The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the interrelationships of several important fitness characteristics in Division 1 athletes. Sport performance magnitude is the summation of an individual athlete’s technical, psychological, and fitness characteristics. Athletes who excel in any or all characteristics perform better in their chosen sports. General fitness characteristics that are important to almost all sports include strength, power, vertical jump height, shortdistance sprinting ability, muscularity, and body fat percentage. These variables have been shown in previous research to independently affect athletic performance outcomes, but their relationships to one another are less clear. Eighty Division I athletes from 4 sports were examined in a variety of fitness characteristics as part of a continuous athlete monitoring program. Data on strength, power, vertical jump height, short-distance sprinting speed, muscularity, and body fat percentage were collected and analyzed. Analysis revealed several important relationships. Firstly, strength is highly related to muscularity, with lean body mass as one of the most important determinants of strength. Secondly, athletes who can produce high relative (scaled per body mass) forces and powers tend to be considerably higher jumpers and much faster sprinters. Lastly, leaner athletes out-perform less lean athletes in almost every metric, especially relative strength and power, vertical jumping ability, and sprinting ability.

Identifying Low-head dams (LHD) and creating an inventory become a priority as fatalities continue to occur at these structures. Because obstruction inventories do not specifically identify LHDs, and they are not assigned a hazard classification, there is not an official inventory of LHD. However, there is a multi-agency taskforce that is creating an inventory of LHD. All efforts have been performed by manually identifying LHD on Google Earth Pro (GE Pro). The purpose of this paper is to assess whether a machine learning approach can accelerate the national inventory. We used a machine learning approach to implement a high-resolution remote sensing data and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. The model achieved 76% accuracy on identifying LHD (true positive) and 95% accuracy identifying NLHD (true negative) on the validation set. We deployed the trained model into the National Hydrologic Geospatial Fabric (Hydrofabric) flowlines on the Provo River watershed. The results showed a high number of false positives and low accuracy in identifying LHD due to the mismatch between Hydrofabric flowlines and actual waterways. We recommend improving the accuracy of the Hydrofabric waterway tracing algorithms to increase the percentage of correctly classified LHD.

Bakgrund: Inom flera idrotter såsom fotboll, basket och innebandy är en bra sprintprestation viktigt. Sprintprestation påverkas av många olika faktorer. I litteraturen har det noterats en stark korrelation mellan prestation i vertikala och horisontella hopp och sprintprestation. Dessutom har flera studier påvisat hur prestation i Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP), som är en form av test av maximal statisk styrka i ben- och ryggmuskulaturen, har en måttlig eller stark korrelation med sprintprestation. Enligt författarnas kännedom har ingen studie undersökt korrelationen mellan sprintprestation och variablerna hopphöjd, hopplängd, Rate of Force Development (RFD), Relativ Power (RP) samt Peak Force (PF) hos unga manliga innebandyspelare. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka korrelationen mellan sprintprestation och prestation i IMTP-test och hopprestation hos unga manliga innebandyspelare. Metod: Deltagarna bestod av nio unga manliga innebandyspelare; 16 ± 1 år, 73,2 ± 6,5 kg och 179 ± 7 cm, som genomförde tester bestående av 20-metersprint, stående längdhopp, Countermovement Jump (CMJ) och IMTP. Resultat: Icke-signifikanta måttligt starka korrelationer noterades mellan sprintprestation och hopprestation (hopphöjd i CMJ, r=-0.455, p=0.219; hopplängd i stående längdhopp, r=-0.467, p=0.205; RP (w/kg) i CMJ, r=-0.356, p=0.348). Ingen av de övriga testresultaten (RFD och PF i IMTP-test) korrelerade med sprintprestation. Slutsats: Måttligt starka, icke-signifikanta korrelationer observerades mellan sprintprestation och hopprestation (hopphöjd i CMJ, hopplängd i stående längdhopp, RP (w/kg) i CMJ. Att de måttligt starka sambanden inte blev statistiskt signifikanta beror troligtvis på att studien hade för få deltagare (n=9). Det fanns ingen korrelation mellan sprintprestation och övriga variabler (RFD och PF i IMTP). Framtida forskning inom ämnet bör genomföras på ett större urval för att kunna få resultat med statistisk signifikans. / Background: Within several sports such as football, basketball and floorball sprint performance is an important ability. Sprint performance is influenced by a variety of factors. Previous literature has demonstrated that there may be a strong correlation between performance in vertical and horizontal jumping and sprint performance. In addition, several studies have shown how performance in Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP), which is a form of test of maximal static strength in the leg and back muscles, has a moderate or strong correlation with sprint performance. However the authors found no study that has examined the correlation between sprint performance and the variables jump height, jump length, RFD, RP and PF among young male floorball players. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between sprint performance and performance in IMTP-test and jump performance among young male floorball players. Method: The participants in this study consisted of 9 young male floorball players; 16 ± 1 years, 73,2 ± 6,5 kg och 179 ± 7 cm, that performed a variety of tests; 20 meter sprint, standing long jump, Countermovement Jump (CMJ) and IMTP. Results: Non-significant moderately correlations were noted between sprint performance and jump performance (jump height in CMJ, r=-0.455, p=0.219; jump length in standing long jump, r=-0.467, p=0.205; RP (w/kg) in CMJ, r=-0.356, p=0.348). None of the other test results (RFD and PF in IMTP-test) correlated with sprint performance. Besides that none of the test results had a correlation with a statistical significance. Conclusion: Moderately strong, non-significant correlations were observed between sprint performance and jump performance (jump height in CMJ, jump length in standing long jump, RP (w/kg) in CMJ). The relatively low number of participants (n=9) in this study may explain why the moderately strong relationships betweeen sprint and jump performance did not become statistically significant. There was no correlation between sprint performance and the other variables (RFD and PF in IMTP). Future research should be conducted on a larger sample in order to obtain results with statistical significance.

