Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. When given optimal treatment, however, the risk of severe illness may greatly be reduced. Determining optimal treatment in turn requires evaluation of disease progression and response to potential, previous treatment. Analysis of perfusion, a physiological property that describes how well different tissues are supplied with blood, has been shown useful for revealing important tumor characteristics. By performing a contrast agent-enhanced, non-invasive medical imaging procedure, quantitative parameters of perfusion can be obtained by fitting the image data to mathematical models. These parameters may then provide valuable insights into tumor properties, useful for purposes such as diagnostics and treatment response evaluation. Varieties of parameter calculation frameworks and perfusion models may however lead to a wide range of possible parameter values, which negatively impacts reproducibility and confidence in results. The aim of this thesis project was to explore how different implementation choices in a perfusion parameter calculations framework, as well as image data noise and filtering, affected the parameter estimations. Image data of nine brain-tumor patients and a physical phantom was used for calculating perfusion parameters after systematically applying changes to the default calculations framework. The results showed that the choice of optimization method for parameter estimations could provide a significant difference in parameter estimations. A semi-automated method for obtaining a venous input function was evaluated and shown to be robust with respect to simulated user inputs. Generation of a T1 map, used when performing the parameter calculations, was explored for the variable flip-angle method and from this investigation it was concluded that a few combinations of flip-angles generated unrealistic T1 maps. Finally, a Gaussian image filter applied in the x- and ydimensions of the image data was found to provide a noticeable reduction of applied noise. The outcome of the experiments exemplified how calculation framework setup affected parameter estimations, which was discussed to be of importance for other areas of research as well. Future work could encompass exploration of other, more complex perfusion models, and performing similar analysis for tumors in other body-parts. / Cancer är en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna i världen. Risken för svår sjukdom kan dock minimeras om optimal behandling ges, vilket kräver utvärdering av sjukdomstillstånd och svar på eventuell tidigare behandling för att åstadkommas. Mätningar av perfusion, en fysiologisk egenskap som direkt relaterar till vävnadernas blodtillförsel, har visat sig vara användbar för att avslöja viktiga tumöregenskaper. Genom att utföra en icke-invasiv medicinsk bildtagningsprocedur med kontrastvätska kan kvantitativa perfusionsparametrar erhållas genom att anpassa bilddatat till matematiska modeller. Dessa parametrar kan sedan ge värdefulla insikter om tumörers egenskaper, användbara för ändamål som diagnostik och utvärdering av behandling. Variationer av ramverk för parameterberäkningar och perfusionsmodeller kan dock leda till många olika, möjliga parametervärden, vilket negativt påverkar reproducerbarhet och förtroende för korrekthet hos de beräknade parametrarna. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utforska hur implementeringen av ett ramverk för perfusionsparameterberäkningar, samt bilddatabrus och filtrering, påverkade parameterberäkningarna. Bilddata från nio hjärntumörpatienter samt en fysisk fantom användes för att beräkna perfusionsparametrar efter att systematiskt ändrat delar av ett ursprungligt beräkningsramverk. Resultaten visade att valet av optimeringsmetod för modelanpassning kunde ge en signifikant skillnad i parameteruppskattningar. En semi-automatiserad metod designad för att erhålla en venös inflödesfunktion utvärderades och påvisades vara robust med avseende på simulerad användarinteraktion. Generering av en T1-karta, som kan användas för parameterberäkningarna, undersöktes för variable flip-angle metoden, och från denna undersökning drogs slutsatsen att ett antal kombinationer av vinklar genererade orealistiska T1-kartor. Slutligen visade sig ett Gaussiskt bildfilter applicerat i x- och y-dimensionerna av bilddata ge en märkbar reducering av applicerat brus. Arbetet gav exempel på hur val av beräkningsramverk kan påverka parameteruppskattningar, vilket vidare diskuterades kan ha betydelse inom andra forskningsområden. Framtida undersökningar kan innefatta att utforska andra, mer komplexa perfusionsmodeller, samt att utföra liknande analyser för tumörer i andra kroppsdelar.

