Uppsatsen undersöker björnklor upptäckta i järnåldersgravar (ca 500 e.Kr. – 1100 e.Kr.) på Gotland, Sverige. Brunbjörnen har aldrig funnits som en del av i öns fauna, vilket innebär att varje björnklo som upptäcks är ett spår av ett forntida utbyte mellan ön i fråga och omgivande fastlandsområden. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet har mest bestått av sammanställningar av gravkontexter med björnklor. För att ytterligare tolka björnklorna och för att diskutera det möjliga syftet bakom deponeringar i gravar behöver emellertid klor knytas till tillhörande tassar. En vanlig förklaring är att björnklor härstammar från pälsverk. Teorin om päls fungerar dock inte för alla upptäckta klor. Därför syftar uppsatsen till att skapa en metrisk metod genom mätningar av referensmaterial av björnklor. Tanken är att mätmetoden ska användasför att undersöka och tolka arkeologiska fynd av björnklor. Tolkningen av klorna är en viktig del i förståelsen om hur djurresurser nyttjades under förhistorisk tid. / This paper examines bear claws discovered in Iron Age graves (c. 500 AD – 1100 AD) in Gotland, Sweden. The brown bear has never existed as a part in the island's fauna, meaning that every bear claw discovered is a trace of the ancient exchange between this island and the surrounding mainlands. Previous research on the subject has mostly consisted of compilations of the number of grave contexts with bear claws. However, to further interpret bear claws from each burial context and to discuss the possible purpose behind deposition in the grave, claws need to be assessed for associated paws. A common explanation is that bear claws derives from fur. However, the theory of fur does not work for all discovered claws. Therefore, the paper aims to create a metric method through measurements of reference material of bear claws. The idea is that the measurement method could be used to examineand interpret the archaeological bear claws. The interpretation of the claws is an important part of the understanding of how animal resources were used in prehistoric times.

Denna kandidatuppsats analyserar dikterna “En begrundande avskedsröst:”, “En överbliven röst minns:”, “Upprörd ekoröst:”, “Sårad socialarbetare fortsätter:”, “En jagröst som tror sig vara ensam överlevande:” samt en av dikterna med titeln “Mothägring” ur Elsa Graves undergångsskildring Slutförbannelser med avseende på framställningen av ekologins, ideologins och religionens roller i undergången. Centralt för analysen är framställningen av ekologins, ideologins och religionens förhållande till naturen samt hur deras respektive hållning i samspel med varandra gestaltas som drivande i undergångsprocesserna. Ekologins förhållande till naturen analyseras genom Timothy Mortons teoribildning om mörk ekologi. Ideologins och religionens förhållande till naturen undersöks genom Max Horkheimers och Theodor W Adornos bok Upplysningens dialektik. Analysens huvudsakliga resultat består i att ideologin och religionen framställs som mänskliga konstruktioner fjärmade från naturen vilket gör dem drivande i de förintande undergångsprocesserna. Ideologins förhållande till naturen framställs som drivande då den förintar både världen och sig själv, medan religionens förhållningssätt till naturen snarare framställs som en orsak i förhållande till ideologin. Undergångens orsaker identifieras gällande ideologin såväl som religionen som ett uteslutande av det ekologiska tänkandet om naturen. Ideologin respektive religionen framställs i Slutförbannelser som mänskliga konstruktioner medan det ekologiska tänkandet snarare framstår som evigt.

Around the late third millennium BC small cup-shaped vessels began to appear in burial contexts across the North of England where they were found to be associated with Early Bronze Age funerary practices. Known by the name of incense cups, accessory vessels or miniature cups, their true purpose has been elusive. This study comprises an investigation of cups from Northern England and finds the tradition to be heavily influenced by Beaker culture practices resulting in the earliest cups emulating some attributes of Beaker ceramics. The Northern English Cup assemblage defies the current perception that all Cups are perforated as 63% are not; fabrics are found to be locally sourced and not imported and a review of the typology finds a strong regional adherence to the Food Vessel and Collared Urn tradition. Association in the grave with larger Urns is not as common as once believed and Cups have been found as the solitary ceramic indicating that they were important in their own right. Firing damage such as spalling has been interpreted as use of the funeral pyre for firing vessels prior to deposition with cremated remains and it is suggested that this is a recognisable signature of the cup tradition and therefore the name ‘funerary Cup’ is more appropriate. An active cross country trade network can be inferred from distributions of metalwork, precious materials and an affinity in some cases to Irish cups. / Prehistoric Society, Yorkshire Ladies Council for Education and the Andy Jagger Fund / The full text will be available at the end of the embargo period: 23rd Oct 2025

