Thèse en cotutelle Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Suisse / Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2017-2018 / Basile le Minime, évêque de Césarée en Cappadoce au milieu du Xe siècle, est principalement connu pour avoir écrit un Commentaire à tous les Discours de Grégoire de Nazianze. En effet, bien qu’il ait eu un rôle à jouer à la cour de l’empereur Constantin VII Porphyrogénète, entre autres lors de la prise du pouvoir par ce dernier et lors de la nomination du patriarche Polyeucte, deux événements qui ont marqué sa carrière ecclésiastique, c’est d’abord grâce à son œuvre exégétique qu’il passa à la postérité. Ses Commentaires connurent dès leur publication un certain succès, comme le prouve le nombre de manuscrits qui transmettent son œuvre, plus de quatre-vingt. Cette bonne fortune n’est peut-être pas étrangère au soutien de l’empereur Constantin, à qui les Commentaires étaient dédiés, mais elle s’inscrit également au sein d’un mouvement de mise en valeur de la figure de Grégoire de Nazianze, qui prit de l’ampleur tout au long de l’époque byzantine. Par la suite, son œuvre fut légèrement éclipsée par les contributions des commentateurs postérieurs, qui réutilisèrent toutefois une partie de ses exégèses, avant de tomber finalement en oubli partiel à la fin de l’Empire byzantin. En 1827, Jean-François Boissonade trouva dans la bibliothèque du Roi les Commentaires de Basile le Minime et en publia trois avec la Lettre dédicatoire par laquelle Basile annonçait son œuvre et l’offrait à Constantin VII. Il fut suivi de peu par Louis de Sinner qui publia un autre des Commentaires. Réédités peu de temps après dans la Patrologie grecque, ces quatre Commentaires furent toutefois les seuls et derniers à être publiés en entier et l’œuvre de Basile retint très peu l’attention des chercheurs, jusqu’aux travaux récents de Thomas Schmidt, qui reprit l’édition critique de la Lettre dédicatoire et fit l’édition princeps du Commentaire au Discours 38. Dans la lignée des travaux de ce chercheur, la présente thèse propose une nouvelle édition critique et une première traduction française des Commentaires aux Discours 4 et 5, qui avaient été autrefois publiés par Boissonade, mais seulement sur la base de deux manuscrits. Ces Discours, écrits par Grégoire de Nazianze au lendemain de la mort de l’empereur Julien pour fustiger l’Apostat, célébrer sa mort et montrer aux chrétiens les leçons à retenir de cette épreuve, connurent une certaine postérité à l’époque byzantine. En effet, dans les siècles suivants, les Invectives de Grégoire furent reprises par les auteurs ecclésiastiques et amplifiées, jusqu’à donner naissance à la légende noire de Julien, magicien et tyran par excellence. Ce n’est toutefois pas cet aspect du texte qui retint l’attention de Basile. Au contraire, Basile aborda ces Discours avec le sérieux d’un philologue qui cherche à rendre ces œuvres accessibles, comme il l’écrit lui-même dans l’épilogue qui suit le Commentaire au Discours 5, « pour ceux qui voient petit et qui ont besoin de lait au lieu d’une alimentation solide en discours » (Comm. 5, 66). À cette fin, il emploie une méthode pédagogique comparable à celle d’un grammairien chargé de faire découvrir à ses élèves une œuvre classique : il alterne ainsi les analyses textuelles, principalement axées sur des notions de grammaire et une paraphrase simplificatrice des passages compliqués, avec les exposés contextuels, qui expliquent les événements mis en scène dans l’œuvre ou les références culturelles et littéraires déployées par l’auteur. À cet ensemble s’ajoutent d’autres éléments d’informations sporadiques, en lien, le plus souvent, avec des matières scolaires, comme la rhétorique, la musique, l’astronomie ou la philosophie. En somme, les Commentaires de Basile ne sont pas seulement intéressants pour l’interprétation ou l’histoire exégétique du texte de Grégoire, mais également en tant que témoins de la culture scolaire du milieu de la période byzantine. / Basilius Minimus, bishop of Caesarea of Cappadocia in the middle of 10th century, is mainly known to have written a Commentary on every Oration of Gregory of Nazianzus. Although he had played in the court of the Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenetus, most notably when the latter recovered his throne and when Polyeuctus became the patriarch of Constantinople – two events very important in his ecclesiastical career –, he is mostly known for his exegetical work. His Commentaries soon experienced some success, as evidenced by the number of manuscripts, more than 80, that transmit his work. This success may have been a result of the support of the Emperor Constantine to which the Commentaries