Orientador: José Ricardo de Arruda Miranda / Banca: Luciana Aparecida Cora / Banca: José Morceli / Inclui 1 CD-Rom / Resumo: Avaliar formas farmacêuticas sólidas in vivo fornece um entendimento mais profundo quando um efeito sistêmico ou local é desejado. Geralmente, estes estudos são realizados por meio da cintilografia e técnicas biomagnéticas. A Ressonância Magnética (RM) vem sendo aplicada em tecnologia farmacêutica sendo que estes estudos são realizados com comprimidos marcados por partículas de óxido de ferro ou por gadolíneo em pó. Este estudo propõe a utilização da RM para monitorar o processo de desintegração in vitro e in vivo de comprimidos contendo açaí (Euterpe oleracea) como agente de contraste natural. O açaí é uma fruta presente em abundância na região norte do Brasil com a propriedade de atuar como agente de contraste oral em imagens obtidas por RM. Comprimidos obtidos com diferentes desintegrantes (croscarmelose sódica, crospovidona e mistura efervescente) foram marcados com açaí e revestidos com uma solução de polímero pH-independente. As formas farmacêuticas foram avaliadas in vitro e in vivo em um equipamento de RM de 0,5 T. Os resultados mostraram que o açaí é um forte agente de contraste e pode ser empregado em estudos farmacêuticos. Foi possível definir a imagem do comprimido e quantificar o processo de desintegração. Não foram encontradas diferenças (p>0,7) no tempo de desintegração avaliado in vitro nas medidas empregando-se comprimidos de crospovidona (14±1 min) e croscarmelose (15±1 min). No entanto, comparando-se com os comprimidos efervescentes (6±1 min), o tempo de desintegração foi significantemente diferente (p<0,01). Foi possível obter as imagens ponderadas em T1 dos comprimidos no estômago humano com qualidade razoável. O tempo de desintegração dos comprimidos in vivo foi 14±1 min. Este estudo mostrou que a RM é uma técnica capaz de monitorar o processo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The performance of pharmaceutical dosage forms must be fully investigated in vivo to provide more reliable information when a local or systemic effect is desirable. Generally, in vivo investigation on the behavior of dosage forms has been made by using gammascintigraphy and biomagnetic techniques. Magnetic resonance (MR) methods have become established tools in the drug discovery and development process. Most of MR studies have been made with tablets labeled with iron oxide particles or dry gadolinium chelates (Gd- DOTA) powder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disintegration process of tablets labeled with açai (Euterpe oleraceae) in vitro and in human stomach. Açai is a typical fruit from Amazonia, and has been recognized for its functional properties for use as oral contrast agent for MR. Tablets obtained from different disintegrants (croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone and an effervescent blend) were labeled with açai and were coated by using pHindependent polymer solution. The dosage forms have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo in a 0.5 T magnetic resonance system. The results showed that açai may be employed as a useful contrast agent which for pharmaceutical purposes. It was able to define the image of the tablets and to quantify the disintegration process. The disintegration time evaluated in vitro for tablets obtained from crospovidone (14±1 min) and croscarmellose (15±1 min) it was not significantly different (p>0.7). However, in comparison with tablets obtained with effervescent blend (6±1 min), the disintegration time was significantly different (p<0.01). It was possible to obtain images of the tablets in human stomach in T1 weighting with reasonable quality. The disintegration time of tablets made from croscarmellose sodium obtained from in vivo measurements was 14±1 min. This study showed that MR technique... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Os Contramapas de acolhimento têm como objetivo reconhecer e registrar em comunicação cartográfica as formas de acolhimento encontradas em diferentes espaços da cidade com as suas respectivas conexões e permeabilidades. A metodologia utilizada a criação dos Contramapas é um processo cartográfico subjetivo amparado no pensamento do filósofo Jacques Derrida sobre a prática da hospitalidade para perceber e representar a verdadeira potência de acolhimento dos espaços das cidades e suas arquiteturas. Sem a intenção de estabelecer comprometimento com a exatidão dos mapas e processos cartográficos convencionais, as formas de acolhimento representadas nos Contramapas possibilitaram representar as maneiras de convívio entre diferentes grupos na cidade, apontando a real dimensão das urgentes necessidades de revisão das políticas de hospitalidade entre diferentes. As análises dos Contramapas atrelada à revisão das políticas de hospitalidade iluminam potencialidades até então não percebidas ou não descritas nas arquiteturas e espaços da cidade, que atuam como agentes de hospitalidade, amizade e acolhimento do por vir. / The Hospitality Counter-maps aim to recognize and register, by cartographic communication, welcome forms in different city spaces with their respective connections and permeabilities. The used methodology is a subjective cartographic process supported by the philosopher Jacques Derrida´s thoughts about the practice of hospitality to perceive and represent the true hospitality power of the cities spaces and their architecture. Disregarding the intention of being committed to the conventional mapping and cartographic processes, the hospitality forms represented on the Counter-maps allowed to show the ways of interaction among different individuals and different groups in the city, pointing out the real dimension of the urgent revision needs of the current hospitality policies. The Counter-maps analysis and the resulting review of the hospitality policies enlightened the potentialities hitherto not perceived or described in the architectures and spaces of the city, functioning as agents that empower hospitality, friendship and the still to come.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse conditions under which a chosen company enters a foreign market, to undertake research of forms of co-operation of the company in foreign countries and to propose possibilities for development and co-operation with business partners. For this thesis I have chosen the company FMP Lignum, a firm specialising in production and sale of block boards and furniture, the registered seat of which is in Humpolec. For the time being their prevailing business activities are on the Czech market, but co-operation with foreign companies is gradually thriving.

