During the 19th and early 20th century, a time where the woman’s primary role was the mother, Kristian Zahrtmann’s distinctive history paintings were on the contrary often fronted by strong female subjects. Not only did he paint historical women who had peculiar lives, but he allowed them to take on complex gender roles during a time where women’s lives were tightly restricted by domestication and beauty. Within the genre of hisory painting Zahrtmann managed to not only challange the gender norms of his own time but also those present within a pictorial tradition such as history painting. The three selected artworks for this study are Aspasia with the bust of her son Perikles, Susanna and the elders and Struensee and princess Caroline Mathilde with the dead body of Sofie Magdalena. The aim of this thesis is therefore to explore the ways in which the danish artist Kristian Zahrtmann depict different aspect of gender, particularly the complex female roles that take form in his historical paintings. I will investigate by which means Zahrtmann as an artist managed to challange contemporary gender norms in his historical portraits of women by using Laura Mulvey's essay “Visual Pleasue and Narrative Cinema” and a comparative and iconographic method. Mulvey’s research dwelves into different aspects of gender within cinema, mainly the ways in which women have been depicted within the practise and due to the objectifying male gaze have taken on the role of objects rather than subjects.

Målet med denne bacheloroppgåva var å studere to bøker av Tomas Espedal og Kristian Lundberg for å sjå kva deira språklege grep kunne seie oss om synet på språk og røyndom i bøkene. Eg studerte bøkene imot kunsten og imot naturen av Espedal og Yarden og Och allt skall vara kärlek av Lundberg med vekt på dei språklege verkemidla dei har brukt. Alle bøkene går innunder omgrepet sjølvframstillande litteratur og eg har jamstilt formen med dei andre språklege verkemidla for å sjå kva også sjangeren dei har skrive i har hatt å seie for å kunne utrykkje eit syn på forholdet mellom språk og verd i bøkene. Eg tok utgangspunkt i teorien rundt språkfilosofi og underleggjering i litteraturen og brukte dette som grunnlag for min komparative analyse. Det eg til slutt kom fram til er at både formen og dei andre språklege verkemidla utrykkjer eit syn på språket som utilstrekkeleg og røyndommen som noko subjektivt som heile tida er i forandring. Ein konstruerer si eiga verd gjennom ein individuell bruk av språket. Dei litterære grepa utrykkjer dette på ulikt sett, som til dømes komposisjonen som vitnar om ei uoversikteleg verd og eit minne ein ikkje kan stole på. Prosainnslaga viser til ei verd utan klare grenser og med eit behov for eit språk som kan vise til noko meir enn dei språklege bileta vi allereie kjenner. Sjølvframstillinga i seg sjølv viser til ei subjektiv røynd, med eit subjektiv språk der grensene mellom fakta og fiksjon er utflytande. Dermed kan ein forstå desse fire bøkene som eit forsøk på å seie noko meir enn det språket kan utrykkje og som eit lite klapp på skuldra som fortel deg at det finst ei sanning så lenge du godtek at den er subjektiv og konstruert i språket.

By using contemorary work-theory this thesis aim to show how Yarden. En berättelse, puts into play the circumstances of precarian work, circumstances that have gender political as well as identity political overtones. It tries to show how the idea of ”class-jouney” is used as a conciliatory element. An element that, acitvitated increasingly towards the end of the text, is significant for the selfs posisiton in relationship to his class identity and the workers collective around him as well as other spheres. It is also significant in relationship to the work which is the writing, and to the product of that work, which is both Yarden and the litterary persona produced by Yarden. This is something that I try to trace to a conflict between class belonging and other identitory political projects that Yarden expresses. The reality which is produced by the text is not only a staging of a litterary persona and the following class-journey. In my thesis I try to show that it is also possible to read it in it self as something that gives us valuable insights on how reality is produced under the circumstances of precarity. Insights that in turn can show us both how the supression of labour is organised in contemporary late-capitalism, and what expressions resistance in turn might take.

