A disseminaÃÃo da tecnologia de informaÃÃo tem trazido impactos a todos os setores da sociedade desde as transaÃÃes comerciais passando pelas relaÃÃes pessoais de trabalho, estudo e pesquisa. Esse aspecto gera um descompasso entre as geraÃÃes de quem ensina e quem aprende produzindo questÃes, que trazem consequÃncias para a EducaÃÃo e que precisam ser pensadas criticamente. O professor tem papel fundamental visto que seu letramento digital implica, diretamente, no uso das ferramentas tecnolÃgicas para enriquecimento das prÃticas didÃticas. No entanto o que mais se tem observado à um alto nÃvel de aparatos tecnolÃgicos nas instituiÃÃes de ensino, encontrando professores sem preparo para sua utilizaÃÃo, inviabilizando assim o meio, o instrumento facilitador. Diante da inquietude sobre como os profissionais de Pedagogia estariam sendo preparados para lhe dar com essa realidade, surge o objetivo geral desta pesquisa que foi: analisar a contribuiÃÃo da integralizaÃÃo curricular do Curso de Pedagogia da UFC na formaÃÃo dos saberes tecnolÃgicos de seus professores. Para isso propÃs-se como objetivos especÃficos levantar e analisar as constantes transformaÃÃes da educaÃÃo no Brasil e suas prÃticas pedagÃgicas, apontar e analisar as teorias curriculares e sua contribuiÃÃo para formaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo, identificar as mudanÃas que a democratizaÃÃo da tecnologia trouxe para a vivÃncia acadÃmica, destacar o nÃvel de formaÃÃo de professores quanto ao saber docente tecnolÃgico e verificar a integralizaÃÃo curricular do curso de Pedagogia da UFC como base à anÃlise dos saberes docentes. No que tange a metodologia, o presente estudo à descritivo com abordagem quali-quantitativa e como procedimentos metodolÃgicos foi utilizada a pesquisa documental e de campo. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionÃrios aplicados aos professores e alunos egressos do curso de Pedagogia da UFC. Alguns resultados apontam que os alunos consideram a tecnologia essencial no processo educativo, nÃo somente em sala de aula, mas tambÃm na realizaÃÃo de atividades didÃticas, e avaliam que as disciplinas nÃo abordam essa importÃncia, nem tÃo pouco utilizam essa prÃtica como processo de melhoria das aulas. As disciplinas da integralizaÃÃo curricular nÃo abordam a importÃncia do saber tecnolÃgico formando assim professores que futuramente saem com grande dÃficit, tendo que procurar outros meios para aquisiÃÃo desse conhecimento. / The spread of information technology has brought impacts to all sectors of society from business transactions going through personal relationships work, study and research. This aspect creates a gap between the generations of those who teach and those who learn producing issues that bring consequences for education and that need to be thought critically. The teacher plays a role since their digital literacy implies directly in the use of technological tools to enrich the teaching practices. However what we have seen is more a high level of technological devices in educational institutions, but this material is most often unprepared teachers to use, thus impeding the means, the facilitator. Given the concern about the Pedagogy professionals were being prepared to give you with this reality, the objective of this research was that arises, to analyze the contribution of curriculum integration of the UFC Pedagogy course in the training of technological knowledge of their teachers. For this set itself the specific objectives to address and analyze the constant transformations of education in Brazil and its pedagogical practices, point and analyze the curriculum theories and their contribution to formation of Education, identify the changes that the democratization of technology has brought to the academic experience highlight the level of training of teachers and to learn technological teaching and check the curriculum integration of the UFC based on the analysis of teaching knowledge. Regarding the methodology, the present study is descriptive with qual-quantitative approach and as instruments we used the documentary and field research. Data collection was done through questionnaires given to teachers and graduates students of the UFC. Students consider the essential technology in the educational process, not only in the classroom but also in carrying out educational activities, and evaluate the disciplines do not address this importance, nor use this practice as improving school process. The subjects of the course payment do not address the importance of technological knowledge thus forming future teachers who come out with big deficit, having to seek other means to acquire this knowledge.