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Detta examensarbete har genomförts med syftet att utveckla Inno-x företagets system, som är avsett för vardagsidrottare för att mäta neuromuskulära aktiviteter i underkroppen med hjälp av modern teknologi. Systemet omfattar en tröghetsmätningsenhet (IMU) med accelerometer, gyroskop och en EMG-sensor (elektromyografi). Denna konfiguration möjliggör noggrann övervakning av neuromuskulära aktiviteter genom analys av svar på träning. Studiens mål var att identifiera en effektiv sensor för mätning av horisontella hoppavstånd och att utveckla en algoritm som sedan ska integreras i företagets produkt. Produkten kommer att använda magnetometer och IMU för att tolka mänskliga rörelser och för att förbättra noggrannheten i företagets mätningssystem. Processen inkluderar förbättring av mätningarnas noggrannhet, integration av teknik med biomekaniska principer, utvärdering av kalibreringstekniker för magnetometeravläsningar, kombination av sensorer för rörelseanalys och genomförande av utvärdering med olika åldersgrupper som består av 10 deltagare för att bedöma systemets effektivitet. Även om ingen av metoderna helt uppnådde den önskade noggrannheten inom ±5 cm, visade alla metoder god prestanda för olika tillämpningar. Detta antyder att implementeringen av en kalibrerad magnetometer potentiellt kan förbättra systemets noggrannhet vid bestämning av horisontella hoppavstånd, dock endast med en liten marginal, eftersom studien visade att med kalibrerade magnetometer RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) ökat med 0.99 cm. Ytterligare forskning rekommenderas för att undersöka nya sätt att kalibrera sensorer och integrera dem för mer precisa avläsningar. Dock bör det beaktas att magnetometeravläsningar påverkas av miljöfaktorer. Dessutom är det viktigt att skapa ett användarvänligt gränssnitt som gör det möjligt för idrottare att enkelt spåra och analysera sina prestandadata. / This thesis has been conducted with the objective of developing the Inno-X company's system, which is intended for everyday athletes to measure neuromuscular activities in the lower body using modern technology. The system includes an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with an accelerometer, gyroscope, and an Electromyography (EMG) sensor. This configuration enables accurate monitoring of neuromuscular activities through the analysis of responses to training. The study's goal was to identify an effective sensor for measuring horizontal jump distances and to develop an algorithm that would then be integrated into the company's product. The product will use a magnetometer and IMU to interpret human movements and to improve the accuracy of the company's measurement system. The process includes improving the accuracy of measurements, integrating technology with biomechanical principles, evaluating calibration techniques for magnetometer readings, combining sensors for motion analysis, and conducting evaluations with different age groups consisting of 10 participants to assess the system's effectiveness. Although none of the methods fully achieved the desired accuracy within ±5 cm, all methods showed good performance for various applications. This suggests that the implementation of a calibrated magnetometer could potentially improve the system's accuracy in determining horizontal jump distances, albeit only by a small margin, as the study showed that with calibrated magnetometers, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) increased by 0.99 cm. Further research is recommended to explore new ways to calibrate sensors and integrate them for more precise readings. However, it should be considered that magnetometer readings are affected by environmental factors. Additionally, it is important to create a user-friendly interface that enables athletes to easily track and analyze their performance data.

