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The tourism sector in Stockholms city, Sweden, is a dynamic industry that through the years has generated large revenues and job openings. Unpredictable events such as terrorism, pandemics, natural disasters and climate changes, may have great imapct on the tourism sector. This may be true to most cities in the world including Stockholm. in this thesis, the effect of various unpredictable events has been investigated through interviews with city of Stockholm and the authority for community protection and preparedness. In use of strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT-analys). The main conclusion of this thesis is that the Covid-19 pandemic (year 2020) has shown that the emergency preparations for unpredictable events are incorrectly dimensiond. This means that the city of Stockholm needs to work more proactively in the future to ensure that the tourism sector is not jeopardized during upcoming unpredictable events.

This research analyses the influence of the power of a name, particularly on Zulu speaking people in South Africa. It further analyses the effect of names in other Nguni speaking communities in this country. On a wider scale it also looks at the power and the influence of names given to people of other countries on the African continent. The research primarily investigates the effects of the power of a name on the life of a black person. A name could actually lure a person to enact its meaning. For instance, the name uBagangile could influence the bearer of the name to be generally naughty or if not so, relatives around her might act naughty in different ways. It is pointed out that the act of name-giving with concomitant power vested in a name originates from God. The bearer was expected to act out the meaning of his/her name. God's power hidden in the name would constrain an individual to behave in a certain way within his/her community. The research points out that a name is not only a label that helps in the identification of an individual or an entity. A name is something that is multi-functional. First it becomes a label, a descriptive tool that may refer to a person's body structure. It is possible that a name may divulge a situation in which the person was born. Most importantly, it has the power to make the bearer become what the name means. Usually names carry one of the above accounts. If the name was chosen by an insightful name giver it may carry more than one of the above qualities. During the years of oppression before the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994, community members made extensive use of names from the languages of the white oppressors. White names had an impact on the lives of bearers, because of the meanings and contexts associated with them. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

O presente trabalho objetiva o estudo dos aspectos legais pertinentes à entrega vigiada, vista como meio de investigação. A escolha do tema surgiu da preocupação com o avanço do crime organizado, que ganhou contornos transnacionais, e a necessidade de adoção de novos métodos de investigação, capazes de refrear este tipo de criminalidade. Cada vez mais os Estados percebem que os meios ordinários de investigação tornaram-se obsoletos e ineficazes para fazer frente ao avanço das operações desenvolvidas pelas organizações criminosas, porquanto se utilizam de modernos artifícios para perpetrar suas práticas delitivas. Tratar-se-á da entrega vigiada propriamente dita, técnica que permite que remessas ilícitas ou suspeitas circulem de forma monitorada, sob controle das autoridades competentes, conceituando-a e apresentando suas características e peculiaridades, bem como procurando delimitar sua natureza jurídica. Também será examinado o tratamento conferido à entrega vigiada na legislação alienígena. Ademais, como instrumento de cooperação internacional, a entrega vigiada tende a ser adotada paulatinamente entre os diversos países signatários das convenções internacionais nas quais previstas este meio investigativo. Para completa análise do instituto, indispensável enfrentar a árdua tarefa de ponderação da entrega vigiada à luz da eficiência e garantismo. Pretende-se apontar as possíveis ofensas aos princípios constitucionais e processuais penais que o meio investigatório da entrega vigiada pode acarretar, especificando os requisitos acreditados como indispensáveis para a regulamentação da entrega vigiada, de modo a delimitar sua atuação e, por conseguinte, evitar o cometimento de odiosos abusos por parte dos envolvidos no emprego desta técnica de