My dissertation examines chief justice leadership of the United States Supreme Court during the judicial decision-making process. With the office steeped in secrecy, I borrow seminal concepts from the leadership literature such as autocratic, laissez-faire, and democratic leadership and adapt them to the office in order to systematically identify dominant patterns of leadership. While chief justices use different styles, the office is chiefly democratic in both structure and operation, which makes the chief justice a “first among equals” and requires him to be just as good of a political negotiator as he is a competent legal judge. This is a unique, but under appreciated, feature of the chief justice when compared to the associate justices. / 10000-01-01

Empirical evidence suggests that transformational leadership is positively correlated with job satisfaction, job performance, organizational commitment, and survivability. Although transformational leadership has been implemented in various organizations, little research has examined the issues in implementing transformational leadership concepts within a scientific laboratory. The purpose of this exploratory, qualitative case study was to examine (a) the current leadership style of the president of a scientific laboratory from the scientists', analysts', and technicians' perspective and their preferred leadership style; (b) the president's self-perceived leadership style and perceived subordinate style preference; and (c) the employees' perceptions of advantages and challenges to applying and implementing a transformational style of leadership. The laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational leadership models of Avolio, Bass, Burns, and Kouzes and Posner provided the theoretical basis for the case study. Data were collected from the president and subordinates and responses were coded and classified according to patterns and emerging themes. Results indicated that the president's current leadership style was transactional, whereas the subordinates' preference was transformational. The president's self-assessment of current style and perceived subordinate preference was found to be transformational. Subordinates expressed ideal and effective leadership qualities and shared advantages and barriers to transformational leadership. Leaders in scientific laboratories who apply these findings and implement more effective leadership may impact social change through increased subordinate job satisfaction and performance, thereby enhancing organizational survivability and improving the status quo.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att inom idrottskontexten studera samband mellan idrottares upplevelser av de olika ledarskapsstilarna (1) transformativt, (2) konventionellt och (3) låt-gå med olika motivationsinriktningar inom Självbestämmandeteorin (SDT). I studien deltog 117 handbolls- och fotbollsspelare i åldrarna 16-33 år (M = 19.17, SD = 3.61). Deltagarna besvarade enkäter bestående av Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) för att mäta motivationsinriktning, Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ) för att mäta upplevt transformativt ledarskap samt delar av Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ) vilket avsåg att mäta upplevt konventionellt ledarskap och låt-gå ledarskap. Resultaten visade att det fanns statistiskt signifikant samband mellan upplevt transformativt ledarskap och inre motivation samt yttre självbestämmande motivation (identifierad reglering och integrerad reglering). Vidare visades att det fanns statistiskt signifikant samband mellan upplevt konventionellt ledarskap och ickesjälvbestämmande motivation (extern reglering och introjicerad reglering). Inget signifikant samband visades mellan upplevt låt-gå ledarskap och amotivation. Studieresultaten har diskuterats i förhållande till teorier och tidigare forskning där slutsatsen är att både transformativt och konventionellt ledarskap har samband med idrottares motivation vilket kan vara betydande kunskap för praktisk tillämpning inom idrottskontexten. Studiens resultat ligger i linje med den tidigare knapphändiga forskningen inom området men mer forskning behövs. / The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between athletes' perceptions of different leadership styles and motivational orientations within the context of sports. Theoretical frameworks of transformational; conventional; and laissez-faire leadership - as well as the different motivational orientations within Self-Determination Theory (SDT) - were applied. Participants were 117 handball and soccer players aged between 16-33 years (M = 19.17, SD = 3.61). Participants completed questionnaires consisting of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMSII) to estimate motivational orientations; the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ) to measure perceived transformational leadership; and parts of the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ), which intended to measure perceived conventional leadership and perceived laissez-faire leadership. The results revealed significant correlations between both transformational leadership and intrinsic motivation as well as extrinsic self-determined motivation (identified regulation and integrated regulation). Furthermore, results showed significant correlations between conventional leadership and non-self-determined motivation (external regulation and introjected regulation). The correlation between perceived laissez-faire leadership and amotivation was not statistically significant. The results are discussed in relation to theories and previous research. Conclusions were that both transformational and conventional leadership correlate with athlete's motivation, hence the knowledge of said subjects may be meaningful for practical application. The results are in line with previous limited research however further research is needed.

