Bakgrund: Sedan 1930-talet har Sverige varit en nation som öppet välkomnarinvandring och generöst tar emot migranter. Detta ställer specifika krav påsjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal. För att kunna utföra effektiv vård krävsnärvaro, god kommunikation, empati och förståelse. Det är värt att notera attkommunikationen kan påverkas om patienter och sjuksköterskor inte delar ettgemensamt språk. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskorsupplevelser av språkbarriärer inom hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: Detgenomfördes en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna Cinahl ochPubMed användes för att identifiera studier som var peer-reviewed. Däreftergenomgick tio studier en kvalitetsgranskning och analyserades med hjälp av enkvalitativ dataanalys. Resultatet: Efter analysen identifierades tre övergripandekategorier och sex underkategorier. De tre huvudkategorierna benämns:Språkbarriärernas påverkan på vårdkvalitet, vikten att ha tolk och emotionellpåverkan på sjuksköterskan. Konklusion: Litteraturstudien visade attspråkbarriärer påverkar sjuksköterskors förmåga att integrera sig med patienter,skapar utmaningar i kommunikationen och påverkar känslomässig vård.Användning av icke-verbala metoder och tolkar övervinner språkliga hinder.Trotssvårigheter beskrev sjuksköterskorna att vården av patienter som har språkbarriärbidrar till både professionell tillväxt och personlig utveckling. / Since the 1930s, Sweden has been a nation that openly welcomesimmigration and generously receives migrants. This implies specific demands onnurses and other healthcare professionals. To conduct effective care, presence,good communication, empathy, and understanding are required. It is worth notingthat communication may be affected if patients and nurses do not share a commonlanguage. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to illuminate nurses'experiences of language barriers in healthcare. Method: A literature review with aqualitative approach was conducted. The databases Cinahl and PubMed were usedto identify peer-reviewed studies. Subsequently, ten studies underwent qualityassessment and were analyzed using qualitative data analysis. Results: Threemain categories and six subcategories were identified after the analysis. The threemain categories are: The impact of language barriers on healthcare quality, theimportance of having an interpreter, and the emotional impact on the nurse.Conclusion: The literature study revealed that language barriers impact nurses'ability to integrate with patients, create challenges in communication, and affectemotional care. The use of non-verbal methods and interpreters overcomeslinguistic obstacles. Despite difficulties, nurses described that caring for patientswith language barriers contributes to both professional growth and personaldevelopment.

Bakgrund: År 2022 var flyktingsantalet i världen större än någonsin. Enligt svensk lag har flyktingar samt migranter rätt till hälso- och sjukvård precis som patienter med svenskt medborgarskap. Hälso- och sjukvården ska bedrivas på lika villkor och sjuksköterskan har som ansvar att arbeta efter kärnkompetenserna för att ge en god omvårdnad oberoende förekomsten språkligabarriärer.  Syfte: Syftet var beskriva språkbarriärers inverkan på omvårdnad utifrån sjuksköterskan och den immigrerande patientens perspektiv. Metod: Metoden var en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Brukade databaser; Cinahl, PubMed och psycINFO. Sökningen gav 14 resultatartiklar publicerade mellan 2012-2022 som kvalitets-granskades och analyserades med Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet utgörs av tre huvudteman och tio subteman. Patienter med språkligabarriärer upplevde otrygghet i mötet med vården. Språkbarriärerna påverkade kvalitén på omvårdnaden och patientsäkerheten äventyrades. Kulturell kompetens förbättrade kommunikationen, patientsäkerhet och den personcentrerade omvårdnaden.  Slutsats: Språkbarriärer påverkade kvalitén och säkerheten i vården. Bristerna resulterade i vårdskador, ökat lidande, uteblivna eller felaktiga behandlingar, på grund av utebliven information i vårmötet. Den immigrerande patienten löper där med alltid en ökad utsatthet för risker inom vården. Trotts att tolken är den bästa kommunikationsbryggan mellan sjukvården och den immigrerande patienten brukas den med fördel för vården snarare än patienten. / Backgrund: Year 2022, the number of refugees in the world was greater than ever. According to Swedish law, refugees and migrants have right to healthcare as patients with Swedish citizenship, and aims to be provided equally for the entire population. Nurses have the responsibility to provide good care regardless of encountered language barriers. Aim: The purpose was to describe the impact of language barriers on nursing care from the perspective of the nurse and the immigrant patient. Method: The method used was a qualitative literature review with an inductive approach. Article searches were performed in Cinahl, Pubmed and PsycINFO. 14 quality-reviewed articles between 2012-2022 were used and analyzed with Friberg´s 5-step model.  Results: In the results three main themes emerged with ten subthemes. Patients with language barriers experienced anxiety and insecurity when meeting with healthcare providers.  Language barriers jeopardized the quality of  care and patient safety. Cultural competence was important when establishing communication, safer care and person-centered care. Conclusion: Language barriers affected the quality and patient safety.  Medical injuries, increased suffering or incorrect treatments were the consequences. The immigrant patient is constantly at risk. Interpreters were essential in communication with the immigrant patient. Interpreters were mainly used in service for the healthcare system rather than the patient.

