AbstractAuthor: Sofie JakobssonCourse: Media and Communication Studies CUniversity: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPeriod: Spring 2012Key words: Job ads, Professional Communicator, Public Relations Officer, Trait Theory, Five Factor Theory, Big Five, personal traits, work tasks.Title: The Independent Specialist. A study of requested personal types in Professional Communicators.Number of pages: 35Purpose/ Aim: The study aims to evaluate what kind of personality type that would make a good fit for a Professional Communicator. The study examines personal traits and work tasks that are presented in job ads for Professional Communicators in Sweden today. From this material the author wants to calculate what kind of personal type that characterize the profession with the help of the Big Five theory.Material/ Method: Quantitative research method based on job ads.Main results: The study shows that personal traits that employers look for in Professional Communicators today are mainly traits from the Conscientiousness group with characteristics such as independent, structured and planning. The second biggest personality group is Extraversion where personal traits like driving, outgoing and social were put. The results also indicate that the professional should enjoy working independently but also be able to cooperate with other people. A big part of the profession involves tasks which are of a producing nature which indicates that a talent or personality that fits for that kind of tasks is to prefer.

The purpose of this study has been to increase the understanding of the school librarian's profession in a Swedish context, by making visible how the professional role has changed over time from a school-related employer perspective. By using content analysis, the study has investigated how the school librarian's role has been described in 132 job advertisements with schools as employers over a twenty-year period, between 2001 and 2021. The content of the job advertisements has been analyzed, looking at both the skills required and the tasks described. The IFLA School Library Guidelines has been used as a framework for the coding process. The authors examined the extent to which the key roles and competencies of a school librarian mentioned in the Guidelines were represented in job advertisements seeking school librarians from 2001 to 2021.  Abbotts theory of the professions and the central concept of jurisdiction was used in the analysis of the data. The results show that the tasks and competencies described in the job advertisements have become more profession-specific during the chosen twenty-year period. This increase of profession-specific tasks and competencies indicates that the jurisdiction of the school librarian profession has been strengthened. The empirical data also show that the school librarian profession has renegotiated jurisdiction over teaching and reading promotion and acquired new professional tasks.  This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Nous sommes à l’aube d’une nouvelle ère du data mining, celle du stockage, traitement, analyse et exploitation des données massives que l’on appelle Big Data. Les données sont devenues une nouvelle matière première, très prisée par les entreprises de tout type et de toute taille à travers le monde ; elles permettent d’analyser, de comprendre, de modéliser et d’expliquer certains phénomènes comme le comportement et les préférences des utilisateurs ou clients d’une entreprise donnée. La compréhension des préférences des utilisateurs et des clients d’une entreprise permet de leur proposer de la publicité ciblée afin d’augmenter les ventes et la satisfaction des clients et ainsi pouvoir améliorer les revenues de l’entreprise, ce que les géants du Web comme Google, Facebook, LinkedIn et Twitter ont bien compris. Cette thèse de doctorat a été réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE entre le laboratoire L2TI de l’université Paris 13 et la start-up franco-américaineWork4 qui développe des applications de recrutement sur Facebook. Son objectif principal était la mise au point d’un ensemble d’algorithmes et méthodes pour proposer aux utilisateurs des réseaux sociaux les offres d’emploi les plus pertinentes. Le développement de nos algorithmes de recommandation a nécessité de surmonter de nombreuses difficultés telles que le préservation de la vie privée des utilisateurs des réseaux sociaux, le traitement des données bruitées et incomplètes des utilisateurs et des offres d’emploi, la difficulté de traitement des données multi-langues et, plus généralement, la difficulté d’extraire automatiquement les offres d’emploi pertinentes pour un utilisateur donné parmi un ensemble d’offres d’emploi. Les systèmes développés durant cette thèse sont principalement basés sur les techniques de systèmes de recommandation, de recherche documentaire,de fouille de données et d’apprentissage artificiel ; ils ont été validés sur des jeux de données réels collectés par