persons, each of whom had to complete the questionnaire. Section A of the questionnaire was designed to give an indication of the demographic variables of the participants. Section B measured transformational and transactional leadership. This section was based on Bass and Avolio's multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ). Section C was compiled in accordance with Moorman's study of organisational justice. This section measured procedural, interactional and distributive justice. The last section, Section D, measured trust and was based on Bews's questionnaire of trust. The statistical analysis was conducted in two phases. In phase one, the confirmatory factor analysis on the original theoretical model did not produce adequate goodness-of-fit statistics. The structural model did not converge on LISREL in the first phase. Subsequently, alternative solutions had to be found and a second phase of statistical analysis was undertaken. In this phase, the various leadership dimensions were separated to test their individual effects in the model. Initially, principal component analyses using Varimax rotation and item analyses were performed on the data set using SPSS. Some items had to be removed as a result of the dimensionality and item analyses. Thereafter confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the reduced data set, using LISREL. The results indicated satisfactory factor loadings on the measurement models. Good fit was also revealed for the measurement models. Consequently, the structural model was tested on LISREL. The results provided reasonable goodness-of-fit statistics, but some hypotheses failed to be corroborated in this study. New insights have also been gained through the results. Conclusions were drawn from the results obtained and recommendations are made for future research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suider-Afrikaanse ondernemings moet in 'n toenemend kompeterende en internasionale besigheidswêreld probeer oorleef. Suider-Afrikaanse ondernemings word egter gekenmerk deur lae produktiwiteitsvlakke, 'n groot mate van wantroue tussen werknemers en werkgewers, lae vlakke van organisatoriese betrokkenheid en effektiwiteit. Oplossings moet gevind word om hierdie probleme te oorkom en in die toekoms te voorkom. Hierdie studie lewer moontlik 'n oplossing. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie IS om te bepaal of daar 'n verwantskap tussen transformasionele en transaksionele leierskap en vertroue bestaan, en of hierdie verwantskap deur persepsies van billikheid beïnvloed word. Die grondslag van dié studie was om vas te stelof prosessuele (procedural) billikheid 'n bemiddelende invloed op die verband tussen transformasionele leierskap en vertroue uitoefen, en of distributiewe billikheid 'n bemiddelende invloed uitoefen op die verhouding tussen transaksionele leierskap en vertroue. Verder is daar ook gekyk of daar 'n direkte verband tussen transformasionele leierskap en vertroue bestaan. Hierdie studie is gegrond op Pillai, Schriesheim en Williams (1999) se model, wat die verband tussen hierdie konstrukte in die VSA getoets het. Hulle resultate het aanleiding tot die herhaling van hierdie studie in Suider-Afrika gegee. 'n Literatuurstudie oor transformasionele en transaksionele leierskap, organisatoriese billikheid (in terme van prosessuele, interaktiewe en distributiewe billikheid) en vertroue is uitgevoer. Die verband tussen hierdie konstrukte is ook in die literatuurstudie ontleed. 'n Vraelys is na aanleiding van die literatuurstudie opgestel en in 'n Namibiese Bank versprei. Twaalf banktakke het aan hierdie studie deelgeneem. Die steekproef het uit 281 persone bestaan wat elkeen 'n vraelys moes voltooi. Afdeling A van die vraelys was ontwerp om 'n aanduiding van die demografiese veranderlikes van die deelnemers te verkry. Afdeling B het transformasionele en transaksionele leierskap gemeet en was op Bass en Avolio se leierskapsvraelys gebaseer. Afdeling C is opgestel na aanleiding van Moorman se studie oor billikheid in orgarnsasies. Hierdie deel het prosessuele, interaktiewe en distributiewe billikheid gemeet. Die laaste afdeling, afdeling D, het interpersoonlike vertroue gemeet en is gebaseer op Bews se vertrouevraelys. Die statistiese analise is in twee fases uitgevoer. In die eerste fase is die oorspronklike teoretiese modelop LISREL getoets. Die bevestigende faktoranalises van die latente veranderlikes het nie goeie passingstatistieke getoon nie. Die strukturele model het ook nie gekonvergeer nie. As gevolg hiervan moes alternatiewe oplossings gevind word en 'n tweede fase van statistiese anal ise is toegepas. Die leierskapsoriëntasies is opgedeel In hulle onderskeie dimensies. Daaropvolgend is eers dimensieanalise met die hulp van hootkomponentontleding en itemontleding gedoen. Verskeie items moes op grond van hierdie analises verwyder word. Op die verkorte datastel is daar weer 'n bevestigende faktoranalises met behulp van LISREL gedoen. Die passingstatistieke het hier aanvaarbare resultate opgelewer. Vervolgens is die nuwe strukturele model met behulp van LISREL getoets. Die resultate het redelike passingstatistieke gelewer, maar daar kon nie steun vir alle hipoteses gevind word nie. Nuwe insigte is deur die resultate verwerf. Op grond van die resultate is daar tot bepaalde gevolgtrekkings gekom en daar word aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing gemaak.