This study determined the relationships among English oral communication apprehension, social interest, and locus of control of Far Eastern students, and examined whether differences exist in these variables, compared to gender, age, academic classification, major field of study, employment status, and length of study in the United States. Four instruments, including a demographic questionnaire, the Adapted Personal Report of Communication Apprehension-24 (AFRCA-24), the Social Interest Scale (SIS), and the Rotter's Internal-External (I-E) Scale, were used to collect data from the sample of 240 Far Eastern students enrolled at North Texas State University in the fall semester of 1986.

Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av kommunikation vid amningsstöd till icke svensktalande mödrar. Bakgrund: Amningsstöd är en viktig faktor för att långvarig amning av spädbarn ska fungera. Fungerande kommunikation krävs för att nå ett lyckat resultat av amningsstödet. Den ökade populationen av immigranter i Sverige utmanar hälso- och sjukvården att säkerställa en fungerande kommunikation för god vård. Design: En kvalitativ enkätstudie har genomförts med en deskriptiv design med kvalitativ ansats. Metod: Under februari 2017 deltog 15 sjuksköterskor från fem barnavårdscentraler (BVC) i norra Sverige i studien genom att besvara kvalitativa enkäter med öppna frågor. Den insamlade datan analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av att kommunicera amningsstöd vid språkbarriär samlades i två domäner: 'Sjuksköterskors upplevda kommunikativa möjligheter vid amningsstöd till icke svensktalande mödrar' och 'Sjuksköterskors upplevda kommunikativa begränsningar vid amningsstöd till icke svensktalande mödrar'. I den första domänen redovisades upplevelser av språkets samt kommunikationens betydelse, vilka tillgångar och verktyg sjuksköterskan har för att underlätta kommunikationen och vad som anses viktigt att beakta vid kommunikation om amningsstöd. I den andra domänen lyftes upplevelser av vilka hinder som fanns för god kommunikation vid språkbarriärer, vilken negativ påverkan brist på styrkor och resurser upplevdes ha samt vilka negativa följder moderns anhöriga upplevdes kunna ha på kommunikationen. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av vilka möjligheter och begränsningar det finns för fungerande kommunikation vid amningsstöd tydliggör befintliga resurser och förbättringsområden.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Språkbarriärer i hälso- och sjukvården har blivit alltmer förekommande då invandringen och migrationen ökat. Vikten av Kommunikation, jämlik vård, patientsäkerhet och patienters erfaranheter framförs. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av språkbarriärer i vården. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt genomfördes enligt Fribergs (2017) analysmodell. 10 vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades varav 9 var kvalitativa och en kvantitativ artikel. Artiklar hämtades från databaserna PUBMED, CINAHL Complete och Medline med följande sökord: nurse perception, nurse-patient-relations, nurse experience och language barriers. Resultat: Resultatet visade att vårdkvaliteten påverkades negativt av språkbarriärer, resultatet påvisade även risk för patientsäkerheten. Sjuksköterskor tillämpade olika sätt för att besegra språkhindren. Litteraturstudiens resultat presenteras utifrån dessa huvudkategorier: språkbarriärer leder till osäkerhet, frustration och oro, att kommunicera genom tolk, att tala samma språk och alternativa kommunikationsmedel. Sammanfattning: I denna litteraturöversikt har sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av språkbarriärer i vården belysts samt hur det påverkar omvårdnaden. För att uppnå jämlikhet och kunna ge personcentrerad vård till patienter så bör sjuksköterskan ha en kulturell kompetens samt förstå innebörden av kulturell omvårdnad. Det är viktigt att kunna utbilda framtida sjuksköterskor och etablerade sjuksköterskor om språkbarriärer samt om mångkulturell omvårdnad. / Background: Language barriers in health care have become increasingly common as immigration and migration have increased. The importance of communication, equal care, patient safety and patient’s experiences of language barriers are presented. Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to shed light on nurse’s experiences of language barriers in care. Method: A general literature review was conducted according to Fribergs (2017) analysis model. 10 scientific articles were analyzed of which 9 were qualitative and one quantitative article. Articles were retrieved from the databases PUBMED, CINAHL Complete and Medline with the following keywords: nurse perception, nurse-patient-relations, nurse experience and language barriers. Results: The results showed that the quality of care was negatively affected by language barriers and risked patient safety. Nurses applied different ways to overcome language barriers. The results of the literature study are presented based on these main categories: Language barriers lead to uncertainty, frustration and anxiety, to communicate through an interpreter, to speak the same language and alternative means of communication. Summary: In this literature review, nurses' experiences of language barriers in care have been highlighted, as well as how it affects nursing. In order to achieve equality and be able to provide person-centered care to these patients, the nurse should have a cultural competence and be able to understand the meaning of cultural nursing. It is important to be able to train future nurses and established nurses about language barriers and about multicultural nursing.