were dedicated, but it also corresponded to a larger movement valorizing the figure of Gregory of Nazianzus, a movement which gained momentum throughout the Byzantine period. His work has been somewhat overshadowed by the contributions of later commentators, which also borrowed from his exegesis, before falling partly into oblivion at the end of the Byzantine Empire. In 1827, Jean-François Boissonade found three of Basilius’ Commentaries in the Bibliothèque du Roi and published them, along with the dedicatory letter with which Basilius announced his work and offered it to Constantine VII. He was closely followed by Louis de Sinner who published another Commentary. Reedited shortly after in Patrologia graeca, these Commentaries however were the only and last Commentaries to be published in full. The exegesis of Basilius Minimus received very little attention from the researchers, until the recent works of Thomas Schmidt, who realized a new critical edition of the dedicatory letter and the editio princeps of the Commentary on the Oration 38. Following the lead of this researcher, this thesis proposes a new critical edition and a French translation of the Commentaries on the Orations 4 and 5, which were formerly published by Boissonade, but only on the basis of two manuscripts. Written by Gregory of Nazianzus in the aftermath of the Emperor Julian’s death in order to castigate the Apostate, to celebrate his death and to show which lessons the Christians should learn from this event, these Orations experienced a certain posterity in the Byzantine era. In the following centuries, Gregory’s Invectives were effectively taken over by ecclesiastical authors and amplified to give birth to the black legend of Julian as a magician and a tyrant par excellence. This is, however, not the aspect of the text that caught the attention of Basilius. On the contrary, Basilius went into these Orations with the seriousness of a philologist who tries to make these works easy to understand, as he himself wrote in the epilogue following the Commentary on the Oration 5, “to those who see small and who need milk instead of a solid diet of discourses” (Comm. 5, 66). For this purpose, he uses a pedagogical method similar to that of a grammarian who introduces his students to a classical text: he alternates textual analysis, mainly focused on grammatical concepts and simplified paraphrases of complicated passages, with contextual explanations, which expound the events mentioned in the work or on the cultural and literary references used by the author. To this corpus, he adds some other sporadic information, usually related to academic subjects such as rhetoric, music, astronomy or philosophy. In sum, the Basilius’ Commentaries are not only useful for the interpretation or exegetical history of Gregory’s text, but also as witnesses of scholarly culture in the middle of the Byzantine period.

Édition critique, traduction française et commentaire philologico-littéraire de trois sections du poème " Perì Katarcôn " de Maxime : perì nosôn (les maladies), perì tomès (les opérations chirurgicales), et perì drapetôn (les esclaves fugitifs). Dans l'introduction je m'occupe de l'attribution du " Perì Katarcôn " à Maxime d'Éphèse, aussi bien que de la langue, du style, et de la métrique du poème. / Critical edition, french translation and commentary of three sections from the poem " Perì Katarchôn " of Maximus : perì nosôn (on the diseases), perì tomès (surgery), and perì drapetôn (runaway slaves). In the introduction I consider the problem of the attribution of the " Perì Katarcôn " to Maximus of Ephesus, and analyse the language, the style and the metric of the poem.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-25Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:07:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000809585.pdf: 421227 bytes, checksum: 94ac2b41022c3cd995d477425914014d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A semiótica greimasiana iniciou seu percurso teórico com a proposição de uma semântica gerativa, geral e discursiva. Logo desenvolveu a sua base inicial: o percurso gerativo de sentido. No âmbito do percurso, o nível narrativo se tornou o mais desenvolvido, até a década de 1980, momento em que os estudos se voltaram para o desenvolvimento da semiótica das paixões e do nível discursivo. Neste trabalho, empreendemos um estudo desse desenvolvimento que se inicia com as influências estruturais e formalistas, passa pela consolidação do modelo de aplicação da semiótica narrativa e, então, culmina com as mudanças que fazem com que a semiótica dos anos 1980 não seja mais a mesma da década de 1960. Buscamos na Historiografia Linguística a metodologia