A presente pesquisa efetuou um estudo sobre o modo no qual os domínios de conhecimento danças populares e, em especial samba de roda, foram produzidos historicamente, no interior de categorias de estudos tais como o folclore e a dança, para assim pensarmos sobre o sistema de valoração que lhe é atribuído. Como base teórica metodológica utilizamos os estudos foucaultianos, considerando as relações entre poder, saber e sujeito. Dessa maneira, buscamos observar o processo de deslocamento histórico que possibilitou ao tema entendido como samba de roda ser problematizado como campo de pesquisa. Para tal, observamos a emergência e a produção do samba de roda como um saber institucional, entendendo-o como um conjunto de situações estratégicas em um dado momento histórico, e não uma verdade fixa e imutável no interior da história. O samba de roda fora estabelecido como recorte devido ao seu reconhecimento tanto institucional, com o advento de políticas públicas ao longo da história do Brasil, quanto na concepção de identidade que comumente vemos ser atribuída ao termo samba, muitas vezes entendido como elemento subjetivo singular da formação do povo brasileiro. As escritas sobre a prática do samba de roda como domínio de saber, de acordo com os métodos racionalizantes do nosso conhecimento, atuam na reinvenção, por meio de métodos empíricos, do status sociopolítico tanto de suas práticas quanto dos indivíduos a elas relacionados. Portanto, a relação com o corpo se impõe ao trabalho, sendo um vetor comum que atravessa a pesquisa como um todo, e no qual problematizamos a partir da noção corporeidade. Esta, por sua vez, remete-nos às relações de poder e saber que objetificam o modo como o corpo se desloca, movimenta-se ou atua, a partir de cada diferente prática e manifestação em dança. Essa discussão perscruta, ao considerar as corporeidades singulares produzidas no interior dos conhecimentos tanto em dança, quanto em danças populares e no samba de roda, as fronteiras possíveis nas quais o acontecimento dançado irrompe a construção de conhecimento, possibilitando a intensidade da experiência. / The present research effect a study on the way in which the domains of knowledge popular dances, and especially samba de roda were produced historically within categories of studies such as folklore and dance, so we think about the valuation system assigned to it. As a theoretical methodological basis we use the Foucaultian studies, considering the relations between power, knowledge and subject. In this way we seek to observe the process of historical displacement that enabled the theme understood as samba de roda to be problematized as a field of research. For this we observe the emergence and production of the samba de roda as an institutional knowledge, understanding this as a set of strategic situations in a given historical moment, not a fixed and immutable truth within history. The samba de roda was established as a cut due to its institutional recognition, with the advent of public policies throughout the history of Brazil, and in the conception of identity that we commonly see attributed to the term samba, often understood as a singular subjective element of the Brazilian people. The writings on the practice of samba de roda as a domain of knowledge, according to the rationalizing methods of our knowledge, act in the reinvention, through empirical methods, of the socio-political status of both its practices and the individuals related to this samba. Therefore, the relation with the body imposes itself on the work, being a common vector that crosses the research as a whole, and in which we problematize from the notion corporeity. This, in turn, refers us to the relations of power and knowledge that objectify the way the body moves, moves or acts, from each different practice and manifestation in dance. This discussion examines, in considering the singular corporeities produced within the knowledge in dance, in popular dances and in samba de roda, the possible frontiers in which the danced event breaks the construction of knowledge, allowing the intensity of the experience.