<p>This thesis examines how American icons, such as Jim Morrison, become the focus of "secular" religious followings. Morrison died in Paris, France, in 1971. His grave site, in Paris, attracts thousands of visitors each year. As the lead singer of 1960s era band, The Doors, Morrison achieved extraordinary fame. Tiring of his rock star status, Morrison moved to Paris in 1971, where he died under mysterious circumstances at age 27.</p> <p>After his death, Morrison remained a focus of popular biographies and films; many attributed mythic qualities to the dead singer. The continued interest in the celebrity of Morrison, following his death, generated much popularity among a new generation of fans.</p> <p>The motivation for visiting the Morrison grave, in Paris, is not only the music of Morrison or the Doors. Rather, fans gather in Paris each year to remember Morrison as cultural hero and the values he represents: freedom and rebellion against authority.</p> <p>An ethnography in Paris completed during the anniversary of his death, July 3, supplements an analysis of the subculture surrounding Morrison. A wider conclusion concerning the purpose of dead celebrity followings, in contemporary society, is a final focus.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>Located in southeast Italy, the site of Vagnari has been explored archaeologically as a Roman <em>vicus</em> that once formed part of an imperial estate. After the discovery of a cemetery on the property in 2002, exploration has yielded important results for understanding the lives and deaths of individuals in rural Italy from the first to early fourth centuries AD. Within the sphere of funerary archaeology and commemoration, there has been a shift in recent scholarship away from the monuments and practices of imperial and senatorial families in urban cities towards those who were underrepresented in epigraphic and textual evidence, namely ordinary individuals. Funerary archaeology presents one medium of exploring both funerary and burial practices in previously understudied areas of Roman Italy.</p> <p>Previous studies of the Vagnari cemetery have been centered around a catalogue of burials, artifacts, and pathology, with more recent work focusing on stable isotopes and ancient DNA. This thesis focuses on the artifacts and patterns of distribution to understand how burial practices may have been shaped by social, economic and legal status. The primary focus is not the artifacts themselves, but the ways in which material culture can be interpreted to address issues of social status and prosperity within the cemetery. Within the wider realm of funerary practices, this study aims to understand funerals in a rural setting based on the burial record by incorporating archaeological, literary and historic evidence, in order to situate the site within our increasing knowledge of death and commemoration in the Roman Empire.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

The crematory funerary rites practiced by those living in parts of mainland Britain during the first millennium AD included burning complete or parts of animals on the pyre. This thesis highlights the potential for archaeozoological analysis of faunal pyre goods using assemblages from the first millennium AD as a dataset. Experimental study and the integration of current research from a number of disciplines is used to suggest that although pyrolysis and cremation practices fragment and distort burnt bone assemblages, careful analysis can reveal a wealth of data leading to the interpretation of various forms of pyre good. The results of the author's analysis of material from the sites of Brougham, Cumbria, St. Stephen's, Hertfordshire, Castleford, West Yorkshire and Heath Wood, Derbyshire are combined with data from other published cemeteries to suggest a series of chronological and regional continuities in the use of animals but with a distinct change at the start of the Early Medieval period. The results from Brougham are particularly significant as they alter preconceived views on the utilisation of animals in Romano-British funerary practice. Cremation burials in first millennium AD Britain are shown to include the burnt remains of predominantly domestic taxa with occasional wild species. The pyre goods are interpreted as representing food offerings, companions, amulets, gaming items and sacrifices. This thesis demonstrates that cremated animal bone should not be disregarded but rather valued as source of archaeozoological data, and a significant functional tool for interpreting past funerary behaviour and animal utilisation.