Den första detaljerade topografiska karteringen som täcker en större del av Sverige är den s.k. Häradskartan som framställdes under 1800-talets andra hälft och som följdes av Generalstabens topografiska karta under början av 1900-talet. För framställning av kartorna upprättades först stomkartor genom transporter av äldre kartor i större skala från skiften och lantmäteriförrättningar. Historiska topografiska kartor ur Häradskartan och stomkartorna till Generalstabens topografiska karta publicerades under 2023 av Naturvårdsverket i form av digitala kartraster som georefererats med en automatisk metod baserad på rutnät av kartbladshörn för kartserierna. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida resultatet av den automatiska georefering som utförts med kartbladshörnen kan förbättras med en metod baserad på identifiering av gemensamma passpunkter mellan de historiska kartan och den moderna topografiska karta som finns tillgänglig som öppen data från Lantmäteriet. För att den metod som används ska vara användbar för en intresserad allmänhet undersöktes de möjligheter för georeferering av de historiska topografiska kartorna som finns med kostnadsfria Open Source-programvaror och öppna data. För att resultatet av georefereringen ska kunna utvärderas i en praktisk tillämpning undersöktes skapande av 3D-visualiseringar av de historiska kartorna. Studien avgränsas till ett område omfattande 400 000 ha huvudsakligen i Örebro län och de georefereringsmetoder som finns i programvaran QGIS. Passpunkter identifierades i den moderna topografiska kartan där byggnadspunkter för slott, kyrkor och herrgårdar som kunde verifieras genom sökningar i bebyggelseregister kompletterades med gränspunkter, vägkorsningar och hydrografiska objekt som visuellt kan antas sammanfalla vid studie av geometrier i de automatiskt georefererade kartorna. För att de kartblad som bygger upp kartserierna ska passa ihop över skarvarna efter georeferering mosaikerades dessa kartblad till ett gemensamt virtuellt kartraster. Resultaten av georefereringen visade att de medelavvikelser som uppmättes i de automatiskt rektifierade kartorna, ca 50 m för Häradskartan och ca 150 m för stomkartorna, kunde förbättras till ca 30 m för båda kartmaterialen med ca sex passpunkter/kvadratmil. Det framgår dock att stora lokala variationer i storleken på felen finns såväl före som efter transformationerna och studien visar på att en mer komplex lokal transformationsmetod med en stor mängd passpunkter fördelade över kartan behövs för att erhålla generella förbättringar av passningen. De skapade 3D-visualiseringarna visade på att en visuellt bättre passning ändå kunde erhållas även med de relativt få passpunkter som använts här. / The first detailed topographic mapping of larger parts of Sweden is the so-called District Economic Map that was produced during the second half of the 19th century and which was followed by the General Staff Map in the beginning of the 20th century. These maps were produced from skeleton maps that were constructed from transports of older large-scaled maps from legal shifts and parcel acts. Historical topographic maps from the District Economic Map and the skeleton maps for the General Staff Map were published in 2023 as digital raster maps that has been georeferenced using an automatic method based on a grid of corner coordinates for the map series. This study aims to investigate whether the result of the automatic georeferencing method can be improved using a method of identifying common ground control points between the historical maps and the modern topographic maps that are available as open data from the Swedish Land Survey. In order for the applied methods to be available to an interested general public this study investigates the possibilities of performing the georeferencing using free open-source software and open data. To allow the evaluation of the georeferencing results in a practical application the historical maps are visualized in 3D. The study is limited to an area encompassing 400 000 ha mainly in Örebro county and the georeferencing algorithms that are available in the QGIS software. Ground control points were identified in the modern topographic map by supplementing building points representing castles, churches and manor houses that can be verified by researching registries of built heritage with boundary points, road crossings and hydrographic objects that visually appear to coincide when studying the geometries of the automatically georeferenced maps. In order to ensure that the map sheets that make up the map series fit over the sheet edges the sheets were mosaicked in a single virtual raster. The results of the georeferencing process show that the mean deviations that could be measured in the automatically referenced maps (approx. 50 m for the District Economic Map and approx. 150 m for the skeleton maps) could be improved to approx. 30 m in both cases using about six control points per 10 000 ha. Large variations in the sizes of local errors are prevalent both before and after the transformations and the study shows that a more complex local transformation method using a large amount of control points is required in order to achieve a general improvement of the fit with modern data. Visualizing in 3D did show, however, that a visually significant improvement could be achieved already using relatively few control points as in this study.

This master thesis describes a detached house, requirements for the detached house, price, technical-economic index and card of cost indicator. The author performed an analysis of selected houses and itemized budgets of selected houses. Different shapes, technologies and solutions of materials are included in the analysis. The author, from the analysis, inferred the behavior of technical-economic index (TEI) of detached houses. The author described behavior in the particular and sub models. The author suggested methodology of calculation of the price data, the spatial data and the structure of price TEICF2 (technical-economic index, complex formula, version 2) of planned detached house. The author founded his methodology on particular and sub models. The principle of methodology TEICF2 consists in the analogy of the planned detached house with the model with same parameters. The author implemented TEICF2 into application dyCBI. Application dyCBI is working on Microsoft Excel.