Music education has a difficult position in comparison with other subjects also taught during the basic education. Whereas the training aspects are preferred to the educational aspects, it is quite hard to assess the abilities and skills gained by learning this subject. The purpose of this work is to find out which forms and methods of assessment are used most extensively by teachers at the second stage of elementary education and what is the influence of these forms and methods on the pupils. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on forms and methods, which can be used at music education at the second stage of basic education. The questionable position of the music education compared to the other subjects is also discussed. The practical part of the thesis is conceived like a research, focused on identification of the forms and methods used by teachers of music education at the second stage of basic education and assessment of the influence they have on the pupils.

Este estudo se propõe a analisar como ocorre o processo de organização do Global Shapers Porto Alegre, a partir da perspectiva do pensador Georg Simmel, considerando que o processo é estruturante e as formas de sociação são ao mesmo tempo parte do processo e suas cristalizações. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa etnográfica. Os dados produzidos em campo foram analisados a partir das formas de sociação de Simmel, tomadas como abstrações para interpretá-los: A Sociabilidade, o Conflito, a Subordinação e Superordenação e o Estrangeiro. A forma de se organizar deste grupo salienta a busca dos indivíduos por expressarem-se. Ao mesmo tempo em que revela traços marcantes da tragédia da cultura moderna, descrita por Simmel, se aproxima ao método do Campo Aberto proposto por Robert Cooper. / This study aims to analyze how the Global Shapers Porto Alegre organizing process happens, from the perspective of Georg Simmel, considering that the process is structuring and that the forms of sociation are both part of the process and its crystallization. For this, an ethnographic research was carried out. The field data was analyzed using Simmel‟s forms of sociation, taken as abstractions to interpret them: Sociability, Conflict, Subordination and Superordination and The Stranger. The way this group organizes itself emphasizes the pursuit of individuals for expressing themselves. At the same time as it reveals strong features of the tragedy of modern culture, described by Simmel, it also approaches the Open Field method proposed by Robert Cooper.

Muitas informações disponíveis na Web estão armazenadas em bancos de dados on-line e são acessíveis somente após um usuário enviar uma consulta por meio de uma interface de busca. Essas informações estão localizadas em uma parte da Web conhecida como Web Oculta ou Web Profunda e, geralmente, são inacessíveis por máquinas de busca tradicionais. Uma vez que a forma de acessar os dados na Web Oculta se dá por intermédio de submissões de consultas, muitos trabalhos têm focado em como preencher automaticamente campos de formulários. Esta tese apresenta uma metodologia para o preenchimento de formulários na Web Oculta. Além disso, descreve uma categorização das técnicas de preenchimento de formulários existentes no estado da arte de coleta na Web Oculta, produzindo uma análise comparativa entre elas. A solução proposta descreve um método automático para seleção de valores para campos de formulários combinando heurísticas e técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina. Experimentos foram realizados em formulários reais da Web, de vários domínios, e os resultados indicam que a abordagem proposta apresenta desempenho comparável aos obtidos pelas técnicas do estado da arte, sendo inclusive significativamente diferente com base em avaliação estatística. / A large portion of the information on the Web is stored inside online databases. Such information is accessible only after the users submit a query through a search interface. TheWeb portion in which that information is located is called HiddenWeb or DeepWeb, and generally this part is inaccessible by traditional search engines crawlers. Since the only way to access the Hidden Web pages is through the query submissions, many works have focused on how to fill in form fields automatically, aiming at enhancing the amount of distinct information hidden behind Web forms. This thesis presents an automatic solution to value selection for fields in Web forms. The solution combines heuristics and machine learning techniques for improving the selection of values. Furthermore, this proposal also describes a categorization of form filling techniques and a comparative analysis between works in the state of the art. Experiments were conducted on real Web sites and the results indicated that our approach significantly outperforms a baseline method in terms of coverage without additional computational cost.