Submitted by Alvaro José de Oliveira (alvaroifal@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-06T17:33:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese CAPITAL SOCIAL E TECNOLOGIA SOCIAL- Um estudo de caso na Associação Aroeira em Alagoas : Autor - Alvaro José de Oliveira.pdf: 59560981 bytes, checksum: 7531bfd6b104641b30fbf4f873ee9c6b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2017-02-17T18:45:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese CAPITAL SOCIAL E TECNOLOGIA SOCIAL- Um estudo de caso na Associação Aroeira em Alagoas : Autor - Alvaro José de Oliveira.pdf: 59560981 bytes, checksum: 7531bfd6b104641b30fbf4f873ee9c6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T18:45:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese CAPITAL SOCIAL E TECNOLOGIA SOCIAL- Um estudo de caso na Associação Aroeira em Alagoas : Autor - Alvaro José de Oliveira.pdf: 59560981 bytes, checksum: 7531bfd6b104641b30fbf4f873ee9c6b (MD5) / CAPES / A presente tese teve como objetivo analisar dimensões do Capital Social dos membros de uma Associação no Estado de Alagoas onde houve o desenvolvimento de uma Tecnologia Social. As dimensões do capital social analisadas foram: Capacidade Associativa, Confiança interpessoal, Cooperação e Sociabilidade. Os principais aportes teóricos versaram sobre capital social e tecnologia social. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os membros da Associação Aroeira, localizada no município de Piaçabuçu no Estado de Alagoas/Brasil, onde houve o desenvolvimento da tecnologia social de beneficiamento da pimenta-rosa, bem como representantes do Instituto Ecoengenho, instituição que colaborou com a Associação Aroeira no desenvolvimento da tecnologia social, e membros da comunidade de Piaçabuçu. Trata-se de um estudo de caso único, caracterizado como pesquisa aplicada, quali- quantitativa e exploratória que evoluiu para uma pesquisa descritiva, adotando como procedimento uma pesquisa de levantamento, com entrevistas e aplicação de formulário, e a observação sistemática. Observou-se como resultado que a tecnologia desenvolvida para o beneficiamento da pimenta-rosa caracteriza-se como tecnologia social. Quanto às dimensões do capital social analisadas, verificou-se que os membros da Associação Aroeira demonstraram terem aprofundado estas dimensões a partir do desenvolvimento da tecnologia social, ressaltando-se que a dimensão que apresentou alguma fragilidade foi a capacidade associativa. / ABSTRACT This thesis aimed to analyze dimensions of Social Capital of the members of an association in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, where they developed a social technology. Some dimensions of social capital were analyzed: associative capacity, interpersonal trust, cooperation and sociability. The main theoretical contributions were about social capital and social technology. The individuals from the research were members of Aroeira Association, located in Piaçabuçu county in the state of Alagoas / Brazil, where there was the development of pepper rose improvement of social technology; as well as representatives of Ecoengenho Institute, an institution that collaborated with Aroeira Association in the development of social technology, and members of Piaçabuçu community. This is a single case study, characterized as applied research, qualitative and quantitative, and exploratory which evolved into a descriptive research, adopting as a search procedure, with interviews and application forms, and also systematic observation. It was observed as a result that the developed technology for the pink pepper improvement was characterized as social technology. As to the dimensions of the social capital analyzed, it was found that the members of the Aroeira Association demonstrated have deepened these dimensions from the development of social technology, it should be emphasized that the dimension that showed some weakness was the associative capacity