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Literacy Practices of Student-Athletes: The Ethics of Repetition, Surveillance and Breakdown examines how a group of male basketball players as a small Division II university in the southeast United States used and were affected by literacy in their academic, athletic and social lives. The driving question that guided data collection was How do the physical learning and material conditions of high level basketball players at Richardson University influence their literacy practices? The impetus for this question was a desire to understand the relationship between the literate activity and moving bodies of these players. In school settings academic training is often conducted in ways that isolate the body from the mind. This ethnography sought to uncover if or how a bifurcation of mind/body occurred amid the training practices of these subjects. To accomplish this task, the study was designed to look at what bodies were doing during "literacy events." "Literacy events," which is borrowed from Barton and Hamilton, functioned as the core unit of analysis of the database. The method for pursuing the primary research question was ethnography. For one academic year I observed, interviewed, took fieldnotes, collected artifacts and supervised photographic literacy logs. Observations were conducted across the campus of Richardson University in three domains of the players' lives - academic, athletic and social domains. Interviews were conducted with individual players and were based off of fieldnotes, observations and the players' photo literacy logs that the players made as a way of documenting samples of their literacy practices. There were four core findings that this study of these student-athletes allows me to state with certainty: (1) these student-athletes' training methods influenced their literacy, (2) these student-athletes have highly sophisticated literacy that reflects their highly sophisticated cognition, and (3) these student-athletes liked their training regimens. The fourth finding can be split into thirds based on the three themes organizing the data of the study - Repetition, Surveillance and Breakdown. And, each of these attests to the highly physical nature of these student-athletes' academic and athletic training; they also indicate the extent to which reading-writing was infused in this training. Repetition was essential to habituating motor-movements as the foundation for being able to move beyond the basic physicality of a literacy event to more critical, higher order engagement. Repetition is not a mindless, rote activity. Repetition is thinking. Surveillance was an effective educational technology for instilling positive literacy habits through a system of control and observation. Breakdown was another educational technology that demonstrated a powerful connection between body and mind, similar to repetition. These three concepts and the conversations that support them illustrate that literacy is not simply a cognitive act; it is not just a way of thinking, but a socially embedded way of acting. / English

Nowadays event extraction systems mainly deal with a relatively small amount of information about temporal and modal qualifications of situations, primarily processing assertive sentences in the past tense. However, systems with a wider coverage of tense, aspect and mood can provide better analyses and can be used in a wider range of text analysis applications. This thesis develops such a system for Turkish language. This is accomplished by extending Open Source Information Mining and Analysis (OPTIMA) research group&#039 / s event extraction software, by implementing appropriate extensions in the semantic representation format, by adding a partial grammar which improves the TAM (Tense, Aspect and Mood) marker, adverb analysis and matching functions of ExPRESS, and by constructing an appropriate lexicon in the standard of CORLEONE. These extensions are based on the theory of anchoring relations (Tem&uuml / rc&uuml / , 2007, 2011) which is a cross-linguistically applicable semantic framework for analyzing tense, aspect and mood related categories. The result is a system which can, in addition to extracting basic event structures, classify sentences given in news reports according to their temporal, modal and volitional/illocutionary values. Although the focus is on news reports of natural disasters, disease outbreaks and man-made disasters in Turkish language, the approach can be adapted to other languages, domains and genres. This event extraction and classification system, with further developments, can provide a basis for automated browsing systems for preventing environmental and humanitarian risk.

Aus der Einleitung: „Terminological knowledge representation systems (TKR systems) are powerful tools not only to represent but also to reason about the knowledge on the terminology of an application domain. Their particular power lie in their ability to infer implicit knowledge from the knowledge explicitly stored in a knowledge base. Mainly, a TKR system consists of three parts: First, a terminological knowledge base which contains the explicit description of the concepts relevant for the application domain. Second, an assertional knowledge base which contains the description of concrete individuals and their relations. This description of concrete individuals is realized using the terminology fixed in the terminological knowledge base. Third, a TKR system comprises an inference engine which is able to infer implicit properties of the defined concepts and individuals such as subclass/superclass relations amongst concepts (subsumption), the classifcation of all defned concepts with respect to the subclass/superclass relation. This yields the class taxonomy. whether there exists an interpretation of the terminology where a given concept has at least one instance (satisfiability), to enumerate all individuals that are instances of a given concept (retrieval), given a concrete individual, to enumerate the most specific concepts of the terminology this individual is an instance of.”

We aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional framework for analyzing complex verbal behavior. This involved introducing and demonstrating the use of multiaxial radar charts for visualizing and quantifying the interdependence of elementary verbal operants. Next, we extended the application of radar charts to the broader field of behavior analysis, emphasizing their utility in measuring and understanding complex human behavior. Last, we apply these methodologies to practical scenarios involving children with autism spectrum disorder to assess and address verbal behavior deficits within diverse linguistic contexts. By integrating these objectives, we enhance the understanding of verbal behavior's functional interdependence and its emergent properties. We posit that a multidimensional approach, facilitated by innovative graphical and quantitative tools, provides a more comprehensive and accurate analysis of verbal behavior, leading to improved intervention strategies for individuals with language deficits. This work not only contributes to the theoretical foundations of behavior analysis but also offers practical applications for enhancing language development in diverse populations.

La coédition de traductions faites au Québec, puis diffusées sous la marque d’un éditeur français, est une pratique à laquelle ont recours les éditeurs pour accroître le rayonnement de leurs titres. Ces coéditions s’effectuent selon des modalités variées dont l’évolution est parfois imprévisible. Dans le processus, les éditeurs et les traducteurs sont amenés à faire des compromis sur la langue d’arrivée afin de rejoindre les publics cibles outre-Atlantique. En quoi consistent ces compromis? Sont-ils terminologiques, lexicaux, culturels ou purement subjectifs? Comment sont-ils perçus par les traducteurs et les éditeurs? Ce mémoire explore ces questions par le biais de quatre études de cas de coéditions de traductions par des éditeurs et des traducteurs littéraires du Québec. L’analyse montre que ces compromis, qu’ils soient ou non culturels, affectent peu la qualité du français mais qu’ils créent parfois chez les éditeurs et les traducteurs un sentiment de domination culturelle de la part de la France. Ce discours est cependant nuancé par les types de pratiques de coédition et par la position des traducteurs dans la structure de l’édition. Un meilleur encadrement des pratiques de coédition et une valorisation du statut du traducteur dans le champ littéraire pourraient contribuer à atténuer certaines tensions liées à la coédition. / The copublishing of the translated version of literary books in Quebec and then distributed under a French publishing brand, is a practice used by editors to broaden the outreach of their books. The process of copublishing is carried out through various methods which tend to evolve in an unpredictable way : editors and translators make compromises about the target language in order to reach their cross-Atlantic markets. What is the nature of these compromises? Are they terminological, lexicographical, cultural or merely subjective? How are they perceived by translators and publishers? This essay explores these questions through the study of four cases of literary works copublished by publishers and literary translators from Quebec. The analysis demonstrates that these compromises, be they cultural or not, have little impact on the quality of French in the copublishing market, which is often in France. But they sometimes create a feeling of cultural dominance on the part of France. This discourse is however nuanced by the type of copublishing practice and the position occupied by translators within the publishing structure. A clearer framework for copublishing practices and a better status for the translator of literary works would contribute to mitigate some of the tensions related to copublishing.

