Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, 2018. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-07-09T17:27:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_CarolinedoAmaralSouza.pdf: 3676984 bytes, checksum: 2912b0f3aa5334b6570ce0ce5dee4d36 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-07-09T17:28:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_CarolinedoAmaralSouza.pdf: 3676984 bytes, checksum: 2912b0f3aa5334b6570ce0ce5dee4d36 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-09T17:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018_CarolinedoAmaralSouza.pdf: 3676984 bytes, checksum: 2912b0f3aa5334b6570ce0ce5dee4d36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-09 / No Brasil, o cultivo da batata-doce [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)], abrange todas as regiões geográficas, sendo os maiores Estados produtores o Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Sergipe, Minas Gerais e Santa Catarina. Diversas características da batata-doce, tais como: rusticidade, facilidade cultivo, baixo custo de produção e seu o papel como fonte de energia e nutrientes tornam esta espécie de elevada importância, sobretudo para a população de baixa renda. A batata-doce pode ser afetada por espécies dos quatro principais grupos de patógenos, sendo que os vírus merecem destaque devido ao número de espécies, os danos causados e a propagação vegetativa desta planta. A detecção de vírus em batata-doce tem sido realizada, tradicionalmente, por meio das técnicas de Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) e Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Contudo, uma nova abordagem de detecção viral vem sendo empregada batata-doce desde 2009. Trata-se da metagenômica: uma abordagem baseada na investigação das moléculas de ácidos nucléicos de uma mistura de populações microbianas, extraídas diretamente de amostras ambientais e sequenciadas por Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Uma vez que se tenha conhecimento das espécies virais que infectam a cultura é possível a aplicação de medidas adequadas de controle,incluindo programas de limpeza clonal (para regeneração de plantas livres de vírus). Com isso, visto a importância dos problemas fitossanitários causados por espécies virais na cultura batatadoce, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (a) selecionar variedades de batata-doce ricas em betacaroteno, (b) identificar os vírus presentes em batata-doce, procedentes de cinco regiões do Brasil e (c) produzir material livre de vírus por meio de cultivo de meristemas. Para realização deste trabalho um total de 100 cultivares/clones da batata-doce foi obtido de Regiões Produtoras de Pernambuco (RPP), Rio Grande do Norte e Paraíba, além de acessos mantidos no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE (BAGUFRPE), do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA) e do BAG da Fazenda Água Limpa da Universidade de Brasília (FAL/UnB). Cem amostras de batata-doce foram enxertadas em plantas de Ipomoea setosa. Após 60 dias, realizou-se um enriquecimento de partículas virais dos 100 cultivares/clones de plantas de batata-doce, potencialmente transmitidos para I. setosa via enxertia. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado, diretamente, a partir das folhas de batatadoce, com o objetivo de comparar as espécies virais presentes nas diferentes plantas. Para tal estudo, quatro bibliotecas foram geradas sendo RNA e DNA de batata-doce e RNA e DNA de I. setosa. Um sequenciamento por NGS (em pool) foi conduzido, sendo possível detectar sequências de nove espécies virais que infectando a batata-doce: Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus – SPCSV RNA1 e 2, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus – SPFMV, Sweet potato virus C – SPVC, Sweet potato virus G – SPVG e Sweet potato C-6 virus – SPC6V, Sweet potato leaf curl virus – SPLCV, Sweet potato mosaic virus – SPMV, Sweet potato golden vein associated virus – SPGVaV e Sweet potato symptomless virus 1 – SPSMV-1, sendo que este último ainda não havia sido detectado no Brasil. Os 100 cultivares/clones foram cultivados em campo com o objetivo de identificar usando High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), genótipos de batata-doce ricos em beta-caroteno. Quatro cultivares (‘Amélia’, ‘Beauregard’, ‘CR06’ e ‘Pérola’) apresentaram teores de beta-caroteno elevados. Estas plantas foram regeneradas por cultivo de meristemas e indexadas quanto à presença das espécies virais acima citadas, sendo possível regenerar pelo menos uma planta da cultivar ‘Amélia’ livre de vírus. Estes materiais serão usados futuramente em ensaios visando complementar os postulados de Koch para SPSMV-1. / In Brazil, the sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (. Lam)] crop covers all geographic regions of the country. The States of Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Sergipe, Minas Gerais, and Santa Catarina are the largest producers. Sweet potato is a very important crop due to several positive features such as rusticity, low production cost (due to low demand for agricultural inputs) as well functioning as source of food energy and nutrient supply especially for the low-income populations. Sweet potatoes can be affected by many pathogens, in special viruses. In fact, a high number of viral species have been reported infecting this crop. The problems associated with virus infection are intensified in sweet potato due to its vegetative propagation system. The virus detection in sweet potato has been carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). However, metagenomic, a new viral detection methodology has been also used for virus detection in sweet potatoes since 2009. This approach is based upon investigating the nucleic acid molecules