investigação. Serão expostos aspectos positivos, falhas e críticas ao instituto em exame. Almeja-se, como contribuição desta dissertação, a apresentação de algumas sugestões para o escorreito e eficaz emprego da técnica da entrega vigiada, de modo a resguardar, obrigatoriamente, os direitos do investigado. / The present work aims the study of pertinent legal aspects of monitored delivery, as a means of investigation. The choice of the subject came from the concern of the organized crime increase, that reached international levels and the necessity of adoption of new methods of inquiry, enabling to reprimand this type of crime. The State has acknowledged that the usual inquiry has become obsolete and inefficient in face of the advance of the operations developed by the criminal organizations, which make use of advanced techniques to perpetrate illegal practices. It concerns the monitored delivery, a technique that allows illicit or suspicious packages to circulate freely, under control of the competent authorities, appraising them and presenting their characteristics and peculiarities, as well as their legal nature. Also the treatment to the monitored delivery in the foreign legislation will be examined. Furthermore, as an instrument of international cooperation, the monitored delivery tends to be adopted gradually entering the diverse signatory countries of the international conventions foreseen in this institute. For complete analysis of the institute, indispensable to face the arduous task of balance of the monitored delivery to efficiency and warranty. It is intended to point the possible offences of the constitutional principles of penal law that the inquiry of the monitored delivery can result in, specifying the requirements as indispensable with respect to the regulation of the monitored delivery, in order to delimit its performance and, therefore, to prevent hateful abuses involving the inquiry technique. Positive aspects, imperfections and criticism to the institute in examination will be exposed. It is intended, as a contribution of this dissertation, the presentation of some suggestions for the proper and efficient job of the technique of the monitored delivery, in order to protect, obligatorily, the rights of the investigated.

This research analyses the influence of the power of a name, particularly on Zulu speaking people in South Africa. It further analyses the effect of names in other Nguni speaking communities in this country. On a wider scale it also looks at the power and the influence of names given to people of other countries on the African continent. The research primarily investigates the effects of the power of a name on the life of a black person. A name could actually lure a person to enact its meaning. For instance, the name uBagangile could influence the bearer of the name to be generally naughty or if not so, relatives around her might act naughty in different ways. It is pointed out that the act of name-giving with concomitant power vested in a name originates from God. The bearer was expected to act out the meaning of his/her name. God's power hidden in the name would constrain an individual to behave in a certain way within his/her community. The research points out that a name is not only a label that helps in the identification of an individual or an entity. A name is something that is multi-functional. First it becomes a label, a descriptive tool that may refer to a person's body structure. It is possible that a name may divulge a situation in which the person was born. Most importantly, it has the power to make the bearer become what the name means. Usually names carry one of the above accounts. If the name was chosen by an insightful name giver it may carry more than one of the above qualities. During the years of oppression before the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994, community members made extensive use of names from the languages of the white oppressors. White names had an impact on the lives of bearers, because of the meanings and contexts associated with them. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