The exclusive bronze and gold objects found in the Iron Age ship and rider burials of Vendel, Valsgärde and Sutton Hoo are well known. Less known, however, is the grave field of Vallstenarum on Gotland, where some similar finds have been made. Vallstenarum is located in a highly interesting landscape with former bays and lagoons, Bronze Age monuments, hill forts and a long continuity of human activity. While many of the impressive Bronze Age graves and monuments are widely visible in the landscape, Iron Age burials are more descrete. Therefore, this paper aims to shed light on the people in the Iron Age Vallstena community, their social organisation and their communication with the rest of the world. This will be achieved by analysing grave objects in relation to status and hierarchy, but also in relation to the surrounding landscape and in chronology with nearby archaeological sites. By comparing where similar finds have been made, the paper also discusses the location of Vendel Period central areas and Iron Age trade and communication. The results show a highly symbolic landscape, where the domestic area was separated from the grave fields. The find material also implies that the Vallstena area was involved in a vast communication network during the Vendel Period and possibly functioned as a trade hub through its strategic location next to the Gothem river. The grave activity in the central area of the parish seems to peak during the Vendel period, and the peripheral areas of the parish starts to get more intensively populated in the Viking Age. / I ”Tjelvars” fotspår- Rekonstruktion av det forntida landskapet vid Lina myr på Gotland under 9000 år

Plusieurs travaux suggèrent que les personnes atteintes d’une maladie mentale grave représentent un risque plus élevé de passage à l’acte violent que les personnes de la population en générale. Les raisons pour lesquelles ces personnes seraient plus enclines à commettre des gestes violents restent toutefois souvent contradictoires. En 1994, Link et Stueve suggéraient qu’une personne atteinte de symptômes de type menace/atteintes aux mécanismes de contrôle (TCO), était significativement plus à risque de commettre un geste violent. Les résultats de ces travaux furent par la suite reproduits dans le cadre d’autres études. L’objectif de ce rapport de stage est de mieux comprendre la relation entre les symptômes TCO et le passage à l’acte agressif en cours d’hospitalisation. Pour ce faire, les informations concernant la symptomatologie et les passages à l’acte violents de deux résidents de l’Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal (IPPM) sont présentées sous forme d’études de cas. L’analyse du contenu clinique des études de cas suggère qu’une approche nomothétique ne permet de comprendre qu’en partie l’association entre le passage à l’acte agressif et les symptômes TCO. Une telle approche ne permet pas d’intégrer d’autres facteurs cliniques tels les hallucinations ou les idées de violence, à l’étude du passage à l’acte agressif. Une approche phénoménologique où l’on s’intéresse à la compréhension qu’a la personne de son environnement et aux moyens qu’elle envisage afin d’y répondre semble offrir davantage de pistes afin de comprendre le passage à l’acte violent chez la personne atteinte d’une maladie mentale grave. / Studies suggest that people with severe mental illnesses represent a higher risk of acting out violently than the general population. However, evidences as to why these individuals would be more prone to violence remain contradictory. In 1994, Link and Stueve suggested that a person with Threat/Control-Override (TCO) symptoms is at a significantly higher risk to act violently. Those results were subsequently reproduced. The objective of this report is to get a better understanding of the relation between TCO symptoms and violent acting out during hospitalization. Therefore, data concerning symptomatology and violent acting outs by two Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal (IPPM) inpatients are presented in two case studies. The analysis of the clinical content in these case studies suggests that a nomothetic approach would only allow us to understand part of the correlation between aggressive behaviors and TCO symptoms. More over, this approach does not integrate other clinical factors such as hallucinations to the comprehension of aggressive acting outs. A phenomenological approach where the person’s understanding of his environment and what he considers as options in responding are investigated, provides additional clues that could lead to the understanding of why someone with a severe mental illness may be at risk of acting out violently.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The intention of the Diploma thesis Rites of passage as a theme in the history textbooks is analyze the history textbooks of upper primary school in terms of rites of passage. This practical part is preceded by general introduction to the issue of rituals and rites of passage. The following is a discussion of selected rites of passage, which are weddings and funerals. Selected rites of passage determine the direction which is going analysis itself textbooks. In general I am interested in themes of weddings, funerals and all other facts that are associated with the issue in analyzing textbooks. Then I find out, how and what extent selected rites of passage are presented to pupils. So that pupils gain the most information from the particular way in view of the rites of passage, I deal also possibilities to enrich a certain representation of ritual. The conclusion summarizes the main reasons for the changes of rites of passage that appear in the history books for upper primary school. KEYWORDS ritual, rite of passage, textbook, funeral, grave, burial ground, wedding, wedding ceremony