Background The psychosocial work environment affects our health (e.g., sick leave and mortality rates). Research on psychosocial work factors and burnout has focused on specific workplaces or occupations and rarely evaluated in the general population or used longitudinal designs. In Sweden, the diagnosis of exhaustion disorder (closely related to burnout) is a common cause for sick leave. The effects of psychosocial work environments on the process of returning to work has not been studied in this specific patient group. The overall aims of this thesis were to (1) assess the level of burnout in a working general population and investigate the importance of psychosocial work factors and sex on burnout, and (2) study reduction of sick leave and experiences of returning to work in burnout patients, with special attention towards psychosocial work factors. Methods An occupationally active subset (n=1000) of the 2004 Northern Sweden MONICA survey was used in a cross-sectional study. A five-year follow-up of this population was also performed (n=626). Level of burnout was measured using the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ). Burnout patients were studied for the second thesis aim. A cohort of 117 patients from the REST project was investigated using a baseline questionnaire and sick leave data at two-year follow-up. Grounded Theory was used for an in-depth interview and analysis of 12 employed patients. Results Cross-sectional results from the working general population showed that women have higher levels of burnout than men. In both sexes, work demands, work control, and job insecurity were associated with burnout levels. Among women, education, socioeconomic position, work object, and working hours were also important. Work factors in combination with situational life factors explained about half the difference in burnout level between women and men. Longitudinal results show that burnout levels decrease with age in both sexes, although the changes occur at an earlier age for men. A constant job strain, increased job insecurity, and a worsened economic situation are related to an increase in burnout level. When studying risk factor accumulation, each additional risk factor exposure increases the burnout level. In burnout patients, low work control and use of covert coping towards supervisors and workmates predicts unchanged sick leave levels after a twoyear period. Borderline significance was found between work overcommitment and reduced sick leave. Both personal resources and external support are described as important factors when regaining the ability to work. Perceived validation, insights into the situation and adaptive coping skills increase the chance of regaining the ability to work. External support, particularly from the workplace, is also important. Conclusion There are links between psychosocial work factors and burnout levels in a working general population and sick leave levels in burnout patients. Socioeconomic position and working conditions are important for the level of burnout among working women. In the working population, age differences occur between the sexes; women reduce their burnout levels later in life than men. In the burnout patient population, coping patterns and control at work predict sick leave levels after two years. Both internal resources and external support are important when burnout patients describe the process of regaining the ability to work. The workplace and the work environment are important in preventing working people from becoming burned out and in easeing return to work after sick leave. A person’s coping pattern is also important in reduction of sick leave.

Šiuo darbu buvo siekiama ištirti tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe sąsajas su jų pasitenkinimu darbu, saviveiksmingumu darbe, lūkesčiais, susijusiais su jų vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, jų vaikų bendrais sunkumais, socialiu elgesiu bei akademiniais pasiekimais. Šiame darbe keliami uždaviniai ištirti: a. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų pasitenkinimo darbu sąsajas, b. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų saviveiksmingumo darbe sąsajas, c. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, sąsajas, d. tėvų patiriamo kokybinio ir kiekybinio psichologinio nesaugumo darbe ir jų vaikų bendrų sunkumų sąsajas, e. tėvų saviveiksmingumo darbe bei tėvų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, sąsajas su vaikų socialiu elgesiu, f. tėvų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija, tėvų pajamų ir tėvų išsilavinimo sąsajas su vaikų akademiniais pasiekimais, g. vaikų bendrų sunkumų ir vaikų socialaus elgesio sąsajas su vaikų akademiniais pasiekimais. Tyrimo instrumentai – Psichologinio nesaugumo darbe skalė, Tėvų pasitenkinimo darbu skalė, Tėvų saviveiksmingumo darbe skalė, Tėvų lūkesčių, susijusių su vaikų išsilavinimu ir profesija skalė, Galių ir sunkumų klausimynas, Vaikų akademinių pasiekimų skalė. Apklausus 112 respondentų, tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad: a... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between parents’ qualitative and quantitative job insecurity, job satisfaction, work-related self-efficacy, expectations for children’s education and occupation and their children’s total difficulties, prosocial behaviour and academic achievement. This thesis aims to explore links between: a. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and job satisfaction, b. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and work-related self-efficacy, c. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and their expectations for children’s education and occupation, d. parents’ experienced qualitative and quantitative job insecurity and their children’s total difficulties, e. parents’ work-related self-efficacy, parents’ expectations for children’s education and occupation, and children’s prosocial behaviour, f. parents’ expectations for children’s education and occupation, parents’ income, parents’ education and children’s academic achievement, g. children’s total difficulties, children’s prosocial behaviour and children’s academic achievement. The research instruments used in the study were: Job Insecurity Scale, Parents’ Job Satisfaction Scale, Parents’ Work-related Self-efficacy Scale, Parents’ Expectations for Children’s Education and Occupation Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Children’s Academic Achievement Scale. 112 respondents (parents)... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5205.pdf: 1937599 bytes, checksum: cb5568d8d7a5d02714461aa04eaa6b2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-11 / This dissertation dealt with job in the multinacional fast fashion retail. The research analysed speeches of permanent workers, that make part of an organization of flexible working, logic skills and multifunctionality, in search of targets in the carrier plan. In this context, we realized the process of job insecurity and work intensification when workers assume the responsability of personal and professional targets set by the enterprise. We also observed the impacts on their physical and psychological health. As results, we noticed that the work intensifies and become complex with the increasing of demand in celebratory events. Moreover, there are an increase of responsability and accumulation of tasks that appears according to the carrier plan. The research was made in two C& A stores in Aracaju-Sergipe in 2011. It was conducted through interviews with the workers, observations during working time, raising of materials and public documentation about the enterprise. / Esta dissertação tratou sobre o trabalho numa multinacional fast fashion do comércio varejista, tendo como centro de análise os trabalhadores estáveis que estão inseridos numa organização do trabalho flexível, numa lógica de competências e multifuncionalidade, na busca de metas presentes no plano de carreira. Nesse contexto, constatamos processos de intensificação e precarização do trabalho ao investigarmos como os trabalhadores absorvem as responsabilidades das metas (profissionais e pessoais) colocadas pela empresa e seus impactos na saúde física e psíquica desses trabalhadores. O trabalho se intensifica e se complexifica com o aumento da demanda em eventos comemorativos , com acréscimo de responsabilidades frente às metas e o acúmulo de tarefas e responsabilidades que surgem com o plano de carreira. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas lojas da rede C&A de Aracaju - Sergipe, no ano de 2011, com a utilização de entrevistas com trabalhadores, observações do trabalho, levantamento de material e documentação pública sobre a empresa.