Desde a virada para a prática nos Estudos Organizacionais, as diferentes vertentes das teorias da prática têm dado importante contribuição no sentido de desconstruir o predomínio da visão funcionalista sobre o fenômeno organizacional. Apesar disso, o tema de como a reprodução das práticas contribui para a produção da ordem social tem sido negligenciado pelos estudos baseados na prática nesse campo. Tal postura tem impedido a consecução de pesquisas que busquem compreender como as práticas são socialmente sustentadas, que interesses as orientam, quem se beneficia de sua permanência ou de sua interrupção, e assim por diante. Desse modo, reforça-se, em certa medida, a dificuldade de entendimento dos processos de permanência e mudança organizacional para além da razão instrumental e capitula-se diante do imperativo funcionalista que continua a privilegiar, tanto na teoria quanto na prática administrativa, a lógica do proveito material governado pela eficiência produtiva como o motivo primordial da existência e da permanência das organizações. Com base em tal percepção, proponho como objetivo desta tese repensar a questão da intencionalidade dos agentes organizacionais a partir de uma perspectiva prática e histórica, cultural e incorporada. Para realizá-lo, parto de um estudo etnográfico feito durante o ano de 2011, em uma fábrica de doces na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Neste campo, foi possível vivenciar as dinâmicas de permanência e mudança da prática de uma doceria que é reconhecida localmente como “tradicional” pelo tempo de enraizamento na cultura. A observação participante aconteceu de modo direcionado para a compreensão dos processos de transmissão do saber-fazer doceiro, através da minha própria experiência de incorporação desse conhecimento prático, do contato instrutivo com a mestre doceira que comandava as atividades da fábrica e com as funcionárias e funcionários que lá trabalhavam na época da pesquisa. Assim, considero ter sido possível compreender de que maneira os referidos processos obedecem a uma lógica incorporada, alheia à lógica racional, e como os movimentos de mudança e permanência, endógenos ou exteriores a essas práticas, exercem impacto sobre a organização que se estrutura ao seu redor. / Since the practice turn in Organizational Studies, different strands of theories of practice have made important contributions in order to deconstruct the dominance of the functionalist view of the organizational phenomenon. Nevertheless, the issue of how the reproduction of practices contributes to the production of social order has been neglected by practice-based studies in this field. This attitude has prevented the acomplishment of researches that attempt to understand how the practices are socially sustained, what interests guide them, who benefits from their maintenance or from their interruption, and so forth. Thus, it reinforces in a certain extent, the difficulty on understanding the processes of organizational change and permanence beyond instrumental reason, and it gives in afterward the functionalist imperative that continues to privilege, both in management theory and practice, the logic of material gain governed by the productive efficiency as the primary reason of existence and continuity of organizations. Based on this perception, I propose as the objective of this thesis to rethink the intentionality of the organizational agents from a practical and historical, cultural and embodied perspective. Based on an ethnographic study made during 2011 in a candy factory in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, it was possible to experience the dynamics of permanence and change of the practice of a kind of confectionery which is recognized locally as "traditional" odd to the time of rooting in culture. The participant observation was directed to understanding the processes of transmission of the confectioner know-how, through my own experience of incorporating this knowledge, through instructional contact with the master confectioner who commanded the activities of the factory and through the contact with the employees who worked there at the time of the research. Thus, I found how these processes follow an embodied logic, oblivious to rational logic, and how the movements of change and permanence, endogenous or external to these practices, impact the organization that its structures around them.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-18T18:45:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Descomplicando a tectônica - Aristóteles Cantalice COMPRIMIDA.pdf: 9635620 bytes, checksum: efc8d5fed720101df407526f8ec72a53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T18:45:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Descomplicando a tectônica - Aristóteles Cantalice COMPRIMIDA.pdf: 9635620 bytes, checksum: efc8d5fed720101df407526f8ec72a53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / CNPQ / Existem diversas maneiras de se entender a arquitetura, e uma delas é através da chamada teoria da tectônica. A tectônica surgiu na Alemanha em meados do século XIX por meio dos escritos de Karl Otfried Müller, Karl Bötticher e Gottfried Semper e foi resgatada na década de 1990 por autores como Kenneth Frampton, Gevork Hartoonian, Edward Ford e Andrea Deplazes. A intenção da teoria da tectônica é de estreitar as relações entre a cultura de construção e o discurso arquitetônico, pois ela considera a mão de obra como um meio de resgate à técnica, ao artesanal e ao táctil, numa clara referência poética