para nos respaldar nesse percurso que foi traçado em três etapas: a primeira, sobre as origens da semiótica narrativa, com a retomada dos estudos de V. Propp e de Lévi-Strauss; a segunda etapa, sobre a cronologia das obras greimasianas partindo da Sémantique structurale (1966) até Du Sens II (1983); e a terceira etapa, na qual buscamos compreender os impasses da teoria em pelo menos três questões levantadas e discutidas pelo filósofo P. Ricoeur: (1) sobre a lógica das conversões entre os níveis profundo e superficial, (2) a questão da temporalidade e (3) sobre a semiótica ser uma teoria interpretativa, ou seja, não somente explicativa, mas também compreensiva. Dessa forma, compreendemos que Greimas partiu dos estudos narratológicos de Propp e dos estudos do mito de Lévi-Strauss e definiu os elementos que tornaram a semiótica narrativa um paradigma científico. Esse paradigma, no entanto, não permanece restrito às suas características iniciais. E é a partir das questões ricoeurianas que correspondem a alguns dos impasses que o paradigma apresentou que pudemos compreender seu percurso de desenvolvimento e mudança / Generative Greimassian semiotics began its theoretical path with the proposal of a generative, general and discursive semantics. Its pillar was soon developed: the generative trajectory of meaning. With its complexification, the narrative level became the most developed, until the 1980s, when the focus of study shifted to the development of the Semiotics of passions and of the discursive level, and beyond the trajectory. We carried out a study of this path of development, which begins with the structural and formalist influences, taking in the consolidation of the model of application of narrative semiotics, and culminating with the changes that have led to Semiotics of the 1980s being different from what it was in the 1960s. We adopted the Linguistic Historiography and methodology as bases of this path, outlined in three stages: the first one, on the origins of narrative semiotics, with the return to the studies of V. Propp and Lévi-Strauss; the second stage about the chronology of the Greimassian works, starting with Sémantique structurale (1966) until Du Sens II (1983); and the third stage, in which we sought to understand the impasses of the theory in at least three questions raised and discussed by the philosopher P. Ricoeur: (1) the logic of the conversions among the deep and the surface levels; (2) the “temporalization” and (3) Semiotics as an interpretive theory, i.e. not merely explanatory, but also comprehensive. Thus, we understand that Greimas started from Propp’s narratological studies and the studies on the myth, by Lévi-Strauss, defining the elements that made the narrative semiotics one scientific paradigm. This paradigm, however, does not remain restrict to its initial characteristics. Therefore, from the ricoeurian questions, which correspond to some impasses showed by the paradigm, we could understand its path of development and change / FAPESP: 12/21220-6

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ca_me_arafcl.pdf: 1899427 bytes, checksum: fa3cc619651d1890bbc7db0fd8fccabe (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender os processos de construção do éthos, concebido enquanto “imagem” ou “identidade” do enunciador, nas cartas familiares escritas por Chico Xavier e atribuídas a “autores espirituais”, sob a perspectiva da Semiótica greimasiana. Por meio da análise das cartas psicografadas, pretende-se demonstrar como a sua configuração semiótica (enunciva e enunciativa) permite caracterizá-las como um tipo de texto em particular, diferenciando-o dos textos epistolares “típicos”. O córpus analisado é composto de dez cartas psicografadas publicadas entre os anos de 1973 e 1980 e atribuídas a três autores: Augusto César Netto, Jair Presente e Laurinho Basile. Entre os conceitos que orientam as análises estão os de práticas semióticas, contrato fiduciário, presença e as relações entre éthos e estilo. O percurso analítico deste estudo inicia-se pela definição da carta como objeto semiótico. Para isso, foram adotadas as contribuições de Jacques Fontanille, na aplicação de uma hierarquia de níveis de pertinência semiótica. Essa hierarquia permitiu a delimitação do percurso da carta psicográfica, desde a sua prática geradora até a sua inscrição em outros objetos-suporte. As noções de práxis enunciativa, práticas semióticas e gênero auxiliaram a caracterização do gênero epistolar psicográfico, enquanto objeto produzido no interior da prática psicográfica epistolar. A sua articulação com a prática de edição, em um nível estratégico, revelou-nos de que maneira a intervenção do editor resulta na ressignificação