No / Modification of high-risk movement strategies such as dynamic knee valgus is key to the reduction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) injuries. Augmented feedback, which includes video and verbal feedback, could offer a quick, simple and effective alternative to training programs for altering high-risk movement patterns. It is not clear whether feedback can reduce dynamic knee valgus measured using frontal plane projection angle (FPPA). Methods Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), two-dimensional FPPA of the knee, contact time and jump height of 20 recreationally active university students were measured during a drop jump task pre- and post- an augmented feedback intervention. A control group of eight recreationally active university students were also studied at baseline and repeat test. Results There was a significant reduction in vGRF (p = 0.033), FPPA (p < 0.001) and jump height (p < 0.001) and an increase in contact time (p < 0.001) post feedback in the intervention group. No changes were evident in the control group. Conclusion Augmented feedback leads to significant decreases in vGRF, FPPA and contact time which may help to reduce ACL and PFJ injury risk. However, these changes may result in decreased performance. Clinical relevance Augmented feedback reduces dynamic knee valgus, as measured via FPPA, and forces experienced during the drop jump task and therefore could be used as a tool for helping decrease ACL and PFJ injury risk prior to, or as part of, the implementation of injury prevention training programs.

可轉換公司債是一種複雜且擁有許多風險的商品，而對於台灣的可轉債市場來說，信用風險佔了評價裡很重要的一部份。本篇論文使用縮減式評價模型，考慮信用風險及股價跳躍。跳躍模型使用Pareto-Beta Jump-Diffusion模型，並且利用信用價差之動態過程，來對可轉換公司債作評價，而為了解決提前轉換的問題，也使用了最小平方蒙地卡羅法來處理。本篇論文分別對宏碁與新光金之可轉債做實證研究，實證結果顯示，加入了股價跳躍之後，的確可以使理論價格更貼近市場真實價格。