à tradição de construir como meio de expressão. Essa tese tem a finalidade de utilizar a teoria da tectônica para entender o processo de concepção dos arquitetos modernos brasileiros enfocando-se no período do pós-guerra até fins da década de 1980. O trabalho pretende, primeiramente, se aprofundar nas diversas facetas da teoria, entendendo seus conceitos básicos, para num segundo momento elaborar um método de análise tectônico, aqui denominado 'abordagem tectônica' que, com base na teoria, poderá ser utilizado num terceiro momento para analisar alguns estudos de caso. Com base nos conceitos empregados pelos teóricos da tectônica, essa 'abordagem tectônica' está subdividida num tripé que questões que contempla: a concepção, que lida com assuntos subjetivos relacionados à composição, seja abstrata ou de herança; a materialidade, que lida com os materiais, sua aplicação e seu diálogo para com a composição; e a técnica, que lida com a maneira com que as edificações são erigidas. Atrelados ao tripé estão os principais conceitos utilizados pelos teóricos da tectônica desde o século XIX até a contemporaneidade, e graças a ele será possível sistematizar a teoria para aplicá-la na contemporaneidade. A partir da 'abordagem tectônica' será feita uma análise da tectônica na produção internacional, para num segundo momento aprofundar-se na realidade nacional, e, por fim, analisar três estudos de caso (arquitetos) para uma amostragem mais profunda. Tais arquitetos foram selecionados por se formarem na FNA - Faculdade Nacional de Arquitetura no mesmo intervalo de tempo e trabalhar com temas bastante distintos que podem ampliar o processo de compreensão da tectônica do período, são eles: Acácio Gil Borsoi (1924-2009), que trabalhou o detalhe como amálgama do processo criativo; Severiano Porto (1930+), que lançou mão de técnicas ímpares de marcenaria conforme as necessidades da floresta; e João Filgueiras Lima, o Lelé (1932-2014), que explorou os pré-moldados como elemento de forte valor compositivo. Por fim, o estudo desses três arquitetos a partir da teoria procura demonstrar como a tectônica pode ser aplicada encontrando aspectos majoritários na obra de cada um. Esses aspectos podem ser vistos como domínios que podem auxiliar no entendimento mais macro de uma tectônica brasileira. Essa análise estimulará um novo entendimento sobre o processo de concepção arquitetônico enfocando a teoria da tectônica, que ainda é tão pouco estudada no cenário nacional. Sendo assim, essa tese poderá nos prover um novo olhar sobre a expressão arquitetônica ainda inédita no cenário atual. / There are many ways to understand architecture, and one of them is trough the tectonic theory. The tectonic theory arises in Germany in the middle of the nineteenth century through the writings of Karl Otfried Müller, Karl Bötticher and Gottfried Semper, and has been redeemed in the 1990s by Kenneth Frampton, Gevork Hartoonian, Edward Ford, Andrea Deplazes. The intention of tectonic is to approximate the relations between the culture of construction and architectural discourse, because the theory considers labor as a mean to rescue the technique, the craft and the tactile, in a reference to the poetic tradition of construction as a mean of expression. This thesis aims to apply the tectonic theory to understand the design process of modern Brazilian architects, focusing on the period between the late 1950s and the early 1980s. The work aims, first, to dive into the various facets of the theory, understanding its basic concepts, and second, to elaborate a method of tectonic analysis, here called 'tectonic approach', which may be used in a third moment to analyze several case studies. Based on the theoretical concepts, this 'tectonic approach' can be divided in an issues tripod relating to: conception, dealing with subjective matters related to composition, whether abstract or inheritance; materiality, which handles the materials, their application and to dialogue with the composition; and technical, which deals with the way the buildings are erected. The concepts used by the theorists are linked to the tripod, and thanks to it, it will be possible to systematize this theory to apply it nowadays. With the 'tectonic approach' we will made a tectonic analysis of the international production, and in a second moment we will apply it to the national reality, and finally, we will analyze three case studies (of architects) for a deeper analysis. These architects were selected because they graduate from FNA - National School of Architecture, in the same period, and worked with different themes that can enhance the understanding of the tectonic process, they are: Acácio Gil Borsoi (1924-2009), who worked with the architectural detail as an amalgam of the creative process; Severiano Porto (1930+), who made use of unique techniques of woodwork thought the needs of the Amazon region; and João Filgueiras Lima, the Lelé (1932-2014), which explored solutions of precast as strong compositional value elements. Finally, the study of these three architects in the scope of the theory seeks to demonstrate how the tectonic can be applied to the main aspects of the work of each. These aspects can be seen as dominions that can help the understanding of the brazilian tectonic in a macro way. This analysis will stimulate a new understanding of the architectural design process, focusing on the tectonic theory, which still so unexplored on the national scene. Thus, this thesis can provide us a brand new way to look at the architectural expression.