A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma infecção sistêmica causada pelo fungo Paracoccidioides sp. A doença é endêmica na maior parte dos países da América Latina, sendo os pulmões os órgãos mais afetados. O diagnóstico de PCM é feito com base na história clínica e epidemiológica, e confirmado pela visualização microscópica das estruturas fúngicas do Paracoccidioides a partir de secreções ou tecidos. Por vezes, a apresentação clínica e os achados histopatológicos da PCM simulam os de outras doenças, como a sarcoidose, e ocasionalmente são encontradas nas lesões formas excepcionalmente pequenas do Paracoccidioides, que podem ser confundidas com outros fungos, como o Histoplasma capsulatum. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar e caracterizar os casos que simularam sarcoidose e os que apresentaram formas pequenas de Paracoccidioides dentre os 856 casos de paracoccidioidomicose diagnosticados no Laboratório de Micologia do Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, no período de 1981 a dezembro de 2013. Foram identificados 8 casos mimetizando a sarcoidose e 12 apresentando formas pequenas de Paracoccidoides. Dos casos que simularam a sarcoidose, todos eram fumantes do sexo masculino, com idades variando entre 27 e 59 anos (média = 42,5 anos) e apresentaram tosse produtiva, infiltrado fibronodular bilateral aos exames de imagem e granulomas sarcoides na biópsia pulmonar, recebendo prednisona como tratamento inicial. O diagnóstico de PCM, nestes casos, foi realizado por meio de cortes histológicos corados ao GMS (n=8), exame direto do escarro (n=2) e imunodifusão (n=4). Dentre os casos que apresentaram formas pequenas do Paracoccidioides, todos eram fumantes, tinham idades variando entre 33 e 68 anos (média = 55,58 anos), 10 eram do sexo masculino, e 10 apresentavam sintomas consistentes com os da PCM (dois pacientes eram assintomáticos). O diagnóstico etiológico, em todos os casos, foi realizado por meio de cortes histológicos seriados corados ao GMS (que revelaram as formas multibrotantes patognomônicas do Paracoccidioides) e corroborado por exame direto do escarro (n=3), imunodifusão (n=6) e cultura (n=1). Com isto, ressalta-se a importância da consideração dos diagnósticos diferenciais da paracoccidioidomicose. Visto que a sarcoidose é um diagnóstico de exclusão, o achado de granulomas epitelioides sem necrose deve incitar a busca ativa por agentes etiológicos com a utilização das colorações de ZN e GMS. E nos casos em que se encontram formas pequenas ou pouco usuais do Paracoccidioides, devem-se realizar cortes histológicos seriados e escalonados corados ao GMS e utilizar técnicas laboratoriais complementares, como imunodifusão e cultura, para assegurar o seu diagnóstico. / Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic infection caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides sp. The disease is endemic in most Latin American countries, and the lungs are the most affected organs. The diagnosis of PCM is based on clinical and epidemiological features, and confirmed by the microscopic visualization of yeasts of Paracoccidioides from clinical specimens. Sometimes the clinical presentation and histopathological findings of PCM mimic those of other diseases, such as sarcoidosis, and occasionally exceedingly small forms of Paracoccidioides are found in lesions, which can be confused with other fungi, such as Histoplasma capsulatum. This study aimed to identify and characterize the cases that simulated sarcoidosis and those with small forms of Paracoccidioides among the 856 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis diagnosed in the Mycology Laboratory of the Hospital Complex Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, from 1981 to December 2013. 8 cases were identified mimicking sarcoidosis and 12 with small forms of Paracoccidoides. All the cases that mimicked sarcoidosis were male smokers, aged between 27 and 59 years (mean = 42.5 years) and had productive cough, bilateral fibronodular infiltrates on X-ray and sarcoid granulomas in the lung biopsy, receiving prednisone as initial treatment. The diagnosis of PCM in these cases was carried out by histological sections stained with GMS (n = 8), direct examination of sputum (n = 2) and immunodiffusion (n = 4). Among the cases with small forms of Paracoccidioides, all were smokers, aged between 33 and 68 years (mean = 55.58 years), 10 were male, and 10 had symptoms consistent with PCM (two patients were asymptomatic). The etiologic diagnosis in all the 12 cases was made by serial tissue sections stained with GMS (which revealed the multibudding pathognomonic forms of Paracoccidioides) and confirmed by direct examination of sputum (n = 3), immunodiffusion (n = 6) and culture (n = 1). In conclusion, it is emphasized the importance of considering the differential diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. Since sarcoidosis is a diagnosis of exclusion, the finding of epithelioid granulomas without necrosis should encourage the active search for etiologic agents with the use of ZN and GMS stains. And in cases in which small or unusual forms of Paracoccidioides are found, serial histological sections stained with GMS and complementary laboratory techniques such as immunodiffusion and culture should be performed to ensure their diagnosis.