Rapporten är en sammanställning av gruppens samlade erfarenheter och lärdomar av ett projekt vars syfte var att utveckla ett verktyg som ska visualisera svarstider mellan mobila klienter och datacenter. Genom att använda kontinuerlig prototypning har gruppen kunnat arbeta på ett användarna sätt för att uppfylla kundens verkliga behov. För att uppnå detta användes utvecklingsmetodiken Kanban. Under projektets gång anpassades metodiken för att bättra passa in i arbetet. Projektets användartester har lett till sammanfattande erfarenheter om visualisering av data. Visualiseringar som projektgruppen ansetts tydliga uppfattades inte alltid på samma sätt av användarna. Att visualisera flera parametrar på en världskarta anses vara problematiskt då kartan i sig endast består av länder. För visualisering av flera parametrar måste då även externa användas, exempelvis cirklar eller andra former.

This Master thesis deals with the design and construction of a measuring device for measuring and the current consumption logging of sensors using LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology. The theoretical part of the thesis firstly summarizes selected LPWAN technologies. Selected technologies, namely: LoRaWAN, Sigfox and Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), are described more in detail. Further, the current measurement techniques are briefly discussed. The main focus is given to the current shunt measuring methods. The second half of thesis describes procedures conducted during the design and construction of a measuring device. The current measuring is based on the current shunt circuit complemented by the voltage amplification circuit, whose output is subsquently converted into digital form using an AD converter. The thesis describes in great detail the procedures for selecting individual components and important processes used in design of printed circuit boards. An integral part of the measuring device implementation is the design and implementation of control software, which is described in detail and supplemented by workflow charts underlining the entire description. The implementation of the entire measuring device is completed by the design and implementation of the cover box using 3D printing technology. Finally, the specifications of designed device are briefly discussed based on the limits of the used components.

This thesis deals with creating application Datalogger for PROFIBUS. Describes communications standard Profibus, PLC and PC communication via PROFIBUS, API used for Profibus-PCI card, used programming language and development tool, a description of graphic and software parts of developed application Datalogger and finally describes the testing of developed applications datalogger.

The aim of this Master´s thesis is use of instrument transformers and sensors on field of industry protection. We will compare current and voltage transformers, current sensor – based on Rogowski coil, voltage sensor – based on voltage divider. By this measure devices, we can monitoring values of analog quantities in medium voltage switchgear. It is impossible to compare, measure and analyze without this measure devices. There is protection terminal REF542plus, which can compile this values. The REF542plus ability are measuring, monitoring, remote control and protection. First, we will discuss about theory of sensors and convential instrument transformers and analysis of analog signal. We will compare analog input channel on sensor´s analog module and transformer´s analog module. There are few differences between type of analog modules. For analog signal analysis are important frequency filters and Analog/ Digital Convertor (sigma-delta). We will describe functions and options of REF542plus. In practical part of this project, we will test protection functions of protection terminal. First, protection terminal will be connected to sensors. Second protection terminal will be connected to transformers. For testing we chose Earth-fault directional protection and differential protection. We will make only secondary tests. That´s mean, input analog quantities to REF542plus will be simulated by tester. In all we will verify quality of protection. We will focus on lower settings of protection and we will inject protection by low current. Objectives are testing of trip characteristics and measuring of trip time.

Master’s thesis deals with a design and a realization of multifunction board computer for motorcycles. The goal of the device is measuring speed, rotation speed of engine, temperature of ambient, temperature of engine, temperature in intake including signalization of overvoltage and hightemperature. The device is completed by above standard function such as measuring titl of motorcycle, climbing of route, route recording and data transmission to the computer. The thesis includes a complete solution of hardware and software part of the device.

The aim of this work is to create a functional prototype of a drum machine with sound generating using a microcontroller. Introduction is devoted to general drum machine and an analysis of its parts, principle and basic modes of operation. The following chapter deals with the principle of digital signal processing and sound generation using a microcontroller. Part of this chapter is focused on mixing using compression methods. The core of this work is to design my own block structure and overall scheme of the drum machine with a description of the parts. Followed by analysis and implementation with theoretical and practical point of view. It is mainly about presentation and description of important parts of firmware codes, DPS design and another technical documentation useful for final prototype production. The conclusion contains a summary of the results with prezentation and discussion.

Thesis theme is Prices buildings in the landscape engineering projects. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part explains the concepts that appear in the practical part. In the second part is illustrated in the example shown computation overhead, comparing several types of prices that were created using a decoupling of the program, and create cards budgetary indicators for the catalog cost indicators of common facilities landscaping.