from a mixture of microbial populations extracted directly from environmental samples and sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The knowledge about the viral species infecting sweet-potato in Brazil may allow the adoption of the appropriate control measures, including, the establishment of clonal cleaning programs via regeneration of plants free of viruses. In this context, the objectives of the present work are: (a) to select varieties of sweet potato rich in beta-carotene; (b) to assess the virus diversity in sweet potatoes in samples from five production regions of Brazil, and (c) to produce virus-free materials via meristem culture. For this work a total of 100 sweet potato accessions were obtained from Producing Regions of Pernambuco (RPP), Rio Grande do Norte, and Paraiba. In addition, a subset of clones from the germplasm bank of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco – UFRPE, the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco and from germplasm bank of the “Fazenda Água Limpa” of the University of Brasilia were also employed in the present work. One hundred sweet-potato samples were grafted on Ipomoea setosa. After 60 days, a viral particles enrichment strategy was performed via grafting of all clones onto I. setosa. A virus enrichment procedure was also performed directly from the sweet-potato leaves in order to compare the viral species that could be found in the different plant species. For this study, four RNA and DNA libraries of sweetpotato and I. setosa were produced. Nine viral species were detected infecting the sweet-potato samples: Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus – SPCSV RNA1 and 2, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus – SPFMV, Sweet potato virus C - SPVC, Sweet potato virus G-SPVG and Sweet potato C-6 virus – SPC6V, Sweet potato leaf curl virus - SPLCV, Sweet potato mosaic virus – SPMV, Sweet potato golden vein virus – SPGVaV, and Sweet potato symptomless virus 1 – SPSMV1. This last virus species was detected in Brazil for the first time. A total of 100 sweet-potato accessions were grown under field conditions in order to identify (using High Performance Liquid Chromatography – HPLC) a subset of accessions with higher levels of beta-carotene. Three acessions with higher levels of beta-carotene (‘Amélia’, ‘Beauregard’, ‘CR06’, and ‘Pérola’) were regenerated via meristem culture and indexed for the presence of all nine virus species detected in previous assays. A single plant of cultivar ‘Amelia’ was identified as being free of all major viruses. These materials will be used in the future for fulfilling Koch´s postulates for SPSMV-1.

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources / Jason Griffin / Cary L. Rivard / Sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] are nutritious, easily stored and marketed, well-adapted to organic production, and fit large or small farming operations. Commercial production of propagules for sweetpotato, vine cuttings known as slips, is concentrated among a few coastal states. Consequently, growers in the Central United States have limited access to planting material. Considering the crop’s sensitivity to cold climates and the increasing use of high tunnels (HTs) in the region, the implementation of HT production systems could be a viable mechanism for increasing the distribution of sweetpotato nurseries across the US. The goal of this project was to investigate the production of slip propagation beds in HT systems at two research stations in Northeast and South Central Kansas. Trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to compare yield and quality of organic slips grown in HTs and the open-field (OF). Additionally, a split-plot design was utilized inside the HT to compare slip yields for three planting densities (45, 65 and 85-seed roots/m²). Slips grown in the two systems (HT and OF) were field-planted to elucidate the impact of the system on subsequent root tuber yields and grade. HT enterprise budgets were developed to determine what the potential economic impact is for growers that wish to implement this system and to identify the appropriate planting density based on cost and return. In 2016, the HT plots produced more slips than in the OF (P < 0.05), and the overall average slip number was 226.7 in the HT and 147.8 in the OF across both years. However, slips grown in the HT had significantly fewer nodes, less foliage, and compactness (P < .001). The field performance study showed slightly greater average marketable storage root yield from slips produced in the OF (P = NS), but the quantity and distribution of graded storage roots were similar between slips grown in the HT and OF treatments. Increased planting density treatment corresponded with greater average slip yield across all harvests, but was only statistically significant during 1st harvest of 2016. The positive correlation between slip yield and planting densities plateaued between 65 and 85-seed roots/m². When using foundation seed roots the optimum profit for enterprise budgets was achieved at the 65-seed root planting density. The use of 25% foundation and 75% on-farm produced seed roots at 85-seed root density generated $1.05/ft² profit in HT—using the more manual cultural practices and equipment of two case studies. The results of these trials suggest that slip production in HTs may provide growers in the Central and Northern regions of the U.S. a viable technology for developing their own sweetpotato propagation schedule, without compromising plant yield or storage root production. When compared to other common HT crop budgets, our data suggest that HT slip production is an economically-viable system for growers who wish to incorporate slip propagation beds into their HT rotations.

No description available.