Réalisé en codirection avec Hélène Buzelin / Depuis le début des années 1980, le milieu théâtral québécois manifeste un intérêt croissant pour Tchekhov. Pourtant, les pièces traduites ne répondent pas à la tendance qui, dans le Québec des années 1970-1980, consistait à adapter les classiques du théâtre étranger de façon ethnocentrique, notamment en les traduisant en québécois. Pour Tchekhov, les traducteurs et les praticiens semblent davantage préoccupés par la dimension dramaturgique de la langue que par l'adaptation au contexte sociolinguistique d'accueil. Intriguée par ce phénomène, nous avons cherché à le vérifier et à le comprendre dans le présent mémoire en analysant trois traductions québécoises d’Oncle Vania, représentées entre 1983 et 2001. Notre travail se trouve au carrefour de deux disciplines : la traductologie et l’analyse dramaturgique. Il cherche à démontrer l’ancrage proprement dramaturgique des différentes stratégies de traduction d’Oncle Vania en étudiant la série de leurs concrétisations, du texte source jusqu’à la mise en jeu cible. Le corpus se compose de deux traductions à visée mimétique et d’une réécriture. Dans l'Oncle Vania de Michel Tremblay (1983), l'idiolecte du personnage de Marina a été traduit en joual de façon à recréer l'effet dramaturgique source. Dans Uncle Vanya (1993), une production anglaise du Théâtre du Centaur, les répliques de Sérébriakov ont été traduites en français par Jean-Louis Roux, l'interprète du personnage, et mettent en valeur plusieurs traits distinctifs de celui-ci. La troisième pièce à l'étude est une réécriture de la pièce par Howard Barker, (Uncle) Vanya, traduite au Québec par Paul Lefebvre (2001). La vulgarité de la langue de cette pièce a été traduite de façon sémantique pour recréer la relation déstabilisante spectacle/spectateur propre au Théâtre de la Catastrophe de Barker. Très différentes les unes des autres, ces versions d'Oncle Vania démontrent que la traduction peut s'inscrire, en tant que processus d'analyse dramaturgique, au sein de la critique et de la réflexion sur l'œuvre de Tchekhov. En effet, ces traductions semblent participer davantage de l'histoire globale de l'interprétation du théâtre de Tchekhov en français que d’un projet sociopolitique. Ce mémoire contribue ainsi aux études de traductologie, en y intégrant des modalités d’analyse dramaturgique et apporte un nouvel éclairage à l’histoire de la traduction théâtrale au Québec. / Since the beginning of the 1980’s, Quebec's theatrical milieu interest for Chekhov plays is growing. However, the translated plays do not reflect the tendency which, in the 1970’s and the 1980’s, consisted in adapting the foreign classics of theater in an ethnocentric way, especially by translating them into québécois French. For Chekhov, the translators and the practitioners seemed more worried about the dramaturgic aspects of the language than by the sociolinguistic adaptation of the plays to the context of reception. Intrigued by this phenomenon, we tried to verify and understand it by analyzing three Uncle Vania plays translated and produced in Quebec between 1983 and 2001. Our work is at the crossroads of two disciplines : traductology and dramaturgical analysis. It tries to demonstrate the strictly dramaturgic roots of the various translations strategies for Uncle Vania by studying the series of their concretizations, from the source text to the target mise en jeu. The corpus consists of two mimetic translations and a rewriting. The first play is Oncle Vania, translated by Michel Tremblay (1983), where the idiolect of Marina, one of the characters, was translated in joual in order to recreate the dramaturgic effect of the source text. In the second translation, Uncle Vanya, played in English at the Centaur Theater (1993), the lines of professor Serebryakov were translated into French by Jean-Louis Roux, the character's interpreter, and emphasize several of his characteristics. The third play of the corpus is a rewriting of Chekhov's, (Uncle) Vanya by Howard Barker, translated in Quebec by Paul Lefebvre (2001). The vulgarity of the language of this last play was translated in a semantic way, in order to recreate the show/spectator relation particular to the Barker’s Theatre of Catastrophe. These Uncle Vania’s versions are very different from one another and demonstrate that translation, as a process of dramaturgic analysis, can contribute to the criticism and the reflection on the work of Chekhov. In fact, these translations seem to participate more in the global history of the interpretation of Chekhov’s theater in French, than in a sociopolitical reading of theatrical translation in Quebec. In contributing top translation studies by the mean of dramaturgical analysis, this work also sheds new light on the history of theatrical translation in Quebec.

L’objectif principal du présent mémoire est d’observer le processus de traduction d’un texte de nature juridique mis en oeuvre par deux groupes d’étudiants, cinq étudiants inscrits au baccalauréat en traduction et quatre inscrits au baccalauréat en droit. Tout d’abord, nous analyserons les différences qui existent entre les deux groupes dans leur utilisation des ouvrages de référence. Nous observerons entre autres la diversité générale des ouvrages consultés et la connaissance antérieure des ouvrages papier, la répartition par type d’ouvrages (dictionnaire bilingue, monolingue ou autres), la répartition par support d’ouvrages (électronique ou papier), l’utilisation des correcteurs, l’intensité des recherches effectuées et, finalement, le premier ouvrage consulté selon le type et le support. Ces données seront recueillies grâce à la méthode de verbalisation à voix haute et à l’enregistrement de l’écran d’ordinateur, au moyen du logiciel WebEx. Ensuite, nous évaluerons la qualité des traductions en faisant une distinction entre deux types d’erreurs, soit les erreurs de traduction et les erreurs de langue. Nous tenterons par la suite d’établir des liens entre l’utilisation des ouvrages de référence et la qualité des traductions. Nous observerons que les deux groupes utilisent les ouvrages de référence différemment et que les traducteurs ont semblé mieux outillés que les juristes pour remettre une traduction de qualité. / The main goal of this paper is to observe the translation process of a legal text translated by two groups of students: five undergraduate students in translation, and four in the LLB. First, we analyze the differences between the two groups in their use of reference material. Among other aspects, we observe the overall diversity of reference material consulted and previous knowledge of paper reference material, its use by type (bilingual dictionary, monolingual or others), by media (electronic or paper), the use of spellcheckers, the intensity of research and, finally, the first reference material consulted by type and support. These data were collected by using the think-aloud method and by recording the computer screen with a screen recording software: WebEx. Then, we evaluate the quality of the translations by distinguishing between two types of errors, translation errors and language errors. We then try to establish links between the use of reference material and translation quality. We observed that the two groups used reference material differently and that the translators seemed better equipped than the lawyers to deliver a better translation.