Under våren 2015 och hösten 2014 har en mängd trafikmätningar, fasadreduktionsmätningar och modellering gjorts av trafik och byggnader i Stockholms stad. Syftet med mätningarna har varit att undersöka trafikbullersituationen som har varit en del av många debatter senaste åren. Mätningarna och modelleringen har snabbt visat en bild av hur problem uppstår i bostäder på grund av lågfrekvent buller som skapas av långsamtgående trafik. Allteftersom arbetet fortskritt har det blivit tydligare att just lågfrekvent buller bör beaktas i större grad än vad det gör idag vid stadsplanering, projektering av, och besiktning av byggnader. Detta arbete presenterar och diskuterar problematik kring regelverk om trafikbuller i Stockholm där hastighetsbegränsning är maximalt 50 km/h. Problematiken är kopplad till det lågfrekventa buller som många utsätts för i sina hem och avsaknaden av riktlinjer som behandlar det. Genom att presentera och diskutera dagens byggnormer, riktvärden, krav och skrivelser som behandlar trafikbuller samt ställa dessa mot mätdata och modellering av typfasader som uppförts senaste århundradet ges en tydlig bild av problematiken som uppstår med lågfrekvent trafikbuller. / A great number of traffic noise measurements, façade transmission loss measurements and modelling of buildings in Stockholm have been undergone in the spring of 2015 and late autumn of 2014. The main purpose of these has been to investigate the traffic noise situation which has been the subject of many [also ongoing] debates. The measurements together with the modelling have shown existing problems with low frequency noise present in dwellings due to slow moving traffic. As the investigation has proceeded it’s become evident that in particular low frequency noise should be emphasized and considered in the planning of cities and execution and surveying of buildings. This work presents and discusses issues related to governmental guidelines and rules regarding traffic noise in Stockholm where the speed limit does not exceed 50 km/h. The issue is connected to the low frequency noise that people experience in their dwelling and the lack of guidelines controlling it. By presenting and discussing current building standards, guidelines, governmental rules and literature regarding traffic noise control and by demonstrating the findings from the acquired data, the reader will understand the problems related to low frequency traffic noise.

This dissertation investigates the mediation of art on Swedish television during the 1950s and 1960s. The aim is to examine how the new medium of television was put to use in the dissemination and promotion of contemporary and modernist art during this time. The primary research question concerns the significance and consequences of television as a media form for the practices of art popularization and art education. The introduction of the new medium coincided with the post-war emergence of the welfare state and ambitions of governmental and non-governmental organizations and initiatives to make modern art an integral part of modern society. This dissertation investigates the role and significance of television in these endeavours from the point of view of Sveriges Radio/TV, by focusing on the actors involved as well as the form and content of arts programming at the time. The study makes use of mediatization theory and the concept of remediation, in order to capture and analyse the dynamics as well as the conflicts between television and art at the time. The study uses the method of media-specific genre analysis, inspired by cultural theory, asserting that arts programming is a cultural category made up of practices and processes and interwoven with ideological structures and power relationships. The dissertation is divided into three chapters investigating different aspects of the phenomenon of art on TV during the specific historical period.  The dissertation shows how the 1950s and 1960s witnessed great hopes for television as a way of disseminating art and educating the public on matters of art, aspirations closely connected to notions of art distribution as a way to achieve cultural democratization. First and foremost, however, the close study of the practices of arts programming shows how the relationship between television and art at the time was also characterized by problems and conflict. Using the terminology of mediatization theory, it is possible to speak of conflicts between distinct logics. These conflicts can further be understood on several levels, adhering to the twin logics of remediation: transparent immediacy and hypermediacy. The actors involved all shared a view of television as the great medium of the future when it came to disseminating and promoting art to the wider public. However, they also shared notions of television’s limitations when it came to the matter of ”doing justice” to a work of art when broadcast. This was first and foremost considered to be purely a matter of technical limitations, such as the lack of colour and the small screen size. It is however also evident that the actors’ view of their task and that of the medium with regard to arts programming, to represent works of art to the viewers as honestly as possible, delimited the form and content of shows and programming. On another level, the conflict between art and television was a matter of art’s supposedly critical and societal value. According to the actors, art was considered something other than regular programming, in the sense that art constituted different ways of seeing and perceiving the world. The function and importance of arts programming, then, was considered to be in the ways it differed from regular programming, making possible to educate the TV-viewing public in critical thinking towards the manipulation of media as well as providing ways of developing the form and aesthetics of the television medium.