Com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros de cor e carotenóides, assim como as mudanças no teor pró-vitamínico A de batatas-doces cruas e cozidas, foram analisados cultivares desta raiz procedentes do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas e do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Hortaliças da EMBRAPA de Brasília. Foram identificados sete carotenóides na análise de batatas-doces, a saber: 5,6,5\',6\'-diepoxi-&#946;-caroteno; 5,6-monoepoxi-&#946;-caroteno; &#946;-caroteno; luteocromo; &#945;-zeacaroteno; &#946;-zeacaroteno e aurocromo. O &#946;-caroteno foi o principal carotenóide nos cultivares Centennial(148,81 J-Ig/g de batata-doce crua), Heart Gold (51,79 &#181;g/g), Anápolis (14,24 &#181;g/g), Acadian (218,15 &#181;g/g), Morada Inta (10,61 &#181;g/g), Vineland Bush (22,60 &#181;g/g) e clone CNPH (4,87 &#181;g/g).O luteocromo foi o principal carotenóide nos cultivares Monalisa (1,55 J-Ig/g de batata-doce crua), IAC-2-71 (0,77 J-Ig/g) e SRT-252 (0,92 &#181;g/g). Com relação as raízes cruas, os valores de vitamina A variaram de 1 equivalente de retinol/100g para o cultivar IAC-2-71 até 3.703 equivalentes de retinol /100g para cultivar Acadian. Para as raízes cozidas o cultivar apresentou maior atividade pró-vitamínica A foi o Acadian com 4021 equivalentes de retinol/100g. A perda de &#946;-caroteno pelo cozimento variou de 4,5% a 42,6% conforme o cultivar. Os parâmetros de cor (L Hunter, a Hunter, b Hunter, croma e ângulo do tom) não diferiram para os três cortes transversais das raízes (parte superior, central e inferior). Quanto ao cozimento, houve diminuição significativa dos parâmetros L Hunter (luminosidade), +a Hunter (vermelho) e aumento nos parâmetros -a Hunter (verde) e ângulo do tom. O parâmetro b Hunter (amarelo) e croma diminuíram pelo cozimento nos cultivares Centennial, SRT-252, Monalisa e Heart gold. Foram obtidas boas correlações do logaritmo neperiano dos carotenóides totais com os parâmetros de cor. A melhor correlação foi com Lab (R2= 0,9944) para a batata-doce crua e Lab (R2= 0,9936) para a batata-doce cozida. As equações para se estimar o teor de . carotenóides através dos parâmetros de cor foram: c (&#181;g/g/ ) e(-1.2051 + 0,01075a + 0,1013b) para a batata doce crua e C (&#181;g/g) = e (3,1094 - 0,0476L + 0,1164a + 0,0667b) para a batata-doce cozida. / With the purpose of determining the color and carotenoid parameters,as well as the changes in the provitamin A value of sweet potatoes raw and cooked, ten cultivars from \"Instituto Agronômico de Campinas\" and \"Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Hortaliças da EMBRAPA de Brasilia\" were analysed. Seven carotenoids were identified in the sweet potatoes analysis, as follows: 5.6.5\' ,6\'- &#946;-carotene-diepoxide; 5,6-&#946;- carotene epoxide; &#946;-carotene; luteochrome; &#181;-zeacarotene; &#946;-azeacarotene and aurochrome. &#946;-carotene was the main carotenoid of the followinq cultivars: Centennial (148.81 ~g/g of sweet potato); Heart Gold (51. 79 &#181;g/g); Anapolis (14.24 &#181;g/g); Acadian (218,15 &#181;g/g) ; Morada Inta (10.61 &#181;g/g); Vineland Bush (22.60 &#181;g/g) clone CNPH (4.87 &#181;g/g). Luteochrome was the main carotenoid of Monalisa (1.55 &#181;g/g of raw sweet potato), IAC-2-71 (0.77 &#181;g/g) and SRT-252 (0.92 &#181;g/g) cultivars. For raw roots-the vitamin A values varied from 1 retinol equivalent/l00q for IAC-2-71 cultivar up to 3,703 retinol equivalents/l00g for Acadian cultivar. For cooked roots Acadian cultivar was the one that presented more provitamin A activity, with 4,021 retinol equivalent/100g. The loss of &#946;-carotene due to cooking varied from 4.51% to 42.6%, in accordance with the kind of cultivar. The color parameters (L Hunter-, a Hunter-, b Hunter-, chroma and hue angle) did not show any change for the three transversal cuts in the root (top, middle and bottom). Regarding cooking, there were significant decreases in the parameters L Hunter(luminosity) and +a Hunter (red) and an increase of -a Hunter (green) and hue angle parameters. The b Hunter parameter (yellow) and chroma decreased due to cooking in the Centennial, SRT-252, Monalisa and Heart Gold cultivars. There were obtained good correlations of total carotenoid neperiane logarithim with the color parameters. The best correlation was with \"Lab\" (R2= 0,9944) for- r-aw sweet potato and \"Lab\" (R2= 0,9936) for cooked sweet potato. The equation used to estimate carotenoids value through color parameters was the following: C (&#181;g/g) = e(- 1,2051 + 0,01075a + 0,1013b) for raw sweet potato and C (&#181g/g = e(3,1094 - 0,0476L + 0,1164a + 0,0667b) for cooked sweet potato.

