In the Northwest Territories, there is a growing demand for knowledge about the effectiveness of land-based programs (GNWT Social Services Research Agenda, 2017). Project Jewel is a community-driven, land-based healing program in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) that is run by the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC). My thesis, which is written in the two-publishable paper format, presents community-based research with Inuvialuit in the ISR. In paper one, we used postcolonial theory, a decolonization framework, and critical Inuit studies to approach an examination of how an evaluation of Project Jewel could promote cultural safety. The findings enabled us to create an evaluation framework that included centring the land, building relationships, working with words and pictures, and promoting benefits while minimizing harms through aftercare as elements identified by Project Jewel participants and staff that would enhance the likelihood of the evaluation being culturally safe. In paper two, we used the same methodology and theoretical approach to examine the elements of success and benefits of participation in Project Jewel. The findings identified that the elements of success for Project Jewel included Inuvialuit cultural practices, local programming, distraction and judgement free environment, confidentiality, and comfort and support. The benefits of participating in Project Jewel included (re)connection to land, culture, identity and heritage, strengthened systems of social support, and enhanced skills and self-esteem. Together, the two papers contribute to the further development of land-based programs for Inuvialuit in a way that is determined and led by Inuvialuit and their values. They demonstrate that land-based programs like Project Jewel can contribute to processes of decolonization and healing among Inuit that hold implications for improving/supporting positive health and wellbeing.

It is commonly understood that loss of lands, forced relocation, residential schools as well as, an over-representation of Indigenous peoples in the child welfare and justice system due to the past 150 years of colonization has adversely affected the mental health and wellbeing of Indigenous peoples across Canada. As a result, the link between intergenerational trauma, colonization, and its impact on Indigenous peoples suggests that conducting research in this area may reveal several experiences, reflections and insights about the resilience of Indigenous peoples. Research about the inclusion of tribal Indigenous practices and land-based practices have been found to support positive mental health and build resilience. This study explored the concept of resilience as it pertained to the lived experiences of different generations of Southern Tutchone males living within a Yukon community. This study employed a case study approach underpinned by an Indigenous heuristic framework and informed by Indigenous ways of doing, knowing and being. Semi-structured interviews were used with Elders and youth to consider the relationship between land-based practices (LBP) and how to build resilient Southern Tutchone men. This study highlighted the importance of land as a teacher, and the need for Southern Tutchone male youth to reconnect with Elders on the land and to learn what it means to thrive as a Southern Tutchone man. Moreover, resilience was seen through a community lens rather than an individual one by these Southern Tutchone peoples. / Graduate

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Modern aircraft testing and training increasingly demand the use of multiple targets. A novel method to meet this requirement is to use the new AN/MPS-39 Multiple Object Tracking Radar (MOTR) with Vega Target Control System equipment. The AN/MPS-39 can be loosely described as the equivalent of ten AN/FPS-16 radars. This equivalency, due largely to the AN/MPS-39’s phased array antenna, immediately suggests the controlling of multiple target drones as an added capability to the radar’s basic and demonstrated function as a precision metric instrument. This paper demonstrates the adaptability of the AN/MPS-39 MOTR to the use of VTCS, thus exploiting the AN/MPS-39’s inherent capability to control multiple target drones simultaneously.

Populations that utilize deep water running (DWR) are described in Chapter I. A review of the literature concerning studies comparing peak physiological variables of water exercises (swimming, DWR, & land based running) to land based exercises (cycle ergometer, walking, & running) are presented in Chapter II. The protocols utilized for obtaining peak values on land and in the water along with subject characteristics, statistical methods and description of the training regimen are discussed in Chapter HI. The results, presented in Chapter IV, indicate no interaction between any of the variables measured but a main effect for treadmill V02 peak for the pre- and post testing. Chapter V discusses factors which may limit physiological changes within each training group. Chapter VI contains suggestions for further research.

In land-based integrated aquaculture of marine finfish and macroalgae, rearing space is a large expense. Increasing algal stocking density can increase efficiency, but this may require greater irradiance because of self-shading. To determine the irradiance needed, experiments were conducted in one-litre flasks with enriched seawater under natural and artificial illumination. Under natural illumination, a Daily Photon Dose of 17 mol m-2 d-1 at 10 and 14 ºC, Palmaria palmata cultured at 10 g L-1 grew 100 % faster and absorbed 20 % more nutrients than Chondrus crispus. However, Atlantic halibut farm effluent can reach up to 19 ºC in summer, too high for P. palmata. Under artificial illumination, C. crispus performed better than under natural illumination. Light saturation curves indicated nutrient uptake by C. crispus at 10 g L-1 and 10 ºC was highest at 23 mol m-2 d-1 irradiance, equivalent to 400 µmol m-2 s-1 for 16 hours

Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of an aquatic- and landbased plyometric programme upon selected, sport-specific performance variables in adolescent male, rugby union players. A group of 52 rugby players (age: 16.3 ± 0.8 years, height: 176 ± 6.9 cm and body mass: 76.1 ± 11.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aquatic group (n=18), land group (n=17), and a control group (n=17). Prior to and after the sevenweeks of training, the power, agility and speed of participants were assessed by means of Fitrodyne repeated countermovement jumps, the Sergeant vertical jump, the Illinois agility test, a standing broad jump, and a 10- and 40- metre sprint. All three groups maintained their summer extra-curricular sport commitments during the intervention period. When the three groups were analysed, no significant differences were found between the groups with regard to all tested performance variables. With regard to withingroup changes, the aquatic group improved significantly (p<0.05) in the Illinois agility test, performed to the right. The land group showed significant (p<0.05) improvements in peak concentric power during Fitrodyne repeated countermovement jumps. All groups reflected highly significant (p<0.01) improvements in the Sergeant vertical jump. None of the groups displayed any improvements in sprint speed. The control was the only group to improve significantly in the standing broad jump (p<0.05). Land-based plyometric training might be a functionally superior training modality for athletes, although aquatic plyometrics could also offer an effective training modality for performance enhancement in power-based sports such as rugby union football. Aquatic-based plyometrics should not completely replace land-based plyometrics, as it might not adequately develop the specific neuromuscular patterns or functional needs of explosive sports. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effektiwiteit van ‘n water- en landgebaseerde pliometriese program met mekaar te vergelyk in terme van geselekteerde, sportspesifieke uitvoeringsveranderlikes in manlike adolessente rugbyspelers. ‘n Groep van 52 rugbyspelers (ouderdom: 16.3 ± 0.8 jaar, lengte: 176 ± 6.9 cm en liggaamsmassa: 76.1 ± 11.9 kg) is lukraak in een van drie groepe ingedeel: watergroep (n=18), landgroep (n=17), en ‘n kontrolegroep (n=17). Voor en na die sewe-weke oefenprogram, is spelers se plofkrag, ratsheid en spoed getoets deur middel van Fitrodyne herhaalde spronge, Sergeant vertikale sprong, Illinois ratsheidstoets, staande verspring, en ‘n 10- en 40-m spoedtoets. Al drie groepe het vir die duur van die intervensieperiode met hulle somersport aangegaan. Na analise van die drie groepe se data, is daar geen statisties betekenisvolle verskille tussen die groepe ten opsigte van die prestasieveranderlikes gevind nie. Die waterpliometriese groep se prestasie in die Illinois ratsheidstoets na regs het statisties beduidend (p<0.05) verbeter. Die landgroep het betekenisvolle (p<0.05) verbetering in die piek konsentriese plofkrag met die Fitrodyne herhaalde spronge getoon. Aldrie groepe het betekenisvolle (p<0.01) verbetering getoon in die Sergeant vertikale sprong. Geen groep se spoed het verbeter nie. Slegs die kontrolegroep se staande verspring het statisties betekenisvol verbeter. Land-gebaseerde pliometriese oefening kan moontlik, vanuit ‘n funksionele oogpunt, ‘n beter oefenmodaliteit vir atlete wees. Watergebaseerde pliometriese oefening kan egter ook ‘n oefenmodaliteit vir sport wat plofkrag vereis, soos rugby, wees. Watergebaseerde pliometriese oefening behoort nie land-gebaseerde pliometriese oefening te vervang nie, omdat dit moontlik nie aan die spesifieke neuromuskulêre patrone en funksionele behoeftes van eksplosiewe sport voldoen nie.

<p>Co-operation between states is a necessity to be able to handle environmental issues in the Baltic Sea area, since these are transboundary problems. Two organisations that deal with environmental issues in this region are HELCOM and Baltic 21. The aim has been to study how the problem of pollution from diffuse land-based sources, especially agriculture, has been dealt with through these organisations, to look upon the roles of and the relationship between HELCOM and Baltic 21 and to study the possibilities and the difficulties in the practical co-operation. The study holds a Swedish perspective, as Swedish representatives with connections to the HELCOM and Baltic 21 processes have been interviewed. The analysis shows that the EU is becoming increasingly important as an actor in the Baltic Sea co-operation, which makes the future roles of HELCOM and Baltic 21 uncertain. Concerning the difficulties of the work, aspects mentioned were cultural differences, group problems and lack of resources. To improve the work some proposals made by the interviewees were to use the experiences from different projects and to increase the resources.</p>