O presente trabalho objetiva o estudo dos aspectos legais pertinentes à entrega vigiada, vista como meio de investigação. A escolha do tema surgiu da preocupação com o avanço do crime organizado, que ganhou contornos transnacionais, e a necessidade de adoção de novos métodos de investigação, capazes de refrear este tipo de criminalidade. Cada vez mais os Estados percebem que os meios ordinários de investigação tornaram-se obsoletos e ineficazes para fazer frente ao avanço das operações desenvolvidas pelas organizações criminosas, porquanto se utilizam de modernos artifícios para perpetrar suas práticas delitivas. Tratar-se-á da entrega vigiada propriamente dita, técnica que permite que remessas ilícitas ou suspeitas circulem de forma monitorada, sob controle das autoridades competentes, conceituando-a e apresentando suas características e peculiaridades, bem como procurando delimitar sua natureza jurídica. Também será examinado o tratamento conferido à entrega vigiada na legislação alienígena. Ademais, como instrumento de cooperação internacional, a entrega vigiada tende a ser adotada paulatinamente entre os diversos países signatários das convenções internacionais nas quais previstas este meio investigativo. Para completa análise do instituto, indispensável enfrentar a árdua tarefa de ponderação da entrega vigiada à luz da eficiência e garantismo. Pretende-se apontar as possíveis ofensas aos princípios constitucionais e processuais penais que o meio investigatório da entrega vigiada pode acarretar, especificando os requisitos acreditados como indispensáveis para a regulamentação da entrega vigiada, de modo a delimitar sua atuação e, por conseguinte, evitar o cometimento de odiosos abusos por parte dos envolvidos no emprego desta técnica de investigação. Serão expostos aspectos positivos, falhas e críticas ao instituto em exame. Almeja-se, como contribuição desta dissertação, a apresentação de algumas sugestões para o escorreito e eficaz emprego da técnica da entrega vigiada, de modo a resguardar, obrigatoriamente, os direitos do investigado. / The present work aims the study of pertinent legal aspects of monitored delivery, as a means of investigation. The choice of the subject came from the concern of the organized crime increase, that reached international levels and the necessity of adoption of new methods of inquiry, enabling to reprimand this type of crime. The State has acknowledged that the usual inquiry has become obsolete and inefficient in face of the advance of the operations developed by the criminal organizations, which make use of advanced techniques to perpetrate illegal practices. It concerns the monitored delivery, a technique that allows illicit or suspicious packages to circulate freely, under control of the competent authorities, appraising them and presenting their characteristics and peculiarities, as well as their legal nature. Also the treatment to the monitored delivery in the foreign legislation will be examined. Furthermore, as an instrument of international cooperation, the monitored delivery tends to be adopted gradually entering the diverse signatory countries of the international conventions foreseen in this institute. For complete analysis of the institute, indispensable to face the arduous task of balance of the monitored delivery to efficiency and warranty. It is intended to point the possible offences of the constitutional principles of penal law that the inquiry of the monitored delivery can result in, specifying the requirements as indispensable with respect to the regulation of the monitored delivery, in order to delimit its performance and, therefore, to prevent hateful abuses involving the inquiry technique. Positive aspects, imperfections and criticism to the institute in examination will be exposed. It is intended, as a contribution of this dissertation, the presentation of some suggestions for the proper and efficient job of the technique of the monitored delivery, in order to protect, obligatorily, the rights of the investigated.

<p>    </p> <p>Development on instrumentation and algorithms for chemical structure and chemical kinetics are discussed in this thesis. In Chapter 2 and 3, a consensus equilibrium formalism is introduced for the integration of multiple quantum chemical calculations of molecular and electronic structure. In multi-agent consensus equilibrium (MACE), iterative updates in structure optimization are intertwined with the net output, representing an equilibrium balance between multiple computational agents. MACE structure calculations from the integration of multiple low-level electronic structure calculations were compared favorably for small molecules, with results evaluated through comparison with higher level structure (CCSD). Notably, MACE results differed substantially from the average of the independent computational agent outputs, with MACE yielding improved agreement with higher-level CCSD calculations. The primary focus is on the development of the mathematical framework for implementing MACE for molecular and electronic structure determination, these initial preliminary results suggest