Este trabalho objetivou determinar os principais constituintes fenólicos e avaliar o potencial antioxidante das folhas de dez cultivares de Ipomoea batatas, todas provenientes de melhoramento genético direcionado para a produção industrial de etanol. Para tanto, coletaram-se folhas de plantas adultas, as quais foram secas, reduzidas a pó e submetidas a extrações por refluxo em aparelho de Soxhlet com etanol 70 %, seguido de liofilização. Realizaram-se prospecções fitoquímicas do extrato por diferentes reações químicas e CCD, as quais revelaram a presença de compostos fenólicos gerais, antraquinonas, alcaloides, saponinas, flavonas, flavonol, xantonas, catequinas, taninos gerais, taninos gálicos, e flavonoides. Os teores de fenóis totais determinado pelo método Folin-ciocalteu e de flavonoides totais pela reação com cloreto de alumínio correlacionaram-se entre si e variaram entre as cultivares, sendo menor na cultivar Duda e maior na cultivar Lívia com teores de fenóis entre 54,7170 ± 4,354 e 112,288 ± 3,653 mg EAT/g, teores de flavonoides variando de 29,155 ± 3,725 a 97,358 ± 2,128 mg ER/g. Os teores destes compostos correlacionaram-se com as atividades antioxidantes determinadas pelos métodos DPPH e FRAP que também variaram entre as cultivares e apresentaram-se boa em todas, exceto na cultivar Duda que tal atividade mostrou-se moderada. Por outro lado, houve baixa correlação entre os teores de fenóis e flavonoides totais com a atividade quelante determinada pela reação com ferrozina e sulfato ferroso. Esta variou entre as cultivares e foi mais eficiente na cultivar Duda. A análise por CLAE UV–VIS a 280 nm revelou uma matriz complexa de compostos fenólicos no extrato das cultivares estudadas e possibilitou identificar 10 substâncias, ácido elágico, ácido gálico, (-)- galocatequina, (+)-catequina, rutina, quercetina, naringina, (+/-)-naringenina, miricetina, morina e luteolina. Os resultados revelaram grande potencial de utilização dos compostos fenólicos das folhas de I. batatas, como opção de diversificação de produtos derivados da cultura de batata-doce, fato que torna estas partes da planta atraente para contínuas pesquisas e talvez futura aplicação na medicina. / This study aimed to determine the main phenolic constituents and evaluate the antioxidant potential of the leaves of ten cultivars of Ipomoea batatas, all directed from improvement genétic for the industrial production of ethanol. To that end, leaves were collected from mature plants, which were dried, reduced to powder and subjected to extraction by refluxing in Soxhlet with ethanol 70 %, followed by lyophilization. There were prospects of phytochemical extracts by different chemical reactions and CCD, which revealed the presence of phenolic general, anthraquinones, alkaloids, saponins, flavones, flavanols, xanthones, catechins, general tannins, gallic tannins and flavonoids. The total phenolic content determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and total flavonoids by reaction with aluminum chloride correlated with each other and varied among cultivars, being lower in Duda and cultivate greater in cultivar Lívia with phenols between 54.7170 ± 4.354 and 112.288 ± 3.653 mg ATE/g, flavonoids ranging from 29.155 ± 3.725 to 97.358 ± 2.128 mg RE/g. The levels of these compounds correlated with the antioxidant activities determined by DPPH and FRAP methods also varied among cultivars and showed up in all good except the cultivar Duda that such activity was moderate. Moreover, there was a low correlation between phenol content and total flavonoids with activity determined by reaction with chelating ferrozina and ferrous sulfate. This varied among cultivars and cultivar was more efficient in Duda. Analysis by HPLC-UV VIS at 280 nm revealed a complex array of phenolic compounds in the extract of the cultivars under study and identify possible 10 substances, ellagic acid, gallic acid, (-)-gallocatechin, (+)-catechin, rutin, quercetin, naringin, (+ / -)-naringenin, myricetin, luteolin and morin. Results showed great potential use of phenolic compounds from the leaves of I. batatas as an option for diversification of products derived from the culture of sweet potato, a fact that makes these parts of the plant attractive to continuous research and perhaps future application in medicine.