This thesis examines the practices of Indigeneity, acts of Indigenous social and cultural traditions stemming from Teetł’it Gwich’in land-based culture in the Northwest Territories. By emphasizing Teetł’it Gwich’in philosophy, this project illustrates how Teetł’it Gwich’in practices of Indigeneity are rooted in their social, physical, and cultural relationship with the land, which are central to Gwich’in self-determination. This thesis demonstrates traditional Teetł’it Gwich’in self-governance practices are driven by cultural and social norms rooted in traditional knowledge, as well as contemporary Gwich’in-Canada relations. Utilizing knowledge collected from Teetł’it Gwich’in elders, these first-hand accounts show the connection between Canada and the Teetł’it Gwich’in through state policies that impede Teetł’it Gwich’in self-determination. By examining these challenges to their cultural practices, Teetł’it Gwich’in worldviews rooted in land-based practices is considered the basis for Gwich’in self-determination rooted in the physical and cultural landscape of Gwich’in lands. / Graduate / 0615 / 0740

From a public health perspective pain from low back and/or pelvis was studied in relation to pregnancy. Two interventions, water gymnastics or Friskis and Svettis ́ gymnastics for pregnant women, were evaluated regarding effects on symptoms and need for sick leave due to low back or pelvic pain. In an intervention study with 390 randomised women, 266 participated in physical activity during 60 minutes once a week during just about half their pregnancies. No one was sick-listed due to low back pain in the water gymnastic group compared to 6 women in the land-based exercise group (p=0.03). Some doubts may be raised regarding recommendations to pregnant women with a history of low back pain to participate in gymnastics. On the contrary, water gymnastics seems to be beneficial regarding low back pain. Methods to prevent pelvic pain in relation to pregnancy are not known. Furthermore, a possible relation between longstanding pelvic pain after pregnancy was investigated. Such a relation has never been described before. Fifteen subjects, women with defined posterior pelvic pain during and after pregnancy and as many controls without anamnesis of such pain were tested for lactose intolerance, using the BH2-test. A correlation was found, p=0.05 but results need to be confirmed in larger studies. The possible link towards explaining such a relation goes through the fact that lactose intolerance and “irritable bowel syndrome”, IBS, often overlap and lactose intolerance test is recommended to be included in investigation of IBS. Can low back/pelvic pain in relation to pregnancy sometimes be correlated to lactose intolerance? / Med utgångspunkt från ett folkhälsoperspektiv studerades smärta från ländrygg och eller bäcken hos gravida kvinnor. Två interventioner, vattengymnastik respektive Friskis och Svettis ́ Vänta-barn-gympa, utvärderades avseende symtom på smärta från ländrygg och bäcken samt sjukskrivning härför i samband med graviditet. I en interventionsstudie med 390 randomiserade kvinnor deltog 266 kvinnor i fysisk aktivitet under en timma per vecka under drygt halva graviditeten. Ingen var sjukskriven för ländryggsmärta i vattengymnastikgruppen jämfört med 6 kvinnor i gymnastikgruppen (p=0.03). Viss försiktighet föreslås när det gäller att rekommendera vanlig gymnastik till kvinnor med anamnes på ryggsmärta under graviditet medan vattengymnastik förefaller ha god effekt för just ländryggsmärta. Någon metod för att förebygga bäckensmärta finns inte beskriven. Vidare studeras ett eventuellt samband mellan laktosintolerans och kvarstående bäckensmärta, något som inte tidigare undersökts. När det gäller sambandet graviditet – laktosintolerans gjordes en pilotstudie med 15 deltagare och lika många kontroller. Ett visst samband kunde konstateras, p=0.05, men resultaten måste verifieras i större studier. Den tänkbara förklaringsmekanismen bakom sambandet med laktosintolerans går via ”irritable bowel syndrome”, IBS. Symtom från IBS och från laktosintolerans överlappar varandra och det rekommenderas att laktosbelastning skall ingå i utredning av oklara buksmärtor. Kan även bäckensmärtor i samband med graviditet i vissa fall ha samband med laktosintolernas?

Aquaculture has been a way to produce fish as a protein source for thousands of years and over the past decades aquaculture has been the fastest expanding animal-based food sector in the world. This study focused on quantifying the flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in Atlantic Salmon farming and compared traditional open net farming with a more recent technique, land based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The aim was to quantify the difference in emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus between the two types of farming and to quantify the amount of nutrients that could be reused from the respective fish farm. Data were obtained from reports, scientific publications and an application for environmental permit (EIA) for the case Smögenlax Aquaculture AB. The same feed input and salmon output were assumed in the two systems and a substance flow analysis was used to quantify the flows of nutrients. The amount of produced salmon and fish feed/year were taken from Smögenlax Aquacultures EIA. The results showed that a RAS-based Salmon farm emits only 6 % of the nitrogen and 5 % of the phosphorus emitted to the recipient waters in comparison to an open net farm. RAS-based salmon farming also enables the reuse of 19 % more nitrogen and 47 % more phosphorus than an open net farm by using sludge and fish offal from the farm to create biogas and biofertilizers. RAS is still evolving to provide possibilities for large scale salmon farms on land to be both cost and environmental efficient and may in the future be the most common way to farm Atlantic Salmon.