The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote work out of necessity, leading many organizations to reevaluate their traditional office-centric work models. As a result, businesses and employees alike became more comfortable with remote work arrangements, paving the way for the widespread acceptance of the hybrid work model even after the pandemic subsides. While the hybrid model offers numerous advantages by blending both office and remote work, its drawbacks and challenges remain largelyunexplored.Especially managers are facing challenges as their traditional approaches to lead and influence their employees may prove less effective in this new dynamic environment. Consequently, there is a pressing new for managers to comprehend these challenges, equipping themselves with new skills sets to thrive. Additionally, they must innovate new methods to inspire and motivate employees within their team, ensuring the organizations attains its objectives in this evolving environment. The purpose of this thesis is to gain insights on how leader behavior affects employees in the hybrid work environment as well as contributing to the limited existing research in this field. To fulfil the purpose, the following research question has been developed: What impact do different leadership styles have on the motivation of employees in a hybrid work environment? By investigating this research question, we will delve into the impacts of autocratic, democratic and laissez faire leadership on employee motivation in the hybrid model. To explore the relationships between leadership styles and employee motivation in this work environment a survey has been conducted that aims to provide data required to answer the stated research question. Through the analysis of collected data, we have been able to conclude that leadership styles indeed do have an impact on employee motivation in a hybrid work environment. Furthermore, the empirical findings indicate that some leadership styles correlate with positive motivational outcomes while others exhibit negative motivational outcomes. These findings offer valuable practical implications for managers operating within hybrid work environments as well as for the broader organizational context.

Sedan sars-cov-2 deklarerades en pandemi har arbetssituationer förändrats världen över. Studiens syfte var därför att undersöka huruvida transaktionellt, transformativt samt låt- gå ledarstil korrelerade med arbetstillfredsställelse under distansarbete samt vilken av dessa tre ledarstilar som var den starkaste prediktorn av arbetstillfredsställelse. En enkät med totalt 36 frågor utformades för att mäta arbetstagares upplevda arbetstillfredsställelse samt deras skattning av sin närmsta chefs ledarstil. Påståendena var utformade utifrån mätinstrumenten Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire samt Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Resultatet visade att transformativt ledarskap korrelerade positivt med arbetstillfredsställelse och var den starkaste prediktorn. Låt-gå ledarskap korrelerade negativt med arbetstillfredsställelse medan resultatet för det transaktionella ledarskapet inte var signifikant. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att transformativt ledarskap har en positiv inverkan på arbetstillfredsställelse under distansarbete, och att organisationer således bör bedriva ett sådant. / As sars-cov-2 was declared a pandemic, work situations all over the world changed. Theaim of the study was to examine whether employees’ job satisfaction was correlated with their immediate supervisor’s style of leadership during teleworking, and whichstyle of leadership predicted job satisfaction the strongest. The examined styles of leadership were transactional, transformational and laissez-faire. A survey study with 36 statements was conducted in order to measure job satisfaction and style of leadership. The questionnaire was designed using the measuring instruments Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The results showed that transformational leadership and job satisfaction are positively correlated and that it was the strongest predictor. Laissez-faire leadership, on the other hand, was negatively correlated with job satisfaction whilst the result for transactional leadership was not significant. To conclude, transformational leadership had a positive impact on job satisfaction during teleworking, and organizations should therefore manage such leadership.

Background: In recent years, a new generation has rapidly entered the workforce and when this happens it is assumed that some level of disruption will come along. Since Generation Z have only been in the workforce for short amount of time, there is a lack of crucial research regarding their perceived experiences. Because different generations are assumed to have different values, a prominent challenge for organizations is how to correctly lead them. In other words, leadership preferences may differ when a new generation comes into play. Problem: As of today, there is a substantial knowledge gap regarding Generation Z preferred leadership styles among entry-level jobs. This knowledge gap can cause devastating effects for future organizations. Generation Z is a force to be reckoned with and shall soon become a prevailing member of the labor market in the near future. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the Swedish Generation Z preferred leadership styles, based on lived experiences in an entry-level job and to what extent they prefer transformational, transactional or laissez-faire leadership. The findings are expected to contribute to existing and new theoretical insights regarding Gen Z leadership preferences. Method: The research was conducted through seven qualitative semi-structured, open-ended interviews, which were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results: The findings described Generation Z ideal leader based on their thoughts and lived experiences. Gen Z prefers a leader that displays individual consideration, inspires followers and acts as a role model. These characteristics traits bare close resemblance of a transformational leader compared to transactional or laissez-fair leader. Acknowledging these results could contribute to a competitive advantage for organizations during their recruitment and development phase of Gen Z employees.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka och bidra med kunskap om ledarskapets påverkan på medarbetarnas inre och yttre motivation i provisionsbaserade arbetsmiljöer. En kvalitativ forskningsansats med ett abduktiv angreppssätt har tillämpats i detta arbete. Nio semi-strukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare har genomförts. Studien visar att ledarskapet har påverkan på både inre och yttre motivation, samt att varje ledarskapsstil påverkar medarbetarnas motivation i viss utsträckning. Studien visar även att inre motivation är mer beständig samt att det transformativa ledarskapet genererar motivation i störst utsträckning hos medarbetare i provisionsbaserade arbetsmiljöer. / The purpose of the study is to examine and contribute knowledge about the impact of leadership on employees' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in commission-based work environments. A qualitative research approach with an abductive approach has been applied in this study. Nine semi-structured interviews with employees have been conducted. The study demonstrates that leadership has an impact on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and that each leadership style affects employee motivation to some extent. The study also reveals that intrinsic motivation is more enduring, and that transformative leadership generates motivation to a greater extent among employees in commission-based work environments.