Entrepreneurial skills stimulate entrepreneurial activities. An increase in entrepreneurial activities culminates in high economic growth, creation of employment, and alleviation of poverty. South Africa’s entrepreneurial activity ratio stands at 9.1%, far below 14.3% of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries. Entrepreneurship is a national priority endeavour which helps absorb individuals searching for employment. Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) provide employment to approximately 61% of households in South Africa. SMME shutdowns have increased and can be attributed to lack of entrepreneurial proficiencies. Hence, contingent employees in small retail businesses face poor working conditions, are unprotected by labour legislation, low remuneration, skills redundancy, and discrimination. They are also not affiliated with a union. The foregoing variables lead to job insecurity. Job insecurity leads to job dissatisfaction, disloyalty, and low organisational commitment. The study investigated whether contingent employees in Roodepoort have entrepreneurial skills to be entrepreneurial, as an avenue to offset job insecurity. The question why contingent employees are not entrepreneurial in Roodepoort was posed. A sample composed of 129 contingent employees from 60 small retail businesses in Roodepoort was used. Results showed a positive relationship between entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurship, job insecurity and entrepreneurship, and contingent employees and job insecurity. However, it appears that contingent employees in Roodepoort were not affected nor concerned about job insecurity. They possess a significant understanding of entrepreneurial skills, yet they are not entrepreneurial. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

This research explores the relationship between job insecurity, organisational commitment and work engagement amongst staff in a tertiary institution. The research was conducted through computer-aided telephone interviews and self-completion techniques. Of the total population (N=4460), a proportion of survey participants (n=260) were selected using a two-stage stratified probability sampling technique, proportional to size, across the different departments. Three instruments were administered among the survey participants, namely the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). On the basis of the outcome of the study, a theoretical relationship was determined between job insecurity (JIS), organisational commitment (OCQ) and work engagement (UWES). An empirical study provided evidence on the relationship that exists between the three concepts. The results revealed that a statistically significant relationship exists between JIS and OQC as well as UWES, although the relationship is positive and weak (r=.286** for OCQ; r=.270** for UWES). These results are incongruent with previous studies and might suggest that previous studies failed to examine whether the nature and strength of the relationships between job security and its outcomes are different in situations with different levels of insecurity or threat. However, further analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between some of the subscales. For instance, a positive statistically significant relationship was observed between perceived powerlessness and affective commitment (r=.304**), vigour (r=.346**), dedication (r=.350**) and absorption (r=.279**). The results imply that as participants feel insecure about the various job features and the job as a whole, they simultaneously express their commitment and energy as well as dedication to their work responsibilities and the organisation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial & Organisational Psychology)

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how actors linked to the care administration of Kalmar municipality relate to the introduction of “Right to full-time-employment” as an organizing strategy. The purpose is also to describe how the introduction of the political decision will affect actors linked to the care administration of Kalmar municipality. By interviewing actors linked to the care administration of Kalmar municipality, both actors from the field (care-workers), management representatives and trade union representatives the study explores how these different actors relate to the new political agreement. This essay analyses the interviewees' statements and opinions regarding the agreement's pros and cons based on several different theories, including John Atkinson’s concept of labour market flexibility. The main purpose of this study is to analyze how the practical operationalization of the new political agreement have been influenced by the modern catchword (“flexibility”). The results show how the care administration have conducted a form of “internal flexibility” which purpose is to create economic conditions giving a higher number of employees full-time work opportunities. Although the previous full-time work opportunities is described as a “secure form of employment”, the study show that it has resulted in an apprehension of insecurity within the majority of the workforce.