l’entreprise Work4. Dans le cadre de cette étude, les utilisateurs d’un réseau social sont liés à trois types entités : les offres d’emploi qui leur sont pertinentes, les autres utilisateurs du réseau social auxquels ils se sont liés d’amitié et les données personnelles qu’ils ont publiées sur leurs profils. Les profils des utilisateurs des réseaux sociaux et la description de nos offres d’emploi sont constitués de plusieurs champs contenant des informations textuelles. / We are entering a new era of data mining in which the main challenge is the storing andprocessing of massive data : this is leading to a new promising research and industry field called Big data. Data are currently a new raw material coveted by businesses of all sizes and all sectors. They allow organizations to analyze, understand, model and explain phenomen a such as the behavior of their users or customers. Some companies like Google, Facebook,LinkedIn and Twitter are using user data to determine their preferences in order to make targeted advertisements to increase their revenues.This thesis has been carried out in collaboration between the laboratory L2TI andWork4, a French-American startup that offers Facebook recruitment solutions. Its main objective was the development of systems recommending relevant jobs to social network users ; the developed systems have been used to advertise job positions on social networks. After studying the literature about recommender systems, information retrieval, data mining and machine learning, we modeled social users using data they posted on their profiles, those of their social relationships together with the bag-of-words and ontology-based models. We measure the interests of users for jobs using both heuristics and models based on machine learning. The development of efficient job recommender systems involved to tackle the problem of categorization and summarization of user profiles and job descriptions. After developing job recommender systems on social networks, we developed a set of systems called Work4 Oracle that predict the audience (number of clicks) of job advertisements posted on Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter. The analysis of the results of Work4 Oracle allows us to find and quantify factors impacting the popularity of job ads posted on social networks, these results have been compared to those of the literature of Human Resource Management. All our proposed systems deal with privacy preservation by only using the data that social network users explicitly allowed to access to ; they also deal with noisy and missing data of social network users and have been validated on real-world data provided by Work4.

Den här studien syftar på att undersöka huruvida innehållet i jobbannonser för chefspositioner från offentlig och privat sektor visar tecken på begränsningar samt diskriminering eller mångfald och inkludering. Arbetet är baserat på en kvalitativ analys av innehållet i 55 olika jobbannonser för chefspositioner både i offentlig och privat sektor. Syftet med undersökningen har varit att belysa vilka utmaningar och möjligheter upplevs av utrikesfödda akademiker som ansöker till chefspositioner i Sverige, med hjälp av tidigare forskning inom området och en teoretisk referensram som består av Ackers ojämlikhetssystem (2006), Elias och Scotsons teori om etablerade och outsiders (1999), teorier om diskriminering som lyftes fram av Phelps (1972) och Arrow (1973) samt Becker (1971). Studiens resultat visar att det förekommer både möjligheter och hinder som drabbar utrikesfödda akademiker på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Möjligheterna återfinns framför allt i jobbannonser som tillhör den offentliga sektorn, medan begränsningarna förekommer i stor utsträckning i båda sektorer, dock oftare i den offentliga. / The present study aims to research whether the content of job ads for leadership positions from the public and the private sector include signs of limitations and discrimination or diversity and inclusion. The research is based on a qualitative analysis of the content in 55 different job ads for leadership positions from both the public and private sectors. The purpose of the study is to showcase the difficulties and the opportunities that foreign born academics are confronted with when applying to leadership roles in Sweden. The theoretical framework consists of Ackers theory of inequality regimes (2006), Elias and Scotsons theory of the established and the outsiders (1999), theories regarding discrimination put forward by Phelps (1972), Arrow (1973) and Becker (1971), as well as previous research in the field of diversity and discrimination. The results show that there are both opportunities and limitations that affect foreign born academics that compete on the Swedish labour market. The opportunities are mostly found in job ads that relate to the public sector, while the limitations are prevalent in both sectors, though they are nevertheless more frequent in the public sector.