potential promise for the use of MACE to improve the accuracy of low-level electronic structure calculations through the integration of multiple parallel methods. In Chapter 4 and 5, Fourier- transform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FT-FRAP) coupled with periodically comb pattern was demonstrated to monitor the controlled-release mechanisms of microparticles. By monitoring the time-lapse recovery patterns, spatial mobility were decoded in FT domain. Due to the nature of mobility encoded in FT domain, substantial improvements were demonstrated in terms of enhanced signal-to-noise, simplified mathematics, low requirements of sampling, and multiphoton compatibility to probe inside samples. FT-FRAP was able to discriminate and quantify the internal diffusion and exchange to higher mobility in fitting the recovery kinetics within microparticles. Theoretical modeling of exchange and diffusion- controlled release revealed that both RS and RL microparticles exhibited similar exchange decay, with RL having a much higher diffusion decay. The microscopically higher diffusion of RL microparticles is consistent with the dissolution performance of RL microparticles macroscopically. The distinction of controlled release mechanisms provided by FT-FRAP is important to understand and further optimize the design of controlled release systems for GI tract. </p>

This study investigated the factors affecting the teaching of English reading skills in a second language of Grade 3 learners in three primary schools, in Ongwediva town of Oshana Regional Education Directorate in Northern Namibia. It also investigated methods and approaches that were used to promote the teaching of reading in English as a second language and the linguistic environment of the classroom in which the teaching of reading occurs. Classroom environments were observed and telephonic interview was conducted with the circuit inspector of the three schools selected. Individual interviews were also done with the principals, Grade 3 teachers and Grade 3 learners of the three chosen schools. Focus group interview was also done with the same Grade 3 teachers. This study found out that insufficient reading books, poor teaching methods, insufficient teachers’ and learners’ interactions and overcrowded classrooms were some of the factors that made the teaching of reading unsuccessful. From the interviews of the circuit inspector, principals and teachers it was revealed that inadequate teacher training workshops for teachers teaching English reading, lack of parental involvement, low budget allocation to Primary Education and lack of reading capacity in vernacular affected the teaching of reading negatively. The outcome of learners’ interviews indicated that phonemic awareness and lack of comprehension created reading problems. Given the factors referred above, it is recommended that more interesting readers should be purchased to solve the shortage of reading materials. In addition, more effective teachers’ workshops should be given to strengthen the teachers’ approaches to reading skills development for Grade 3 learners. / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Early Childhood Development) / Educational Studies

In isiZulu and English abstract / Lolu cwaningo lucubungula amagalelo kaLawrence Molefe ekubhaIweni kwemidlalo yakhe emibili ethi Bengithi Lizokuna kanye nethi Bahlukumezekile Behlakaniphelana Nje. Inhloso yocwaningo kule midlalo ukubheka ukuthi abalingiswa bayo bethiwe kanjani na? Lolu cwaningo luhamba luthinte izinsiza kuhlaziya esingathi amathiyori (theories) nendlela aytha abalingiswa bakhe ngayo kanye nesitayela esisetshenziswe umbhali kule midlalo yakhe emibili. Kukhethwe le mibhalo kaLawrence Molefe ukuze sibone ukuthi ingabe kukhona okusha esingakufunda kuye uma sibheka indlela aytha ngayo abalingiswa bakhe nokuthi uhambisana kanjani kuyiphiramidi kaFreytagi (1863). Lo msebenzi wehlukaniswe waba yizahluko eziyisithupha . Lolu cwaningo lubhekelele indlela elandelwayo uma kwethiwa amagama ukuthi ingabe indlela efanele nokuthi okuphi okumelwe kulandelwe uma kwethiwa amagama. Kubhekwa ukuthi ikuphi lokhu kubaluleka okuqukethwe ukuba khona kwegama emuntwini. Kuyazeka nokho ukuthi lolu hlobo locwaningo lunalo izingqinamba okuhlangatshezwana nazo okungaba ukungatholi izinsiza ezifanele ezizoba nolwazi olwanele mayelana nokwethiwa kwamagama ikakhulukazi asuke ebhalwe ngesiZulu. Kuyatholakala ukuthi kwezinye izilimi akuyona inkinga kangakho ukuthola ulwazi olusuke luxhumene nalo mkhakha. Miningi imiqulu ekhiqiziwe ewusizo ngezilimi zesiNgisi ikakhulukazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele umcwaningi embule ambulule azame ukuthi abe nezindlela eziphusile azokwazi ukuzisebenzisa ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwakhe. Kubuye kubeke umcwaningi ethubeni lokuthi abheke phela ukuthi izinhloso zocwaningo lwakhe ziwela emkhakheni wesikhashana esifushane noma wesikhathi eside. Kodwa lokhu kuchaza ukuthi azibhekelele lezo zinhloso uma eqhuba ucwaningo lwakhe. Kubalulekile ukuthi umcwaningi abheke ukuthi iyiphi ithiyori yokwethiwa kwamagama angase ayilandele nokuthi athini manye mathiyori na. Lokhu kubuye kweyame esifundweni esitholakala ekwethiweni kwamagama. Kuhle futhi ukuthi sethulelwe ukubaluleka kocwaningo lapho kubhekwe ukuthi yini ezocwaningwa emagameni abalingiswa nokuthi yini edala ugqozi olungaka noma intshisekelo yokwazi kabanzi ngokwethiwa kwamagama ikakhulukazi esiZulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kubhekwe noma kwethulwe izinsizakuhlaziya ucwaningo oluzohamba phezu kwazo ekwethiweni kwamagama. Nakuba inhloso isekutheni kubhekelelwe lawo esiZulu, kodwa kuhle kuphinde kubhekwe nakwezinye izilimi ukuthi ingabe eyabo indlela ihluke kanjani kweyesiZulu na?Ucwaningo lubuye lulandelele imvelaphi yombhali wezincwadi ezisuke zizocwaningwa ukuze kutholakale kabanzi ngobungaye nezinhloso zakhe ekubhaleni nokuthi uma kubhekwa umlando wakhe yini emenza ahluke kwabanye ababhali. Uma kuqhutshwa ucwaningo kuhle ukugxila ezindleleni ezizosetshenziswa ekuqoqeni ulwazi nezizolandelwa. Akupheleli lapho, kuhle ukuthola ukuthi abanye ongoti noma osolwazi bathini ngokucwaningwa kokwethiwa kwamagama. Kubuye kubhekwe ukuthi ucwaningo luzobhekiswa emibhalweni eyimidlalo lapho kubhekwa ukuthi abalingiswa bawuqhubekisa kanjani umdlalo ngendlela abasuke bethiwe ngayo. Lana kubhekwa imidlalo emibili ebhalwe ngu Molefe ethi ‘Izwe Lizothini’ kanye nothi ‘Bahlukumezekile Behlakaniphelana Nje. Kuhle ukuthi ukuthi umcwaningi athulele abahloli bakhe nomeluleki isithombe ngokuba ethule imidlalo ngamafuphi. Lokhu kuyobasiza ukuba bakwazi ukubona indlela abethiwe ngayo abalingiswa ukuthi kukhona yini okumele akulungise noma anconywe kukho. Ubuye abheke ukuthi kuyisakhiwo nesizinda sayo le midlalo abalingiswa balukhuphula kanjani izinga. Ucwaningo kumele lubheke futhi isitayela sombhali emdlalweni yomibili Izwe Lizothini kanye nothi Bahlukumezekile Behlakaniphelana Nje ukuthi sihluke kanjani kwabanye ababhali nokuthi sime kanjani. Lolu cwaningo kumele manje liyiphothule indima yalo ngokuba lethule okusuke kuhlaziywa, okuphi okuncomekayo okuphawuliwe nokuthi lapho kunegebe okumele livalwe kanjani. Kumele iphothulwe ngokuba kunikwe umhlahlandela ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo lwalolu hlobo ikakhulukazi olimini lwesiZulu. / This research analyses the impact by Lawrence Molefe made as an author for two drama books known as Izwe Lizothini and Bahlukumezekile Behlakaniphelana Nje. The primary aim of the research in these drama books is to see how much power and influence is in naming of the characters and how have they been named? The research also focuses on theories and ways that can be used in naming characters as well as the style the author used in his two drama books that would be analyzed. The researcher has chosen drama books from the author Lawrence Molefe to see whether is there anything new that can be learnt from him on how he has name his characters. This will go to as far as analyzing how the author has name his characters and how his style of naming does fit in Freytag’s pyramid (1863). This research is divided into six chapters. This research also focuses on acceptable ways and methods that are being followed and used when naming the characters or even children at large. Analysis focuses on the importance of giving a name to a human being. It is also known that this kind of research has some challenges that are usually experienced. Challenges such as relevant resources that can be used in assisting a research especially when research conducted in naming is written in isiZulu. It is well known that these kinds of resources are widely and abundantly available in other languages. There are many resources whether it is books, articles or journals on naming or onomastics in English available. This simply says that it is imperative for the researcher to go all out in finding important ways that would be used in conducting the research. This also gives a researcher an opportunity to look into the aims and objectives of the analysis. The researcher will also be mindful of whether the analysis will be based on the short term or long term period. This means that the researcher will have to take into