Orientador: Ernesta Zamboni / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T15:24:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SandraReginaFerreirade_D.pdf: 17678336 bytes, checksum: c6b2cf157b1b658ad4f523645825be75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

In order that epistemic formulas might be coupled with approximate databases, it is necessary to have a well-defined semantics for the knowledge operator and a method of reducing epistemic formulas to approximate formulas. In this thesis, two possible definitions of a semantics for the knowledge operator are proposed for use together with an approximate relational database: * One based upon logical entailment (being the dominating notion of knowledge in literature); sound and complete rules for reduction to approximate formulas are explored and found not to be applicable to all formulas. * One based upon algorithmic computability (in order to be practically feasible); the correspondence to the above operator on the one hand, and to the deductive capability of the agent on the other hand, is explored. Also, an inductively defined semantics for a"know whether"-operator, is proposed and tested. Finally, an algorithm implementing the above is proposed, carried out using Java, and tested.

Abstract Over the past few years it has been discussed and written about in Finnish society how the foundation of Finland's future welfare and economic growth is based on an organisation's renewal and innovation capabilities. Decreasing the barriers of trade with its "China syndrome", international competition for taxes, growth and stabilisation treaties of the European Union, high-age structure, and so forth, create a national sense of necessity to excel in the field of international innovation development. Researching these demands have led to developing a "governance of organisational innovation capabilitis" based on existing theories and management doctrines, and empiria. The design embodies fields of know-how which can improve the organisation's innovation capabilities. These fields of knowledge consist of companionship and collaboration, knowledge of network skills, mastery of innovation acquiring processes and knowledge of using innovation stimuli. By cultivating these skills, the organisation will have an even better chance of achieving positive development in productivity and, under the circumstances, benefiting intangible capital. With the support of this design, the organisation will evolve and control its innovation capabilities according to the philosophy of continuous improvement. The governance consists of measuring methods and indicators developed in research and connected to existing management and reporting systems of the organisations. The organisation can also compare its own innovation capabilities in relation to other organisations for directing and building motivation configurations. The developed model was tested and evaluated in the Finnish infra-industry operational environment in six different ways. The model passed the tests, and by guesstimates can be applied in all organisations such as public utilities and business corporations. Equally, the model is suitable for different states of distribution channels. The model is being introduced extensively and is available for organisations on the internet. Most of the theoretical contribution was probably achieved through the functionality of the management system. Theoretical contribution also arose, because developing the intangible capital in organisations has been considered problematic, especially due to the lack of indicators and measuring methods. The model consists mainly of those indicators and methods created for this purpose. Also significant, on behalf of the theoretical contribution, was that by obtaining services, these organisations could develop their own innovation capabilities at the same time by combining challenging innovation combinations. Extensive material related to the acquisition affairs helps in any case to understand the relations between methods and outcome. The