The diploma thesis focuses on the possibilities of predicting employees' psychological capital in times of Covid-19. The theoretical part describes psychological capital (its structure, importance in the context of work environment and methods of its measurement and development). It also deals with mental health in the workplace and with selected factors of mental health (team social support, engagement, stress, qualitative and quantitative job insecurity). The empirical part of the thesis aims to verify whether selected factors of mental health can be evaluated as significant predictors of psychological capital. The research sample includes 127 employees of the business organization. The following methods were used to measure the analyzed variables: Psychological Capital Questionnaire - 12 (PCQ-12), The Team Performance Inventory (TPI - only the items "Trust, safety and support" of subscale "Participation"), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS- 10), Qualitative Job Insecurity Scale (QUAL-JIS) and Job Insecurity Scale (JIS). The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that in our study subjectively perceived level of stress (ß = -.4078, 95% CI = [-.6006, -.215], p < .001) is the strongest predictor of psychological capital. The analysis further shows...

The aim of the study is to examine the possible connection and contributing aspects betweenyoung employees' form of employment and their experience of access to information, controland social support within the organization, starting from an organization within the tradeindustry. The study further aims to make a comparison between permanent and fixed-termemployees' experiences of the selected aspects. The chosen method for the study is aqualitative method with comparative elements based on an abductive understandingapproach. The empirical material that forms the basis of the study's results has been collectedvia nine semi-structured interviews with structured elements. Furthermore, the study'sempirical material has been treated based on thematic analysis. When analyzing the results ofthe study, we have used Elias and Scotson's (2010) theory established and outsiders, Sennett's(2006) flexibility theory and Allen and Meyer's (1990) three-component model. The study'sresults show, in summary, that the form of employment can have an impact on job insecuritybased on our chosen aspects. However, the impact varies depending on which of the aspectsinformation access, control or social support is taken as a starting point. This is because theform of employment can have a higher or lower impact on job insecurity based on theaspects. / Studiens syfte är att med utgångsläge i en organisation inom handelsbranschen undersöka denmöjliga kopplingen samt bidragande aspekter mellan unga medarbetares anställningsformoch deras upplevelse av informationstillgång, kontroll samt socialt stöd inom organisationen.Studien syftar vidare att göra en jämförelse mellan tillsvidare- och tidsbegränsat anställdasupplevelser av de valda aspekterna. Den valda metoden för studien är en kvalitativ metodmed komparativa inslag utifrån en abduktiv förståelseansats. Det empiriska materialet somligger till grund för studiens resultat har samlats in via nio semistrukturerade intervjuer medstrukturerade inslag. Vidare har studiens empiriska material behandlats utifrån tematiskanalys. Vid analys av studiens resultat har Elias och Scotsons (2010) teori etablerade ochoutsiders, Sennetts (2006) flexibilitetsteori samt Allen och Meyers (1990)trekomponentsmodell använts. Studiens resultat visar sammanfattningsvis attanställningsformer kan ha en påverkan på anställningsotrygghet utifrån våra valda aspekter.Påverkan varierar däremot beroende på vilken av aspekterna informationstillgång, kontrolleller socialt stöd man utgår ifrån. Detta då anställningsformen kan ha en högre eller lägreinverkan på anställningsotryggheten utifrån aspekterna.

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Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing is gerig op die aanwending van narratiewe pastorale terapie met breadwinners wat werksonsekerheid tydens 'n rasionaliseringsproses ervaar. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard en is gebaseer op narratiewe pastorale gesprekvoerlng esook die proses van meervoudige refleksie waardeur die navorsing gerig en aangepas word. As navorser was ek deelnemer in die proses van verandering waarin veralgemening genegeer is en die rol van persoonlike kennis beklemtoon is. Die terapie is gerig op proaktiewe optrede tydens die rasionaliseringsproses en is ten opsigte van elkeen van die deelnemers aangewend in pasmaakgesprekke waartydens hul unieke behoefles aandag geniet het. Deur die metode van eksternalisering is die invloed van werksonsekerheid op die deelnemers geeksploreer en is hulie aangemoedig om in 'n ander verhouding tot die probleem van werksonsekerheid le staan. Namate die deelnemers tydens hierdie proses belangrike skuiwe op die vlak van identiteit gemaak het, ken hulie die toekoms met nuwe hoop bejeen. / The research was directed at the application of narrative pastoral therapy with breadwinners experiencing job insecurity during a process of rationalisation. This qualitative study was based on narrative pastoral conversations as well as the process of multiple reflection through which the research was directed and adapted. As researcher, I was a participant in the process of change in which generalisations were negated and the role of personal knowledge emphasised. The therapy was directed at proactive action during the rationalisation process and was applied in respect of each of the participants in a customised conversation. The influence of job insecurity on the participants was explored through the method of externalisation and they were encouraged to adopt a new relationship to the problem of job insecurity. In the process, as each participant made important shifts on the level of identity, they wera able to view the future with new hope. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Praktiese Teologie (Pastorale Terapie))