consideration the aims and objectives of the research. It is imperative for the researcher to be mindful of the theory that will be used in analyzing naming or onomastics and also look at other theories of onomastics. This lies on the theme or lesson that will be found in naming or giving a name in a character. The analysis needs to focus on the theory that focuses on naming . The research analysis also focuses on what will be analyzed on naming the characters and what inspires the research to be conducted especially giving Zulu names. It is important to look at the resources that will be used when conducting the research on naming. Even though, at this stage the focus is on analyzing Zulu names, it is also vital to look at how different analysis is on naming specifically in other languages. The research analysis also looks at the biography of the author regarding drama books that he published. This allows readers to know more about the author and what inspired his love of writing. This go beyond on finding more about the author and what makes him different from other authors when analyzing his name giving his characters. When conducting research analysis, ways or methods of collecting data or information needs to be clearly explained. Again, it is outmost vital to read what other onomasticians or linguists say about how to analyze name giving or naming. The focus is also on analyzing two literary dramas where attention is given to the role that characters play in ensuring that the story is a success of course with the help of how they have been named. We look at the impact their names have in the drama by just being given names. x The researcher also gives a summary or an overview of story from each book so that the supervisor and co-supervisor have understood what the story is about so that they are able to see how characters have been named. This also allows the researcher to see whether is there any gap that needs to be closed when analyzing naming in isiZulu nor commend on the good work done. It also allows the researcher to look at how names of the characters have impacted on plot and the structure of the drama. Research analysis has also to focus on the naming style used by the author in his two drama books namely Izwe Lizothini and Bahlukumezekile Behlakaniphelana Nje and how does his style differ from other authors. At the end, the research summarizes the role and the impact of name giving and its analysis, what are recommendations on the gap identified during the research and how to close challenges identified. The research is concluded by giving way forward or guidelines that would ensure that more researchers engage in analyzing naming in isiZulu and perhaps other African languages. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

This study investigated the factors affecting the teaching of English reading skills in a second language of Grade 3 learners in three primary schools, in Ongwediva town of Oshana Regional Education Directorate in Northern Namibia. It also investigated methods and approaches that were used to promote the teaching of reading in English as a second language and the linguistic environment of the classroom in which the teaching of reading occurs. Classroom environments were observed and telephonic interview was conducted with the circuit inspector of the three schools selected. Individual interviews were also done with the principals, Grade 3 teachers and Grade 3 learners of the three chosen schools. Focus group interview was also done with the same Grade 3 teachers. This study found out that insufficient reading books, poor teaching methods, insufficient teachers’ and learners’ interactions and overcrowded classrooms were some of the factors that made the teaching of reading unsuccessful. From the interviews of the circuit inspector, principals and teachers it was revealed that inadequate teacher training workshops for teachers teaching English reading, lack of parental involvement, low budget allocation to Primary Education and lack of reading capacity in vernacular affected the teaching of reading negatively. The outcome of learners’ interviews indicated that phonemic awareness and lack of comprehension created reading problems. Given the factors referred above, it is recommended that more interesting readers should be purchased to solve the shortage of reading materials. In addition, more effective teachers’ workshops should be given to strengthen the teachers’ approaches to reading skills development for Grade 3 learners. / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Early Childhood Development) / Educational Studies