result of the study was able to reflect several links with the existing theory. One point of reflection was that with the help of the model, organisations could reduce the uncertainties detected in the organisational- and economic theories, which are connected to the selecting of partners and acquisition affairs. / Tiivistelmä Suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa on viime vuosien aikana puhuttu ja kirjoitettu paljon siitä, että Suomen taloudellisen hyvinvoinnin ja talouskasvun perustana on tulevaisuudessa organisaatioiden uudistumis- ja innovaatiokyky. Kaupan esteiden vähentyminen "Kiina-ilmiöineen", kansainvälinen verokilpailu, EU:n kasvu- ja vakauttamissopimukset, korkea ikärakenne ja monet muut tekijät aiheuttavat kansallisen paineen olla kansainvälisen innovaatiokehityksen kärjessä. Kansainvälisessä kilpailussa korkean palkkatason kansantalous ja sen organisaatiot voivat menestyä markkinoilla vain innovoimalla - kehittämällä jatkuvasti entistä parempia tuotteita, menettelytapoja ja palvelua. Näistä tarpeista lähtien tutkimuksessa kehitettiin olemassa olevan teorian ja liikkeenjohdon oppien sekä empirian avulla "organisaation innovaatiokyvyn johtamismalli". Malli sisältää osaamisalueita, joihin panostamalla organisaatio voi parantaa innovaatiokykyään. Osaamisalueet ovat kumppanuus- ja sopimusyhteistyöosaaminen, verkostotaitojen osaaminen, innovatiivisen hankintaprosessin osaaminen ja innovaatiokannusteiden käytön osaaminen. Näitä kehittämällä organisaatiolla on entistä paremmat mahdollisuudet saavuttaa positiivista tuottavuuskehitystä ja hyötyä näin ollen aineettoman varallisuutensa kehittymisestä. Mallin avulla organisaatio pystyy kehittämään ja hallitsemaan innovaatiokykyään jatkuvan parantamisen filosofian mukaisesti. Johtamismalli sisältää mittausmenettelyt ja tutkimuksessa kehitetyt mittarit sekä näiden kytkennät organisaatioiden olemassa oleviin johtamisjärjestelmiin. Organisaatio voi myös verrata omaa innovaatiokykyään suhteessa muihin organisaatioihin ja hyödyntää tietoa oman organisaation johtamisessa ja motivaatioasetelmien rakentamisessa. Kehitettyä mallia testattiin ja arvioitiin suomalaisessa infra-alan toimintaympäristössä kuudella eri tavalla. Malli läpäisi suoritetut testit, ja arvioiden mukaan sitä voidaan hyödyntää kaikissa organisaatioissa niin julkisella alalla kuin yrityksissäkin. Yhtä lailla malli sopii käytettäväksi arvoketjun eri vaiheissa. Mallia ollaan ottamassa laajasti käyttöön ja kehitetty malli on organisaatioiden saatavilla Internetin kautta osoitteessa: http://www.innovaatiomittaus.fi. Teoreettista kontribuutiota saavutettiin ehkä eniten johtamismallin toimivuuden ansiosta. Teoreettista kontribuutiota syntyi myös siitä, että aineettoman varallisuuden kehittämistä organisaatioissa on pidetty ongelmallisena nimenomaan mittareiden ja mittausmenetelmien puuttumisen vuoksi. Malli sisältää monia tätä tarkoitusta palvelevia mittareita ja mittausmenetelmän. Merkittävää teoreettisen kontribuution osalta oli myös se, että organisaatiot hankkiessaan palveluita voivat samalla kehittää omaa innovaatiokykyään yhdistämällä hankintoihinsa haasteellisia innovaatioasetelmia. Laaja hankintatoimeen liittyvä aineisto auttaa muutenkin ymmärtämään keinon ja lopputuloksen suhteita. Tutkimuksen tuloksia pystyttiin reflektoimaan myös olemassa olevaan teoriaan usean kiinnekohdan kautta. Yhtenä reflektointikohtana oli se, että mallin avulla organisaatiot pystyvät vähentämään organisaatio- ja talousteorioissa havaittuja epävarmuuksia, jotka liittyvät kumppaneiden valintaan ja organisaation hankintatoimeen.

Knowledge management is one of frequently discussed disciplines. Knowledge in business area became the main competitive advantage in the last years and therefore it is necessary to manage knowledge effectively. This paper is focused on analysis of a system for managing knowledge used in a big software company and on suggestion of possible modifications of chosen parts of this system, which is the overall goal of this paper. Concrete goals are defined within the analytical part of this paper.

