Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sociolinguistique et de l’anthropologie linguistique. De nature descriptive et qualitative, elle porte sur la commutation de code entre les langues ouïghoure et chinoise. L’étude se base sur un corpus composé de données ethnographiques, linguistiques et conversationnelles, recueillies entre 2012 et 2013 dans la ville de Ürümchi, capitale de la Région Autonome du Xinjiang, à travers des observations de terrain et d’enregistrements de conversations spontanées.L’analyse porte sur les caractéristiques structurelles de la commutation de code, sur ses aspects pragmatiques et socio-culturels ainsi que sur la valeur idéologique de cette pratique linguistique. La nature complexe du phénomène et le contexte historique et politique de la région du Xinjiang nous ont conduite à insérer les phénomènes de commutation de code dans une dimension interdisciplinaire. Par conséquent, l’étude prend en compte différents facteurs, micro- et macro-, de nature politique et sociale : les politiques linguistiques menées par le gouvernement chinois, la relation diglossique entre le ouïghour et le chinois, les caractéristiques urbaines de la ville de Ürümchi et les relations ethniques entre Ouïghours et Chinois Han. L’étude a donc pour objectif la présentation de la commutation de code ouïghour-chinois en tant que pratique langagière complexe, dans laquelle entrent en jeu les traits structurels des deux langues, les besoins interactionnels, les changements culturels et sociaux, ainsi que les dynamiques identitaires. / This thesis is related to the field of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Its nature is descriptive and qualitative and deals with code switching between Uyghur and Chinese. The study is based on a corpus made of ethnographic, linguistic and conversational data, gathered in the city of Ürümchi, capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 2012 and 2013, through field observations and recording of spontaneous conversation. The analyses focus on the structural characteristics of code switching, on its pragmatic and sociocultural aspects, as well as on the ideological value of this language practice. Because of the complex nature of the phenomenon as well as the historical and political context of Xinjiang region, this study inserts Uyghur-Chinese code switching in an interdisciplinary dimension. Therefore, it takes into account different factors, micro- and macro- of political and social nature, within them language policies brought by the government, the diglossic relations between Uyghur and Chinese, Ürümchi urban characteristics and the ethnic relationships between Uyghurs and Han Chinese. The study aims at presenting Uyghur-Chinese code switching as a complex language practice, in which come into play structural features, cultural and social changes, as well as construction identity dynamics.

Die folgende Dissertation, die im Mai 2016 verteidigt wurde, beschäftigt sich mit sprachlichen Manifestationen von Genderkonzeptualisierungen im aktuellen schriftlichen Sprachgebrauch in Kroatien. Die Bedeutung von Genderzuschreibungen für die Benennung von Menschen wird sowohl aus synchroner als auch aus diachroner Perspektive auf Sprache betrachtet und analysiert. Das Material dieser Studie besteht neben sprachlichen und präskriptiven Quellen aus Tageszeitungen und linguistischem Material aus der kroatischen feministisch-queeren Gemeinschaft auch aus den Ergebnissen einer umfassenden Perzeptionsstudie und Expert*inneninterviews. Die Arbeit befasst sich mit drei zentralen Fragen: 1. Wie beeinflussen soziale Gendervorstellungen Fragen linguistischer Standardisierungsprozesse und wie werden diese Vorstellungen zudem in dominante Diskurse über Korrektheit im Sprachgebrauch eingeschrieben? 2. Welche Wirkung auf Genderkonzeptionen haben Sprachnormen im Bereich der personalen Appellation und welche kognitive Wirkung haben alternative Benennungsformen? 3. Welche Bedeutung haben Fragen des geschlechtergerechten Sprachgebrauchs bei politischen und aktivistischen Bemühungen von Genderexpert*innen in Kroatien und welche Strategien verwenden kroatische Genderexpert*innen, um eine diskriminierende Sprachnutzung zu vermeiden? / This dissertation thesis, which was defended in May 2016, deals with linguistic manifestations of gender conceptualizations in current written language usage in Croatia. The importance of gender for the linguistic naming of people is considered and analyzed from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective on language. In addition to linguistic and prescriptive sources, the material of this study consists of daily newspapers and material from the Croatian feminist-queer community as well as oft he results of a perception study and expert inteviews. The thesis deals with three central questions: 1. How do social gender conceptions influence questions of linguistic standardization processes and how are these conceptions inscribed in dominant discourses about correctness in language use? 2. What effect do linguistic norms have on gendered conceptions of people and what is the cognitive effect of alternative naming practices? 3. What meaning is allocated to questions of gender-fair language use in political and activist efforts of gender experts in Croatia and what strategies do Croatian gender experts use to avoid discriminatory language use?