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaat of 'n hulpverleningsprogram die laerskoolleerder wat taalhindemisse ervaar kan help om sy probleme op 'n kreatiewe wyse te benader. 'n Algemene oorsig van leerhindemisse wat laerskoolleerders ervaar, is gegee. lndien 'n leerder taalhindernisse ervaar, sal dit 'n direkte invloed op sy ander skoolvakke ook he omdat taal vir die leeraksie benodig word. Die kreatiwiteitsbegrip is ook van naderby beskou. Kreatiwiteit kan as die skep van iets wat oorspronklik, maar ook bruikbaar is, gedefinieer word. Dit sluit egter ook die Ie van ongewone verbande tussen twee of meer sake of voorwerpe in. Die program wat ontwikkel is, het as onderbou die teorie oor taalintelligensie van Howard Gardner, 'n opvoedkundige sielkundige aan Harvard Universiteit. Gardner meen dit is deur 'n kreatiewe ingesteldheid, multisensoriese tegnieke en gepaste leerstyle rnoontlik om taalintelligensie teverbeter. Hy is van mening dat taalintelligensie nie iets is wat op 'n bepaalde tydstip gemeet kan word en onveranderd bly nie. Soos met alle intellektuele vermoens, kan taalvaardighede ook uitgebrei en ontwikkel word. Beproefde remedierende tegnieke, wat reeds deur die navorser in die praktyk met welslae uitgetoets is, is op 'n vars, nuwe manier .in die hulpverleningsprogram gebruik. Die hulpverleningsprogram het op die verbetering van perseptuele, mondelinge stelwerk-,lees- en spellingvaardighede gefokus. Dit het gedurende die empiriese studie duidelik geword dat leerders wat op 'n bepaalde leergebied nie na wense presteer nie, dikwels 'n "sielkundige blokkasie" ten opsigte van daardie leerareas ontwikkel. Hulle assosieer Jaasgenoemde in die meeste gevalle met leeronvermoe en leermislukking. Die enigste manier om hierdie gevoel van leermagteloosheid aan te spreek, is om die problematiese leerareas met 'n minder ernstige akademiese aanslag, waarin die pret-element sterk aanwesig is, te benader. Wanneer die leeraksie as 'n aangename ondervindingervaar word, kan leerders hulle leervrese aanspreek en meer waagmoedig begin optree. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the success of an innovative support programme aimed at assisting primary school learners with language barriers to overcome these. An overview was given of learning barriers primary school learners may experience. A learner with a language barrier will find that the other learning areas are negatively influenced because language is essential for learning. The concept of creativity, defined as the creation of something original, yet useful, was adhered to. It included the idea that creativity allows for the connecting of unrelated issues or objects. The theories of Howard Gardner, an educational psychologist at Harvard University, concerning language intelligence, supported this study. According to Gardner it is possible to improve language intelligence through creative awareness, multi-sensory techniques and appropriate learning styles. Gardner postulates that language, as in the case of other intellectual abilities, can be developed and expanded. Remedial techniques successfully used by the researcher in practice, have been presented in this support programme in a novel and innovative form. The creative support programme compiled for this thesis focused on the 1 improvement of perceptual, oral, reading and spelling skills. The need for a more informal support approach was evident in the empirical research of this study. Learners sometimes develop a "psychological block" when experiencing repeated difficulties in a specific learning area. Such learners associate these difficulties with failures and the inability to learn. In order to overcome the experience of learning dispair, the feelings of anxiety associated with the problem learning area, have to be replaced with a less rigid approach in which play encourages feelings of enjoyment and ease. When learning becomes a pleasant experience, learners start overcoming their fears and become risk takers. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Within medical facilities in South Africa, including the Western Cape, language barriers often exist between healthcare professionals and their patients. This can cause a barrier to efficient patient treatment. In order to address this problem, educational institutions in the Western Cape have started to introduce Xhosa language facilitation for healthcare professionals. In order to facilitate the learning of this additional language, the use of e-learning as a complement to traditional classroom lectures was investigated. The students who participated in this Xhosa language facilitation were specifically identified. This study was quantitative in nature and questionnaires were used. It was concluded that the combination of lectures and the complementary e-learning component helps to improve the student’s ability to learn an additional language, in this case Xhosa. Recommendations were made that would possibly alleviate the problem of language barriers in healthcare settings in the Western Cape. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaat of 'n hulpverleningsprogram die laerskoolleerder wat taalhindemisse ervaar kan help om sy probleme op 'n kreatiewe wyse te benader. 'n Algemene oorsig van leerhindemisse wat laerskoolleerders ervaar, is gegee. lndien 'n leerder taalhindernisse ervaar, sal dit 'n direkte invloed op sy ander skoolvakke ook he omdat taal vir die leeraksie benodig word. Die kreatiwiteitsbegrip is ook van naderby beskou. Kreatiwiteit kan as die skep van iets wat oorspronklik, maar ook bruikbaar is, gedefinieer word. Dit sluit egter ook die Ie van ongewone verbande tussen twee of meer sake of voorwerpe in. Die program wat ontwikkel is, het as onderbou die teorie oor taalintelligensie van Howard Gardner, 'n opvoedkundige sielkundige aan Harvard Universiteit. Gardner meen dit is deur 'n kreatiewe ingesteldheid, multisensoriese tegnieke en gepaste leerstyle rnoontlik om taalintelligensie teverbeter. Hy is van mening dat taalintelligensie nie iets is wat op 'n bepaalde tydstip gemeet kan word en onveranderd bly nie. Soos met alle intellektuele vermoens, kan taalvaardighede ook uitgebrei en ontwikkel word. Beproefde remedierende tegnieke, wat reeds deur die navorser in die praktyk met welslae uitgetoets is, is op 'n vars, nuwe manier .in die hulpverleningsprogram gebruik. Die hulpverleningsprogram het op die verbetering van perseptuele, mondelinge stelwerk-,lees- en spellingvaardighede gefokus. Dit het gedurende die empiriese studie duidelik geword dat leerders wat op 'n bepaalde leergebied nie na wense presteer nie, dikwels 'n "sielkundige blokkasie" ten opsigte van daardie leerareas ontwikkel. Hulle assosieer Jaasgenoemde in die meeste gevalle met leeronvermoe en leermislukking. Die enigste manier om hierdie gevoel van leermagteloosheid aan te spreek, is om die problematiese leerareas met 'n minder ernstige akademiese aanslag, waarin die pret-element sterk aanwesig is, te benader. Wanneer die leeraksie as 'n aangename ondervindingervaar word, kan leerders hulle leervrese aanspreek en meer waagmoedig begin optree. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the success of an innovative support programme aimed at assisting primary school learners with language barriers to overcome these. An overview was given of learning barriers primary school learners may experience. A learner with a language barrier will find that the other learning areas are negatively influenced because language is essential for learning. The concept of creativity, defined as the creation of something original, yet useful, was adhered to. It included the idea that creativity allows for the connecting of unrelated issues or objects. The theories of Howard Gardner, an educational psychologist at Harvard University, concerning language intelligence, supported this study. According to Gardner it is possible to improve language intelligence through creative awareness, multi-sensory techniques and appropriate learning styles. Gardner postulates that language, as in the case of other intellectual abilities, can be developed and expanded. Remedial techniques successfully used by the researcher in practice, have been presented in this support programme in a novel and innovative form. The creative support programme compiled for this thesis focused on the 1 improvement of perceptual, oral, reading and spelling skills. The need for a more informal support approach was evident in the empirical research of this study. Learners sometimes develop a "psychological block" when experiencing repeated difficulties in a specific learning area. Such learners associate these difficulties with failures and the inability to learn. In order to overcome the experience of learning dispair, the feelings of anxiety associated with the problem learning area, have to be replaced with a less rigid approach in which play encourages feelings of enjoyment and ease. When learning becomes a pleasant experience, learners start overcoming their fears and become risk takers. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Within medical facilities in South Africa, including the Western Cape, language barriers often exist between healthcare professionals and their patients. This can cause a barrier to efficient patient treatment. In order to address this problem, educational institutions in the Western Cape have started to introduce Xhosa language facilitation for healthcare professionals. In order to facilitate the learning of this additional language, the use of e-learning as a complement to traditional classroom lectures was investigated. The students who participated in this Xhosa language facilitation were specifically identified. This study was quantitative in nature and questionnaires were used. It was concluded that the combination of lectures and the complementary e-learning component helps to improve the student’s ability to learn an additional language, in this case Xhosa. Recommendations were made that would possibly alleviate the problem of language barriers in healthcare settings in the Western Cape. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)