L'intérim est un mode d'utilisation de la force de travail qui offre aux entreprises des facilités d'embauche et de révocation de la main d'oeuvre. Cette thèse rend compte de la condition sociale des intérimaires « non-qualifiés ». La réflexion se situe dans le champ de l'ethnologie du travail et des techniques. L'enquête s'est déroulée sur plusieurs années à partir d'une immersion au sein de différentes entreprises du Sud-est de la France (Grasse, 06). Une attention particulière est portée aux techniques, aux savoir-faire et à leur transmission, ainsi qu'aux outils et aux connaissances plus ou moins lacunaires mis à disposition des intérimaires par les entreprises utilisatrices. Les parcours que ces salariés empruntent au sein des unités de production, de leur mise à l'écart jusqu'à leur inclusion dans les collectifs de travail, sont examinés. Toutes ces dimensions sont traversées et orientées par le caractère temporaire du régime d'embauche. Chaque fois qu'une mission s'achève et qu'une autre débute, les intérimaires doivent nouer d'autres relations, se forger d'autres habitudes et mettre en oeuvre de nouvelles techniques, toutes aussi temporaires et incertaines, perdant ainsi l'esquisse des automatismes à peine intégrés. Il apparaît également que la mobilisation productive et subjective des intérimaires dépend de la durée potentielle de leurs contrats. Cette vulnérabilité contractuelle a divers effets en fonction des aspirations de chaque salarié et des usages que chacun fait de l'intérim. Lorsque la maîtrise de l'emploi du temps comme celle de l'avenir font défaut, c'est l'insertion sociale tout entière qui s'en trouve affectée. / Temporary work is a way of using the workforce which allows companies to hire and repeal the labour with ease. This thesis reports the social condition of the "unskilled" temporary workers. The ethnological investigation took place over several years through a participative observation, as a temporary worker, within various companies. The reflection belongs to the field of the ethnology of work. The analysis is based on the examination of the working conditions, by paying a particular attention on techniques, by questioning the know-how and their transmission, as well as by observing tools and the more or less incomplete knowledge given to temporary workers by the user companies. This thesis also describes the paths they can follow in the production units; from their sidelining to their inclusion in the work collectives. All these dimensions are crossed and directed by the temporary nature of this type of hiring. Every time a mission ends and every time another one begins, temporary employees have to build other relationships, find other habits and operate new techniques, just as temporary and uncertain, thus losing recent barely integrated automatisms. The specific know-how and the practical adaptations which they develop in front of this situation of indecision are examined in this thesis. It also seems that the productive and subjective mobilization of the temporary workers depends on the potential duration of their missions. This contractual vulnerability has diverse effects depending on the aspirations of each employee and their use of temporary work. Without control over one's timetable and one's future it is the whole social integration process which is affected.

Le Brésil, comme tous les pays en voie de développement, est très sensible à l'investissement étranger, qui stimule son industrie et son commerce, intérieur et extérieur. En même temps, la sécurité juridique est donc une clé dans le processus d'affirmation du commerce international brésilien, notamment aux yeux de l'UE et la France, et garantit un développement continu et durable du pays. Dans ce contexte, déjà en 2001, plusieurs aspects politiques et juridiques ont été cités par la Banque Mondiale et le Gouvernement Français comme étant une barrière à l'investissement : la bureaucratie, le coût de la main d'œuvre, la fiscalité, le transfert de technologie, le respect aux contrats et les accords internationaux. La présente étude vise à contribuer au développement de la relation entre le Brésil et les investisseurs franco-européens, en apportant à ceux-ci une meilleure compréhension du système juridique brésilien, à travers l'analyse comparée du contrat de franchise, lequel exige une étude plus approfondie grâce à sa complexité, plus particulièrement en matière de droit des obligations, de la concurrence, et de la propriété intellectuelle. / As any other developing country, Brazil is very sensitive concerning foreign investments, which stimulates its industry and commerce, domestically or cross borders. At the same time, legal safety is one of the keys in this Brazilian international commerce consolidation, especially vis-à-vis Europe and France, in order to ensure a sustainable and continuous development of the country. In this context, in 2001 already, several political and legal aspects were mentioned by the World Bank and the French Government as true barriers to foreign investment : bureaucracy, work force cost, taxation, technology transfer, and the respect to contracts and international treaties. The present essay aims to contribute to the development of the relationship between Brazil and the franco-european investors, by providing a better comprehension of the Brazilian legal system, through a comparative analysis of the franchising agreement, which demands deeper studies in view of its complexity, concerning particularly contract law, competition and intellectual property.