The theorem of De Rham-Saito is a generalization of a lemma due to De Rham [3], which was announced and used in [7] by Kyoji Saito, as noproof of this theorem was available, Le Dung Trang encouraged to Saito to publish the proof that can be seen in [8], which indirectly encourages us to detail the proof in this article for the many applications it has,we highlight the Godbillon-Vey algorithm [4]; in the proof of Theorem classical Frobenius given in [2]; in [6] we see some interesting applications, in the proof of Frobenius theorem with singularities [5]. In [1] we givefull details of the proof given by Moussu and Rolin. / El teorema de De Rham-Saito es una generalización de un lema debido a De Rham [3], el cual fue enunciado y usado en [11] por Kyoji Saito, al no haber prueba de este teorema Le Dung Trang anima a Saito a publicar la prueba que puede ser vista en [12], lo cual indirectamente nos motiva a detallarla prueba en este articulo por las muchas aplicaciones que tiene, destacamos el algoritmo de Godbillon-Vey [5]; en la prueba del Teorema de Frobenius clásico dada en [2]; en [8] vemos unas aplicaciones interesantes; en la prueba del Teorema de Frobenius con singularidades [7]; en [1] se detalla la prueba realizada por Moussu y Rolin [10].

Context Web engineering is a new research field which utilizes engineering principles to produce quality web applications. Web applications have become more complex with the passage of time and it's quite difficult to analyze the web metrics for the estimation due to a wide range of web applications. Correct estimates for web development effort play a very important role in the success of large-scale web development projects. Objectives In this study I investigated size metrics and cost drivers used by web companies for early web cost estimation. I also aim to get validation through industrial interviews and web quote form. This form is designed based on most frequently occurring metrics after analyzing different companies. Secondly, this research aims to revisit previous work done by Mendes (a senior researcher and contributor in this research area) to validate whether early web cost estimation trends are same or changed? The ultimate goal is to help companies in web cost estimation. Methods First research question is answered by conducting an online survey through 212 web companies and finding their web predictor forms (quote forms). All companies included in the survey used Web forms to give quotes on Web development projects based on gathered size and cost measures. The second research question is answered by finding most occurring size metrics from the results of Survey 1. List of size metrics are validated by two methods: (i) Industrial interviews are conducted with 15 web companies to validate results of the first survey (ii) a quote form is designed using validated results from industrial interviews and quote form sent to web companies around the world to seek data on real Web projects. Data gathered from Web projects are analyzed using CBR tool and results are validated with Industrial interview results along with Survey 1.  Final results are compared with old research to justify answer of third research question whether size metrics have been changed. All research findings are contributed to Tukutuku research benchmark project. Results “Number of pages/features” and “responsive implementation” are top web size metrics for early Web cost estimation. Conclusions. This research investigated metrics which can be used for early Web cost estimation at the early stage of Web application development. This is the stage where the application is not built yet but just requirements are being collected and an expected cost estimation is being evaluated. List of new metrics variable is concluded which can be added in Tukutuku project.

Cette thèse porte sur le comportement asymptotique des systèmes dynamiques et contient cinq chapitres indépendants.Nous considérons dans la première partie de la thèse trois systèmes dynamiques concrets. Les deux premiers chapitres présentent deux modèles de systèmes physiques : dans le premier, nous étudions la structure géométrique des langues d'Arnold de l'équation modélisant le contact de Josephson; dans le deuxième, nous nous intéressons au problème de Lagrange de recherche de la vitesse angulaire asymptotique d'un bras articulé sur une surface. Dans le troisième chapitre nous étudions la géométrie plane du billard elliptique avec des méthodes de la géométrie complexe.Les quatrième et cinquième chapitres sont dédiés aux méthodes générales d'étude asymptotique des systèmes dynamiques. Dans le quatrième chapitre nous prouvons la convergence des moyennes sphériques pour des actions du groupe libre sur un espace mesuré. Dans le cinquième chapitre nous fournissons une forme normale pour un produit croisé qui peut s'avérer utile dans l'étude des attracteurs étranges de systèmes dynamiques. / This thesis deals with the questions of asymptotic behavior of dynamical systems and consists of six independent chapters. In the first part of this thesis we consider three particular dynamical systems. The first two chapters deal with the models of two physical systems: in the first chapter, we study the geometric structure and limit behavior of Arnold tongues of the equation modeling a Josephson contact; in the second chapter, we are interested in the Lagrange problem of establishing the asymptotic angular velocity of the swiveling arm on the surface. The third chapter deals with planar geometry of an elliptic billiard.The forth and fifth chapters are devoted to general methods of studying the asymptotic behavior of dynamical systems. In the forth chapter we prove the convergence of markovian spherical averages for free group actions on a probablility space. In the fifth chapter we provide a normal form for skew-product diffeomorphisms that can be useful in the study of strange attractors of dynamical systems.