This thesis presents a research of a family language management in four Czech-English families in Lancashire. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews, it examines various aspects of language ideology and language policy, language use, and the way of teaching and language acquisition of Czech language within the families. The first chapter introduces theoretical findings and essential ideas for the research. The second chapter describes the process of the research, provides information on the examined families, and presents the research questions. The third chapter describes the processing and analysis of interviews, and the fourth presents research results and answers the research questions. The aim of this thesis was to describe and analyse the mentioned aspects of family language management and based on this analysis show how the families approach bilingual education of their children.

博士課程単位取得論文(社会学研究科) / 2冊 / 一橋大学

The study deals with the purism as language ideology. After critical analysis of basic concepts (language cultivating, ideology, language ideology) there are standard language ideology and purism ideology presented. The crucial part of the study consists of: 1. analysis of the evaluation of purism in the contributions on language cultivating in the journals Slovo a slovesnost and Naše řeč from 1949 to 1968, 2. analysis of purism ideology in these contributions.

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This thesis aims to explain the ideological characteristics of China’s language laws. Using theoretical definitions of language ideology, the study analysed two language provisions, China’s national language law and the language law of Guangdong province, with the goal of understanding the ideology of China’s language policy. The strong status of Cantonese and its role as a marker of identity in Guangdong can be seen as standing in contrast to the overall language goals of the state, as part of a possible struggle between localism and nationalism. The analysis found that both regulations contain articles that are indicative of nationalist language ideology, although differences between the regulations and the different forms of ideologies exist.

No description available.

No description available.

Based on the accounts by four elder speakers of the Swedish minority language Meänkieli, given in October 2020, this study investigates the attitudes and sentiments among elder speakers of Meänkieli towards the languages they speak. The participants have migrated as young adults from the Torne Valley, where Meänkieli is traditionally spoken, to places in Sweden where their language use has been restricted by the lack of Meänkieli domains. The testimonies have been collected via semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic analysis, taking perspectives from theories on language ideology, linguistic identity and linguistic biography, revealing how the participants' linguistic personas and repertoires have taken form throughout their lives, alongside their life experiences.  The results show that the participants highly value their multilingualism, and that their language use is a deliberate as well as subconscious tool for expression and affirmation of identity and belonging. It is also shown that the languages often are associated with discrete chronological and geographical parts of the participants' lives. Furthermore, have the participants not passed Meänkieli on to their children, due to the lack of parental strategies and learner motivation, showcasing the importance of linguistic context and child agency in language acquisition. Future research would benefit from inclusion of a wider spectrum of social class, and from testimonies of the children of migrated Meänkieli speakers to complement the parental perspective, in order to further investigate the factors behind language shift outside of a minority language's domains. / Baserat på berättelserna från fyra äldre talare av det svenska minoritetsspråket meänkieli, givna i intervjuer i oktober 2020, undersöker denna studie äldre meänkieli-talares attityder och känslor gentemot de språk de talar. Som unga vuxna har studiens deltagare flyttat från Tornedalen, där meänkieli traditionellt talas, till platser i Sverige där användandet av meänkieli begränsats av förlusten av språkdomäner. Berättelserna är inhämtade genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer, och är analyserade med hjälp av tematisk analys med perspektiv hämtade från språkideologier, språklig identitet och språklig biografi, för att påvisa hur deltagarnas språkliga personor och repertoarer har formats under deras liv och genom deras upplevelser. Resultaten visar att deltagarna sätter stort värde på sin flerspråkighet, och att de både medvetet och undermedvetet använder språken för att uttrycka och befästa språklig identitet och tillhörighet. Vidare visas hur språken ofta associeras med väldefinierade kronologiska och geografiska delar av deltagarnas liv. Deltagarna har inte fört meänkieli vidare till sina barn med anledning av brist på strategier från föräldrarna och barnens motivation att lära, vilket belyser relevansen av den språkliga omgivningen och barnets delaktighet i språkinlärningen. För att ytterligare förstå drivkrafterna bakom språkskiften utanför ett minoritetsspråks domäner skulle framtida undersökningar gynnas av att ett bredare spektrum av sociala klasser inkluderas, och av att barn till utflyttade meänkielitalare får komplettera sina föräldrars perspektiv med sina egna skildringar.