Com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros de cor e carotenóides, assim como as mudanças no teor pró-vitamínico A de batatas-doces cruas e cozidas, foram analisados cultivares desta raiz procedentes do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas e do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Hortaliças da EMBRAPA de Brasília. Foram identificados sete carotenóides na análise de batatas-doces, a saber: 5,6,5\',6\'-diepoxi-&#946;-caroteno; 5,6-monoepoxi-&#946;-caroteno; &#946;-caroteno; luteocromo; &#945;-zeacaroteno; &#946;-zeacaroteno e aurocromo. O &#946;-caroteno foi o principal carotenóide nos cultivares Centennial(148,81 J-Ig/g de batata-doce crua), Heart Gold (51,79 &#181;g/g), Anápolis (14,24 &#181;g/g), Acadian (218,15 &#181;g/g), Morada Inta (10,61 &#181;g/g), Vineland Bush (22,60 &#181;g/g) e clone CNPH (4,87 &#181;g/g).O luteocromo foi o principal carotenóide nos cultivares Monalisa (1,55 J-Ig/g de batata-doce crua), IAC-2-71 (0,77 J-Ig/g) e SRT-252 (0,92 &#181;g/g). Com relação as raízes cruas, os valores de vitamina A variaram de 1 equivalente de retinol/100g para o cultivar IAC-2-71 até 3.703 equivalentes de retinol /100g para cultivar Acadian. Para as raízes cozidas o cultivar apresentou maior atividade pró-vitamínica A foi o Acadian com 4021 equivalentes de retinol/100g. A perda de &#946;-caroteno pelo cozimento variou de 4,5% a 42,6% conforme o cultivar. Os parâmetros de cor (L Hunter, a Hunter, b Hunter, croma e ângulo do tom) não diferiram para os três cortes transversais das raízes (parte superior, central e inferior). Quanto ao cozimento, houve diminuição significativa dos parâmetros L Hunter (luminosidade), +a Hunter (vermelho) e aumento nos parâmetros -a Hunter (verde) e ângulo do tom. O parâmetro b Hunter (amarelo) e croma diminuíram pelo cozimento nos cultivares Centennial, SRT-252, Monalisa e Heart gold. Foram obtidas boas correlações do logaritmo neperiano dos carotenóides totais com os parâmetros de cor. A melhor correlação foi com Lab (R2= 0,9944) para a batata-doce crua e Lab (R2= 0,9936) para a batata-doce cozida. As equações para se estimar o teor de . carotenóides através dos parâmetros de cor foram: c (&#181;g/g/ ) e(-1.2051 + 0,01075a + 0,1013b) para a batata doce crua e C (&#181;g/g) = e (3,1094 - 0,0476L + 0,1164a + 0,0667b) para a batata-doce cozida. / With the purpose of determining the color and carotenoid parameters,as well as the changes in the provitamin A value of sweet potatoes raw and cooked, ten cultivars from \"Instituto Agronômico de Campinas\" and \"Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Hortaliças da EMBRAPA de Brasilia\" were analysed. Seven carotenoids were identified in the sweet potatoes analysis, as follows: 5.6.5\' ,6\'- &#946;-carotene-diepoxide; 5,6-&#946;- carotene epoxide; &#946;-carotene; luteochrome; &#181;-zeacarotene; &#946;-azeacarotene and aurochrome. &#946;-carotene was the main carotenoid of the followinq cultivars: Centennial (148.81 ~g/g of sweet potato); Heart Gold (51. 79 &#181;g/g); Anapolis (14.24 &#181;g/g); Acadian (218,15 &#181;g/g) ; Morada Inta (10.61 &#181;g/g); Vineland Bush (22.60 &#181;g/g) clone CNPH (4.87 &#181;g/g). Luteochrome was the main carotenoid of Monalisa (1.55 &#181;g/g of raw sweet potato), IAC-2-71 (0.77 &#181;g/g) and SRT-252 (0.92 &#181;g/g) cultivars. For raw roots-the vitamin A values varied from 1 retinol equivalent/l00q for IAC-2-71 cultivar up to 3,703 retinol equivalents/l00g for Acadian cultivar. For cooked roots Acadian cultivar was the one that presented more provitamin A activity, with 4,021 retinol equivalent/100g. The loss of &#946;-carotene due to cooking varied from 4.51% to 42.6%, in accordance with the kind of cultivar. The color parameters (L Hunter-, a Hunter-, b Hunter-, chroma and hue angle) did not show any change for the three transversal cuts in the root (top, middle and bottom). Regarding cooking, there were significant decreases in the parameters L Hunter(luminosity) and +a Hunter (red) and an increase of -a Hunter (green) and hue angle parameters. The b Hunter parameter (yellow) and chroma decreased due to cooking in the Centennial, SRT-252, Monalisa and Heart Gold cultivars. There were obtained good correlations of total carotenoid neperiane logarithim with the color parameters. The best correlation was with \"Lab\" (R2= 0,9944) for- r-aw sweet potato and \"Lab\" (R2= 0,9936) for cooked sweet potato. The equation used to estimate carotenoids value through color parameters was the following: C (&#181;g/g) = e(- 1,2051 + 0,01075a + 0,1013b) for raw sweet potato and C (&#181g/g = e(3,1094 - 0,0476L + 0,1164a + 0,0667b) for cooked sweet potato.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:53:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Claudia Bedin.pdf: 2065185 bytes, checksum: 69f6f5a7fe6211d2cf43dc2f3449022f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Starch is a storage reserve polysaccharide of higher plants and the main component of the carbohydrate portion of the daily diet, being present in roots, tubers, seeds and fruits. Starch is naturally found in the form of semi-crystalline granules and has physicochemical properties that vary with the botanical source of its origin. Mixtures of starches from different sources have complementary features that are not observed in native starches. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a starchy legume (pulse) consumed regularly by most of the Brazilian population in cooked form. During storage, the seeds can acquire the defect known as "hard to cook" (HTC), making them undesirable for consumption. The extraction of starch from HTC bean can be an alternative to the use of these seeds. In this work the extraction of starch from common bean was performed and evaluated to optimize the extraction using design of experiments. Technological properties of the mixtures were also evaluated considering different proportions of starches from beans and tuberous raw materials, i.e., sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and cassava (Manihot esculenta C.). Biofilms from mixtures of those starches was produced and their mechanical and barrier properties evaluated. / O amido é um polissacarídeo de reserva dos vegetais superiores e o principal componente da fração de carboidratos da alimentação diária, estando presente em raízes, tubérculos, sementes e frutos. Apresenta-se na forma de grânulos semicristalinos e possui propriedades físico-químicas que variam conforme a fonte botânica de sua origem. Misturas de amidos de diferentes fontes apresentam características complementares que não são observadas nos amidos nativos. O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma leguminosa consumida com frequência por grande parte da população brasileira na forma cozida. Durante o armazenamento os grãos podem desenvolver o defeito denominado “difícil de cozinhar” (HTC), tornando-os indesejáveis para o consumo. A extração do amido do feijão HTC é uma alternativa para a utilização destes grãos. Neste trabalho foi realizada a extração do amido de feijão comum e avaliada a otimização da extração usando planejamento de experimentos. Também foram verificadas as propriedades tecnológicas da mistura em diferentes proporções do amido de feijão e amidos das tuberosas: batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) e mandioca (Manihot esculenta C.). Foram produzidos biofilmes a partir das misturas de amidos e verificadas suas propriedades mecânicas e de barreira.

Spécialisée dans la production d’actifs végétaux, l’entreprise PAT développe une activité innovante de recherche qui consiste à produire ou à modifier par voie enzymatique, des molécules présentes naturellement dans les plantes. L’espèce Ipomoea batatas contient de nombreux dérivés d’acide caféoyl-quinique dont majoritairement du 3,5-dicaféoyl-quinique (3,5-DCQ), une molécule antioxydante très recherchée en cosmétique. Cependant, la voie de biosynthèse est assez méconnue pour pouvoir exploiter les gènes d’intérêt par des approches d’ingénierie métabolique en vue d’augmenter la production. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont porté sur l’identification et la caractérisation fonctionnelle d’une hydroxycinnamoyl transférase (HCT) en vue d’augmenter la production de 3,5-DCQ soit en micro-organismes soit dans des plantes recombinantes. Pour réaliser ces travaux, une banque de données RNAseq a été générée permettant ainsi d'accéder à des séquences codantes. Ces séquences ont été analysées par alignement avec des séquences codant pour des hydroxycinnamoyl transférases (HCT, HQT) impliquées dans la synthèse d’un précurseur potentiel, l’acide chlorogénique. Un premier tri a été mené en utilisant des approches d’expression différentielle de gènes. La fonction des gènes a été étudiée par des approches d’expression hétérologue en système bactérien et de transgénèse végétale. La production des métabolites cibles a été analysée dans des plantes transgéniques et dans des cultures cellulaires. Sur ces plantes, nous avons réalisé des tests de résistance à des pathogènes fongiques. Nous avons identifié une HCT qui partage 85% d’identité avec une HCT de café impliquée dans la synthèse de 3,5-DCQ. Cette activité a pu être démontrée in vitro pour l’HCT d’ipomée. De plus, l’expression du gène codant pour l’HCT conduit à une surproduction de 3,5-DCQ dans les cultures cellulaires de tabacs exprimant les HCT. Cette molécule inhibe la croissance de Botrytis cinerea et de Phytophthora parasitica. Compte tenu des teneurs en 3,5-DCQ très faibles par rapport à la plante d’origine, ces résultats suggèrent l’implication d’autres gènes dans cette voie de biosynthèse. L’activité antifongique du 3,5-DCQ pourrait être exploitée pour des applications agrochimiques / Specialized in the production of plant actives, the company PAT develops an innovate research activity that consists of producing or modifying by enzymatic pathway, molecules naturally present in plants. The species Ipomoea batatas contains numerous caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, predominantly 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQ), an antioxydant molecule arousing interest in cosmetics. However, biosynthesis pathway of this molecule is poorly established in order to exploit the genes of interest by metabolic engineering approaches to increase the production. The work realized in the frame of this PhD concerns the identification and functional characterization of a hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) in order to increase the production of 3,5-DCQ either in microorganisms or in recombinant plants. To