do texto, inserindo-o, assim, no âmbito editorial. Após a análise do córpus, foi possível constatar que o texto epistolar psicográfico é caracterizado por um éthos dual e ambíguo, coerente com os valores que permeiam a prática da psicografia epistolar / This study aims at understanding the processes of construction of ethos, conceived as the enunciator’s “image” or “identity”, in the family letters written by Chico Xavier and assigned to “spiritual authors”, from the perspective of the Greimassian Semiotics. Through the analysis of psychographic letters, it is intended to demonstrate how their semiotic (enuncive and enunciative) configuration would further characterize them as a particular type of text, different from the “typical” epistolary texts. The corpus analyzed is composed of ten psychographic letters, published between 1973 and 1980 and assigned to three authors: Augusto Cesar Netto, Jair Presente e Laurinho Basile. The analyses were guided by concepts of semiotic practices, fiduciary contract, presence and the relationship between ethos and style. The analytical course of this study begins with the definition of letter as a semiotic object. For this purpose, it adopted Jacques Fontanille’s contributions on the application of a hierarchy of levels of semiotic pertinence. This hierarchy permitted us to delimit the letter course from its generative practice to the other application-supports. The concepts of enunciative praxis, semiotic practices and genre contributed to characterize the psychographic epistolary genre as an object produced in the psychographic practice. Its relationship with editorial practice showed us how the editor’s intervention implies the text resignification, at a strategic level, by setting it within an editorial context. Following the corpus analysis, it was found that the psychographic epistolary text is characterized by a dual and ambiguous ethos, which is coherent with the values that pervade the epistolary psychographic practice

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Monzani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T01:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pulino_LuciaHelenaCavasinZabotto_D.pdf: 17696011 bytes, checksum: 60f363343f074bbbf741d3fc2f1cbe56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho analisa o pensamento filosófico de Julien Offray de La Mettrie, e apresenta uma interpretação de sua ética. O estudo de L 'Homme-machine, Anti-Séneque, La Volupté e Discours Préliminaire, pennite a identificação das principais idéias de seu pensamento ético, tendo-se como referência o conceito de homme-machine. Faz-se uma análise de Anti-Séneque, ou Discours sur le Bonheur, contrapondo-o a De Vita Beata, de Sêneca. Delineia-se a ética de La Mettrie, com suas múltiplas fonnas de felicidade: a bonheur organique, a volupté, e a bonheur social, todas elas enraizadas, em última instância, na organização fisiológica natural do indivíduo. O conceito de imaginação se revela como o elemento-chave na elaboração da ética do autor. Investiga-se o papel da faculdade da imaginação no processo de transformação da forma original de felicidade, a bonheur organique, nas outras formas, na inserção do ser humano em sociedade, na construção de um mundo simbólico e da linguagem em especial, e no processo de educação do homme-machine. Apresenta-se a ética de La Mettrie e seu papel na vida do indivíduo, como arte de viver, de conseguir ser livre em alguma medida, e, especialmente, a arte de ter prazer e de ser feliz, em uma sociedade cujos governantes seriam orientados pelo médicin-philosophe para acolher seu homme-machine. Oferece-se uma interpretação da ética de La Mettrie que considera o conceito de imaginação como o elemento-chave na elaboração e na compreensão do pensamento ético do médicin-philosophe / Abstract: This work analyses Julien Offray de La Mettrie' s philosophical thought, and presents an interpretation of his ethics. The study of L 'Homme-machine, Anti-Séneque, La Volupté and Discours Préliminaire pennits the identification of the main ideas of his ethical thought, taking his concept of homme-machine as a reference. An analysis of Anti-Séneque, or Discours sur le Bonheur, in opposition to Sêneca' s De Vila Beata is made. La Mettrie' s ethics is outlined, with its multiple fonns ofhappiness : the bonheur organique, the volupté, and the social bonheur, all of them rooted, in a defmitive way, in the individual' s physiological organization. The concept of imagination is revealed as the key element in the elaboration of his ethics. It is investigated the role of the faculty of imagination in the process of turning the original form of happiness, the bonheur organique, into the other forms, in the human being's insertion in society, in the construction of a symbolic world and specially of the language, and in the homme-machine' s process of education. It is presented La Mettrie's ethical thought and his role in the individual's life, as an art of living, an art of getting free in some degree, and, specially, as the art of being happy, in a society whose rulers should be oriented by the médicin-philosophe to receíve his homme-machine. It' s offered an interpretation of La Mettrie' s thought that takes the concept of imagination as the key element, in the elaboration as well as in the comprehension of the médicin-philosophe's ethics / Doutorado / Doutor em Filosofia