Studien har som syfte att undersöka hur framgångsrika ledare framställs idag och till vilken utsträckning samt i vilka situationer de brukar ett auktoritärt ledarskap. För att uppfylla studiens syfte har dagsaktuella ledarskapstrender samt fiktiva ledare i aktuell populärkultur analyserats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att vissa egenskaper är gemensamma hos framgångsrika ledare i såväl trender som hos fiktiva ledare. Det råder delade meningar samt avsaknad av en nyanserad förklaring av vad som är ett auktoritärt ledarskap. Genom att sätta ihop en samlad bild av ett auktoritärt ledarskap går det att urskilja hur vissa situationer efterfrågar och förväntar ett auktoritärt ledarskap. / The purpose of this study is to examine how successful leaders are portrayed today and to what extent as well in which situations they practice authoritarian leadership. To fulfill the purpose of the study have current leadership trends and fictitious leaders in recent popular culture been analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that some characteristics are mutual for successful leaders in trends as well as fictitious leaders. There is a disagreement and a lack of nuanced definition of an authoritarian leadership. Creating a collective definition of an authoritarian leadership makes it possible to discern how certain situations demand and expect authoritarian leadership.

This study sought to analyse the influence of principal leadership on the performance of selected schools in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The problems addressed in the research were what leadership and leadership styles in the school context entail, concept of school performance, attributes of leadership as perceived by principals and how these attributes impact on school performance and establish whether school performance is dependent upon principal leadership and his/her leadership style. It was a qualitative study. Stakeholders of the schools were interviewed and observations were made. The relationship between leadership and leadership style, in general, and school performance were investigated. The research established that unless principals were well equipped with knowledge and skills in management and leadership, they would not be able to improve school performance. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The study evaluates the perceived effectiveness of the leadership styles of deans in Ethiopian governmental Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges. The study was contextualised within the domain of relevant leadership theory in chapter 2 (with specific emphasis on the Full Range Leadership model developed by Bass and Avolio), and within the field of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in chapter 3. A mixed method research methodology was employed in the empirical research. The quantitative part received the most emphasis, while a qualitative part was added to attempt to corroborate findings. Quantitative data were collected from teachers (219), student council members (65) and deans (10) in ten TVET colleges using the MLQ 5x short-form questionnaire, which is a standardised questionnaire of high repute. The quantitatively collected data were analysed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The qualitative part consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with the ten deans and one TVET Bureau Head. Quantitative findings indicated that the transformational and transactional leadership styles were observed far more frequently than the laissez-faire style. Perceptions regarding the effectiveness of deans, teachers’ job satisfaction and teachers’ willingness to make an extra effort were positively and statistically significantly influenced by the presence of both the transformational and the transactional leadership styles and to a slight extent, influenced negatively by the interaction effect of the two styles. Qualitative findings mostly corroborated the quantitative findings. Recommendations emanating from the research inter alia include: Leadership training opportunities for TVET deans should be scheduled to enhance the appropriate leadership style practice of deans (especially the transformational style); resources (human, financial and materials) should be made available to TVET colleges to develop desired types of leadership in colleges; as part of the selection process when appointing new TVET deans, the leadership style/s that applicants use at that stage should be assessed; a staff-dean-team-approach will be productive if the dean practises a transformational-orientated style of leadership. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Educational Management)