perform this work, an RNAseq databank was generated allowing to access to coding sequences. These sequences were analysed by alignment of sequences encoding for hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (HCT, HQT) involved in the biosynthesis of a potential precursor, chlorogenic acid. A first screening was performed by utilizing an approach of differential expression of genes. The function of genes was studied by heterologous expression in bacterial systems and by plant transgenesis approaches. The production of target metabolites was analyzed in transgenic plants and cell cultures. On these plants, we conducted tests of resistance to fungal pathogens. We identified an HCT that shares 85% of identity with a HCT isolated from coffee previously characterized in 3,5-DCQ biosynthesis. This activity was shown in vitro for HCT of Ipomee. Moreover, the expression of target gene led to an overproduction of 3,5-DCQ in cell cultures of tobacco expressing HCT. This molecule inhibits growth of Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora parasitica. Giving that amounts of 3,5-DCQ are very low compared to the plant of origin, these results suggest the involvement of other genes in this biosynthesis pathway. Antifungal activity of 3,5-DCQ could be exploited for agrochimic applications

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) clones cultivated in three counties of Sergipe, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. We tested 28 accessions and three cultivars (Brazlândia Branca, Brazlândia Rosada and Palmas) of sweet potato grown in three counties of the Sergipe State (São Cristóvão, Malhador e Canindé de São Francisco). The analyzed variables were: dry weight of aerial part, dry matter content of aerial part, total root yield, total yield of marketable roots, weight per root, root form, resistance to soil insects, dry matter content of roots, starch content in the roots, yield of starch, ethanol and ethanol per ton of root. We realized an analysis of variance per local and a joint analysis of variance to analyze the genotype x environment interaction. We observed for cultivar Brazlândia Branca and the accessions IPB-075, IPB-079 and IPB-087 values of total yield of roots from 27.83 to 43.01 t.ha-1, from 29.64 to 63.28 t.ha-1, from 30.44 to 41.67 t.ha-1, from 35.12 to 48.18 t.ha-1, respectively, and values of total yield of marketable roots from 27.70 to 42.41 t.ha-1, from 26.63 to 63.17 t.ha-1, from 26.77 to 41.66 t.ha-1, and from 30.86 to 46.28 t.ha-1, respectively and scores of resistance to soil insects from 1.20 to 1.81, from 1.53 to 2.02, from 1.59 to 1.88, and from 1.74 to 2.37, respectively. For ethanol yield the clones IPB-075, IPB-087 and the cultivar Palmas, with their respective values of intervals in the three environments, we observed values from 5910.39 to 8516.12 L.ha-1, from 5141.85 to 6937.63 L.ha-1 and from 5829.62 to 8211.77 L.ha-1 for São Cristóvão, Malhador and Canindé de São Francisco, respectively. There were significant differences for genotypes, environments and genotype x environment for all variables. Estimates of heritability (h2) were above 50% for all variables except for resistance to soil insects in the Malhador county (15.39%) and Canindé de São Francisco (40.41%). The values of the CVg/CVe ratio for dry weight of aerial part, total yield of roots, total yield of marketable roots, root form, resistance to soil insects, dry matter content of roots, starch content in roots and ethanol per ton of roots were high, justifying their use in breeding programs. All genotypes showed variability in each environment with exception for the variable resistance to soil insects in the Malhador county, and between environments, with exception for the variable dry weight of aerial part. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de clones de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivados em três municípios de Sergipe. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Testou-se 28 acessos e três cultivares (Brazlândia Branca, Brazlândia Rosada e Palmas) de batata-doce em três municípios do Estado de Sergipe (São Cristóvão, Malhador e Canindé de São Francisco). As variáveis analisadas foram: massa seca da parte aérea, teor de matéria seca da parte aérea, rendimento total de raízes, rendimento total de raízes comerciáveis, massa por raiz, formato de raiz, resistência a insetos de solo, teor de matéria seca das raízes, teor de amido nas raízes, rendimento de amido, etanol e etanol por tonelada de raiz. Realizou-se a análise de variância por local e a conjunta para analisar a interação genótipo x ambiente. Observou-se, para cultivar Brazlândia Branca e os acessos IPB-075, IPB-079 e IPB-087 valores de 27,83 a 43,01 t.ha-1, 29,64 a 63,28 t.ha-1, 30,44 a 41,67 t.ha-1, 35,12 a 48,18 t.ha-1 de rendimento total de raízes, respectivamente, de 27,70 a 42,41 t.ha-1, 26,63 a 63,17 t.ha-1, 26,77 a 41,66 t.ha-1, 30,86 a 46,28 t.ha-1 de rendimento total de raízes comerciáveis, respectivamente, e de 1,20 a 1,81, 1,53 a 2,02, 1,59 a 1,88, 1,74 a 2,37 de nota de resistência a insetos do solo, respectivamente. Para rendimento de etanol os clones IPB-075, IPB-087 e a cultivar Palmas, com respectivos intervalos de valores nos três ambientes, observou-se de 5.910,39 a 8.516,12 L.ha-1, 5.141,85 a 6.937,63 L.ha-1 