The Rosetta Stone is one of the most important stone fragments in history. It is the most popular single object in London’s British Museum, has been the object of scholarly research and has had much written about it. Indeed, any account of the history of translation will at least mention the Rosetta Stone. Today, the name “Rosetta” is used metaphorically in the context of translation, foreign-language learning, and even space exploration. In the light of this, one would assume that all sources are in agreement on the facts but, surprisingly, this is not the case. This article shows that sources disagree even in the most obvious aspects, such as the material, colour, condition of the stone and, in particular, with respect to its discovery. Based on an excursion to Alexandria, Rashíd and the – in all likelihood – real discovery site in the Nile delta, this article provides facts and casts some doubt on the reliability of internet sources.

Orientador: Daniela Mantarro Callipo / Resumo: Ao analisar as obras O amanuense Belmiro (1937) de Cyro dos Anjos, Caminhos cruzados (1935) e Um lugar ao sol (1936) de Erico Verissimo, percebe-se um tema comum entre elas: a representação do intelectual na sociedade, bem como a função da literatura à qual ele se dedica. A discussão acerca do intelectual perdura há séculos, visto que muitos filósofos já se debruçaram nesta temática, a fim de compreender a sua função. Julien Benda, com a obra La trahison des clercs, publicada em 1927, retoma essa discussão ao dissertar a respeito da função do intelectual, além de defender que a partir do século XX os intelectuais passaram a traí-la. A questão da função do intelectual na sociedade, principalmente na literatura, pode ser observada nas obras de Cyro dos Anjos e Erico Verissimo. Assim, esta tese tem como objetivo mostrar de que maneira esta representação se configura nas obras dos autores estudados e em quais aspectos se assemelha ao intelectual defendido por Julien Benda. A Literatura Comparada e, mais especificamente, a Comparação temática possibilitam a análise das três obras brasileiras sob a perspectiva do intelectual na década de 1930, contrapondo-as àquilo que Julien Benda defende como sendo a função do intelectual; além disso, a análise dos mitos literários de Dom Quixote e de Fausto também contribui para a compreensão da construção de algumas personagens, bem como a sua tomada de consciência em relação ao intelectual. Tanto na obra de Cyro dos Anjos, quanto nas obras de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

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Même si les Humanistes et les Lumières tentèrent de réhabiliter le personnage de Julien l'Apostat, leurs tentatives furent somme toute vaines. En effet, encore au début du siècle dernier on parlait de l'Apostat sans même qu'il soit nécessaire de nommer Julien. Systématiquement, il était qualifié de suppôt de Satan, de magicien, d'impie pratiquant des sacrifices humains. Le présent travail se propose d'analyser l'évolution de la figure de l'empereur Julien durant les deux siècles qui suivirent sa mort, en 363, et se divise en trois chapitres. Le premier se concentre sur les faits historiquement attestés dans les différentes sources (épigraphiques, numismatiques, littéraires) au sujet de l'homme et traite des épisodes principaux de sa vie - sa naissance, son césarat, sa proclamation - sous la forme d'une analyse historique. Le deuxième étudie l'évolution de son image à travers les sources littéraires païennes et chrétiennes du IVe au VIe siècle, en analysant, dans un premier lieu, le portrait-bilan que les auteurs ont peint (portrait de Julien par lui-même ; portrait physique ; portrait psychologique). Le troisième chapitre est consacré au Roman syriaque de Julien l'Apostat et à l'étude du personnage désormais légendaire, où des extraits illustrant les thèmes du deuxième chapitre sont analysés. Le mémoire sert principalement à mettre en place le contexte des siècles précédant la mise par écrit du Roman.