Background It can be observed that our society is heading more and more towards automation. Autonomous machines show large potential and are being used progressively often in a range of different areas and tasks. They are increasing the productivity and transforming jobs and industries. However, the implemented systems of autonomous machines are usually specified for certain conditions, in structured and static environments. Making the implementation very contextual to the environment it is in. Dynamic environments, is something that is continuously changing or being changed, meaning a lot of challenges for the implementation and operation of something autonomous. Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate how to help the conditions for implementation of autonomous machines in dynamic environments. The sites and machines in the construction industry fulfill the described context well and is therefore chosen as the main field of study for this thesis. Method A main case study exploration has been used to disclose the result. Including different methods of data gathering such as literature research, interviews, observations, field visits, and workshops. Data has also been collected in form of learnings from prototypes and experiments conducted throughout the study. Results The results evaluate how the aiding of the implementation and operation of autonomous machines could be done in dynamic environments such as the construction sites. It considers working at remote areas without human assistance, the external information needed for the autonomous machines, the different technologies that could be used, and how to take a first step towards an autonomous future. A concept solution is presented, which could be implemented today and used to help the implementation and operation of autonomous machines. Conclusion The findings in this study indicates that the machines need to understand elements in dynamic environments to be able to conduct meaningful tasks. For this there is a need for external information through different technologies, making element visible in a continuously changing structure. Material management is one of the essential elements that needs to be made visible for the machines. The results can be introduced today through the concept and be developed along with the rest of the technology to make the adaptation and implementation easier. / Bakgrund Det kan observeras att vårt samhälle går alltmer mot automatisering. Autonoma maskiner visar stor potential och används successivt mer för en rad olika områden och uppgifter. De ökar produktiviteten och omvandlar jobb och industrier. De implementerade systemen för autonoma maskiner är oftast specialiserade för vissa förhållanden, i strukturerade och statiska miljöer, vilket leder till att implementeringen är mycket kontextuellt för miljön. Dynamiska miljöer är något som ständigt ändras, vilket innebär en hel del utmaningar för implementeringen och driften av något autonomt och självständigt. Mål Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur man hjälper förutsättningarna för implementeringen av autonoma maskiner i dynamiska miljöer. Byggarbetsplatser och maskiner inom konstruktionsbranschen uppfyller det beskrivna kontexten väl och väljs därför som huvudområde för denna avhandling. Metod En explorativt fallstudie har använts för att komma fram till resultatet, tillsammans med olika metoder för datainsamling såsom litteraturundersökning, intervjuer, observationer, fältbesök och workshops. Insamling av data har även skett i form av lärdomar från prototyper och experiment som genomförts under studien. Resultat Resultaten utvärderar hur implementationen och driften av autonoma maskiner kan hjälpas  i dynamiska miljöer såsom konstruktion lägen. Vidare utreds de autonoma maskinernas arbete i avlägsna områden utan mänskligt bistånd och den externa informationen som behövs för maskinerna i det sammanhanget. De olika teknologierna som kan användas är utvärderade tillsammans med hur ett första steg kan tas mot en självständig framtid. En konceptlösning presenteras, som skulle kunna implementeras idag och användas för att hjälpa till med implementering och driften av autonoma maskiner. Slutsats Resultaten i denna studie visar att maskinerna måste förstå element i dynamiska miljöer för att kunna genomföra meningsfulla uppgifter. Därför finns det behov av extern information genom olika teknologier, vilka synliggör elementet i en ständigt varierande struktur. Materialhantering är en av de väsentliga delarna som måste synliggöras för maskinerna. Resultaten kan introduceras idag genom konceptet och utvecklas tillsammans med resten av tekniken för att göra anpassningen till tekniken och implementationen enklare.