e 5.829,62 a 8.211,77 L.ha-1 para São Cristóvão, Malhador e Canindé de São Francisco, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa para genótipos, ambientes e genótipos x ambientes para todas as variáveis. As estimativas da herdabilidade (h²) apresentaram-se acima de 50% para todas as variáveis com exceção da variável resistência a insetos do solo em Malhador (15,39%) e Canindé do São Francisco (40,41%). Os valores da razão CVg/CVe para massa seca da parte aérea, rendimento total de raízes, rendimento total de raízes comerciáveis, formato de raiz, resistência a insetos do solo, teor de matéria seca das raízes, teor de amido nas raízes e etanol por tonelada de raiz foram altos, justificando sua utilização em programas de melhoramento. Todos os genótipos apresentaram variabilidade dentro de cada ambiente com exceção para a variável resistência a insetos de solo no ambiente de Malhador, e entre ambientes, com exceção para a variável massa seca da parte aérea.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Juliana_Klug_Nunes.pdf: 3840037 bytes, checksum: ea550450e1744b73f51a0136117e7789 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-30 / A study was run to evaluate the partial replacement of corn by sweet potato meal, with or without supplementation of enzymes, in broiler diets from 1 to 47 days of age. A total of 150 day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in 30 pens of metallic batteries. A complete experimental block design in 3 x 2 experimental factorial arrangement was used (0, 20 and 40% of sweet potato meal and 0 and 200 g/ton of enzyme complex) with a total of 5 experimentals units per treatment (pen with 5 birds). Feed intake, body weight, feed conversion, and factor of efficiency rate and uniformity were evaluated at 14, 21 and 28 days of age. At that same age, 5 birds per treatment were sacrificed by cervical dislocation to evaluate allometric development of heart, liver, proventriculus and gizzard and the biometry of duodenum jejunum, ileum, ceca and rectum-colon. From 15 to 17 days of age, feed intake, weight gain, wet excreta weight, fecal moisture content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, éter extract, ash, calcium and phosphorus of the excreta were recorded. After 28 days, the remaining birds were reallocated on in 6 floor pens. At 39 and at 47 days of age, carcass traits, organ allometry and intestinal biometry were evaluated the 3 birds per treatment. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance for main effects the sweet potato meal and enzyme, followed by splitting into levels of o the factor sweet potato meal into polinomial components. Results indicated that the replacement of corn by sweet potato meal, with or without enzyme complex addition, have not improved the productive performance of the broilers, adverselly affected carcass traits, allometry of organs, intestinal biometry and digestibility; and had a negative effect on body weight at 14, 21 and 28 days of age of the birds. The enzyme complex used has not altered the variables examined. / Um estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a substituição parcial do milho pela farinha de batata doce, com ou sem suplementação enzimática, nas dietas de frangos de corte de 1 a 47 dias de idade. Cento e cinquenta pintos de corte machos, com um dia de idade foram distribuídos em 30 boxes de duas baterias metálicas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 3 × 2 (0, 20 e 40% de farinha de batata doce e 0 e 200 g/ton de complexo enzimático) com cinco unidades experimentais (boxe com cinco aves). Aos 14, 21 e 28 dias de idade dos frangos de corte foram avaliados consumo de ração, peso corporal, conversão alimentar e índice de eficiência produtiva. Nestes mesmos dias, foram pesadas e sacrificadas por deslocamento da articulação crânio-cervical, cinco aves por tratamento, para coleta e determinação alométrica do coração, fígado, proventrículo e moela, e biométrica do duodeno, jejuno, íleo, cólon-reto e cecos. Entre 15 e 17 dias de idade das aves também foram analisados consumo de ração, ganho de peso, peso das excretas úmidas, quantidade de umidade nas excretas, matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra bruta, extrato etéreo, cinzas, cálcio e fósforo nas excretas. Após os 28 dias de idade, as aves remanescentes, segundo o tratamento, foram realojadas em seis boxes com cama de maravalha e aos 39 e 47 dias de idade foram avaliados características de carcaça, alometria de órgãos e biometria intestinal de três aves por tratamento. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise da variação para os testes de significância dos efeitos principais e da interação de farinha de batata doce e complexo enzimático, seguido da decomposição da variação entre os níveis do fator farinha de batata doce em componentes polinomiais. Os resultados indicaram que a substituição do milho pela farinha de batata doce, com ou sem a suplementação do complexo enzimático, não foi efetiva sobre o desempenho produtivo das aves, afetou adversamente características de carcaça, alometria de órgãos, biometria intestinal e digestibilidade; e interferiu negativamente sobre o peso corporal, aos 14, 21 e 28 dias de idade das aves. A suplementação do complexo enzimático não demonstrou benefícios sobre as variáveis analisadas.