S.O. / Le présent mémoire vise à faire l’étude des procédés d’explicitation dans les traductions anglais-français de textes spécialisés de l’environnement. Plus précisément, notre but est d’identifier l'éventail de ces procédés d'explicitation, de faire leur analyse, de les classifier et de proposer quelques pistes quant aux causes possibles de l’explicitation dans la traduction. Nous présentons d’abord quelques travaux antérieurs qui ont porté sur l’explicitation dans des corpus de langue générale et dans des corpus spécialisés. Notre recherche a ceci de particulier qu’elle porte sur l’explicitation dans un corpus spécialisé, plus particulièrement dans des textes du domaine de l’environnement. L’explicitation est peu étudiée dans les textes spécialisés et, à notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a porté sur l’explicitation dans des textes environnementaux. Pour notre recherche, nous avons élaboré d’abord un corpus de textes anglais-français portant sur l’environnement. Notre corpus a ensuite été aligné au moyen de l’aligneur LogiTerm Pro. Cet aligneur nous permet de créer un corpus aligné qui est utile pour observer les manifestations d’explicitation. Les stratégies d'explicitation identifiées et classées par Pápai (2004) ont servi de base à notre propre classement. Nous avons découvert que les procédés d’explicitation se produisent à cinq niveaux : des relations logiques et visuelles, lexical et grammatical, syntaxiques I et II, textuel et extralinguistique. Le nombre total de procédés d’explicitation que nous avons identifiés est de 13. Le plus grand nombre de cas d’explicitations (445) se situe au niveau lexical et grammatical. Parmi les cas d’explicitations au niveau lexical et grammatical, le remplissage d’ellipses sémantiques présente le nombre le plus élevé de cas (186) dans notre corpus spécialisé. L’explicitation au niveau syntaxique I s’observe dans 173 cas; l’explicitation au niveau des relations logiques et visuelles s’observe dans 101 cas; l’explication au niveau syntaxique II a été relevée dans 50 cas. Enfin, l’explication se produit au niveau textuel et extralinguistique dans 37 cas. Après avoir observé notre corpus et d’après les résultats obtenus, nous avons pu constater que le nombre et la variété d’explicitations étaient élevés dans les traductions anglais-français de textes spécialisés environnementaux. / This work aims to study the explicitation strategies in English-French translations of specialized texts related to the field of environment. More specifically, our goal is to identify the range of these explicitation strategies, analyze and classify them. We will also offer some explanations of possible causes of explicitation in translation. First, we present some previous work on explicitation in general language corpora and in specialized corpora. A particularity of our own research is that it focuses on explicitation in a specialized corpus, more specifically in texts in the field of environment. Explicitation has seldom been studied in specialized texts and, to our knowledge, no study focused on explicitation in environmental texts. For our research, we compiled a corpus of English-French environment texts. Our corpus was then aligned using the aligner LogiTerm Pro. This aligner allows us to create aligned corpora that are useful to observe the linguistic instances of explicitation. The explicitation strategies identified and classified by Pápai (2004) have served as the basis for our own analysis. We found that the explicitation strategies occur at five levels: logical and visual relations, lexical and grammatical, syntactic I and II, textual and extra-linguistic. The total number of explicitation strategies that we have identified is 13. The largest number of explicitation instances (445) occurs on the lexical and grammatical level. Among explicitation instances on the lexical and grammatical level, filling semantic ellipses present the highest number of instances (186) in our specialized corpus. Explicitation on the syntactic level I was observed in 173 instances; explicitation on the logical and visual relations level in 101 instances; explicitation on the syntactic level II was found in 50 instances. Finally, explicitation occurred on the textual and extra-linguistic level in 37 instances. After observing our corpus and according to the results obtained, we have found that the number and variety of instances of explicitation are high in English-French translations of specialized texts in the field of the environment.

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