機構投資者在現今全球的金融市場中佔有舉足輕重的地位，但是在財務理論的領域裡，他們卻是被極度忽略的一群。本文的第一個部分（見第二章）建構在傳統的期望效用理論之下，進而推導出機構投資者的最適動態資產配置模型。研究發現機構投資者的最適動態資產配置乃是由標竿避險元素與跨期-規模避險元素所共同組成。標竿避險元素述說了機構投資者跟隨標竿投資組合的現象，而跨期-規模避險元素除了為資產配置迷思提供了一個可能的解決之道外，更指出機構投資者會隨著所管理的資產增加而趨於保守。再者，近年來傳統的期望效用理論履遭學者們的質疑，許多實證結果均顯示展望理論更能貼切描述人們的行為模式。本文的第二個部分（見第三章）假設機構投資者的行為模式符合展望理論的公理與假說，進而推導出機構投資者的動態資產配置模型。研究發現當機構投資人處於獲利的狀態之下時，其最適動態資產配置和第二章所得到的結果完全相同，但是，當機構投資人處於損失的狀態下時，他會變得比較積極，持有的風險性資產會大於處於獲利狀態之下時所做的決策。雖然行為財務學已行之有年，但是大家對於損失趨避係數對資產配置所造成的影響所卻知極為有限，本文在此提供了一個參考的模型。本研究發現，損失趨避係數對動態資產配置的影響力會被風險趨避係數、個別投資人對機構投資者績效的敏感度以及機構投資者本身所收取的管理費所抵消掉。此外，近年來金融市場巨幅震盪的現象履見不鮮，本文的最後一個部份（見第四章）假設機構投資者的行為模式符合展望理論的公理與假說，進而在跳躍模式下推導出機構投資者的動態資產配置模型。研究發現在跳躍模式下機構投資者的最適動態資產配置乃是由標竿避險元素、跨期-規模避險元素與跳躍避險元素所共同組成。這個新的元素－「跳躍避險元素」，用以描述機構投資者在面對 跳躍模式所帶來的不同衝擊時所產生的不同回應。本研究發現即使面對相同的投資環境，機構投資者仍然會因為本身所處的狀態不同而有不一樣的投資決策，這個結果迥異於傳統的理論模型，是一個相當有趣且值得進一步研究的議題。此外，本研究還發現損失趨避係數在不同的狀況之下會分別發揮不同的影響力，對損失趨避係數在財務理論上的意義提供了另一個新的視野。 / Institutional investors do matter in financial market, but most of the studies on institutional investors have not determined holdings of different assets by institutional investors. Institutional investors who receive payments and deposits from their customers but they are also subject to withdrawals from them. Compared with individual investors, institutional investors do bear the extra risk that evokes from individual investors. Appling dynamic programming approach, we derive the optimal dynamic asset allocation of institutional investors. In chapter 2, we find that the optimal dynamic asset allocation of the institutional investor with exponential utility function contains two components: the benchmark hedge component and the intertemporal-size hedge component. The benchmark hedge component indicates that the institutional investor takes care of the volatility of benchmark portfolio. The intertemporal-size hedge component provides a possible solution to asset allocation puzzle and depicts that the position of risky assets held by the institutional investor is inversively proportional with its total net managed assets. In chapter 3, we take operating cost into account and find that the optimal dynamic asset allocation of the institutional investor with revised value function will hold more risky assets when she is facing losses, and the sensitivity of loss aversion to dynamic asset allocation strategy is inversively proportional with the absolute risk aversion coefficient, the sensitivity of flow to performance, and the management fee charged by the institutional investor. In chapter 4, we consider both the operating cost and the risk of a sudden large shock to security price into account and find that the optimal dynamic asset allocation of the institutional investor has a further component than that in chapter 3. The further component is labeled "jumps hedge component". Besides, the optimal dynamic asset allocation is divided into four situations that figure the institutional investor with different status quo will make different investment decision. It is a very surprisingly result. Furthermore, we find a very interesting phenomenon that the loss aversion coefficient plays different roles in different situations.

Le but de cette thèse est d'apporter une contribution à la problématique de valorisation de produits dérivés en marchés incomplets. Nous considérons tout d'abord les cibles stochastiques introduites par Soner et Touzi (2002) afin de traiter le problème de sur-réplication, et récemment étendues afin de traiter des approches plus générales par Bouchard, Elie et Touzi (2009). Nous généralisons le travail de Bouchard {\sl et al} à un cadre plus général où les diffusions sont sujettes à des sauts. Nous devons considérer dans ce cas des contrôles qui prennent la forme de fonctions non bornées, ce qui impacte de façon non triviale la dérivation des EDP correspondantes. Notre deuxième contribution consiste à établir une version des cibles stochastiques qui soit robuste à l'incertitude de modèle. Dans un cadre abstrait, nous établissons une version faible du principe de programmation dynamique géométrique de Soner et Touzi (2002), et nous dérivons, dans un cas d'EDS controllées, l'équation aux dérivées partielles correspondantes, au sens des viscosités. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à un exemple de couverture partielle sous incertitude de Knightian. Finalement, nous nous concentrons sur le problème de valorisation de produits dérivées {\sl hybrides} (produits dérivés combinant finance de marché et assurance). Nous cherchons plus particulièrement à établir une condition suffisante sous laquelle une règle de valorisation (populaire dans l'industrie), consistant à combiner l'approches actuarielle de mutualisation avec une approche d'arbitrage, soit valable.