I essäns form utforskas här grunderna till och eventuella effekter av formuleringar i läroplanen för gymnasieskolan där entreprenöriella förmågor framhålls. Dessa ska främjas hos eleverna vilket ska leda till att de i framtiden kan starta och driva företag. Syftet är att undersöka varför läroplanen innehåller dessa formuleringar, om det är möjligt eller önskvärt att lärare omsätter dem i undervisning, vad det kan innebära för eleverna, utbildningen, arbetslivet och för samhället i stort. Essän tar sin utgångspunkt i ett boksamtal om romanen Yarden som författaren till denna essä och en grupp elever hade hösten 2017. Ur denna berättelse och ur upplevelsen av kontrasten mellan det som kan vara undervisningens mål och mening och de skrivningar om entreprenörskap läroplanen innehåller växer utforskandet fram. Det utmynnar i en kritik av den nyliberala politik som skapat den marknadsanpassade skolan. Essän ifrågasätter också tron på att vi kan utbilda för en tänkt framtid. Slutligen pekar den mot det nödvändiga i reformer som kan undandra skolan från marknaden. / An essay that investigates the basis and possible effects of certain formulations in the upper-secondary curriculum that emphasise entrepreneurial skills. Such skills are to be promoted in pupils, with the aim of their being able to start and operate businesses in the future. The purpose is to examine why the curriculum contains these formulations, whether it is possible or desirable for teachers to implement them in their instruction and what this might mean for the pupils, their education, the professional world and society as a whole. The essay is based on a discussion of the novel Yarden (“The Shipyard”) by Kristian Lundberg, which the author of this essay and a group of pupils read in autumn 2017. The exploratory aspect of the essay develops out of this story and the experience of the contrast between what is perhaps the goal and purpose of the instruction, and the writings about entrepreneurship contained in the curriculum. The result is a criticism of the neoliberal policy that created market-adapted schooling. The essay also questions the belief that we can educate people for a hypothetical future. Finally, it points to the necessity of reforms that can extract schools from the market.

The thesis concerns public debate on the public activities of The Swedish History Museum (Historiska museet) in Stockholm between the years 1992 and 2011. Moreover, the thesis contribute with knowledge on how basic didactic questions regarding a single national museum has been answered in the public debate over time. Standpoints on what should be exhibited, how this should be done, to/with whom the mediation of history should be addressed/communicated and, what mission in society The Swedish History Museum’s is considered to be, is summed up in the concept of “exhibition ideal”. The research concerns four public debates; the debate about the exhibition The Swedish History (Den Svenska Historien), the debate about Kristian Berg, the debate about the free entry reform and, a less extensive debate about the exhibition History of Sweden (Sveriges Historia). A further aim of the dissertation is to put the publicly expressed positions on The Swedish History Museum in a wider historical-cultural context. Also, the study is related to other museums and other history communicating arenas. The debates coincides in time with challenges for the museum sector to deal with new perspectives in museology and cultural heritage research. The emergence of a multi-cultural society and the questioning of grand narratives are mentioned as examples. The emergence and strengthening of a broader history didactic discipline in Sweden, where a basic starting point is that the story is communicated in several different arenas with their own competencies, are also brought into the analysis. Historians and archaeologists tend to become silent in the recent debates about The Swedish History Museum’s public activities as the debates are less focused on content. The debates tends to be more “museum internal”, even in cases where there is opportunity to debate specific historical and archaeological content in the exhibitions. It appears, nevertheless, that the overall conflict around the public museum activities has reached the public spotlight through newspapers, radio and TV. Alongside with visits to the museum public debate are assumed to contribute to citizens’ own view of what museums should exhibit, how this should be done, to/with whom the mediation of history should be addressed/communicated and what the museum’s mission in society is.