A linguagem oral e as habilidades do processamento fonológico, consciência fonológica, memória fonológica e acesso rápido ao léxico, são pré-requisitos para a aquisição da linguagem escrita. Dessa forma, crianças com dificuldades na aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e/ou dificuldades em uma ou mais habilidades do processamento fonológico, podem ser consideradas como de risco para dificuldades de leitura, mesmo esta criança estando, ainda, na idade pré-escolar. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de elaborar, aplicar e analisar um programa de intervenção de decodificação fonológica para crianças com risco para dificuldade de leitura. Participaram desse estudo 30 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades de seis anos a sete anos e 11 meses. Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental, na qual o grupo estudado de crianças com risco para dificuldade de leitura (formado por 10 crianças), foi submetido ao programa de intervenção de decodificação fonológica, para a comparação com o grupo controle de crianças com risco para dificuldade de leitura (formado por 10 crianças) e com o grupo controle de crianças sem risco para dificuldade de leitura (formado por 10 crianças), não submetidos ao programa de intervenção. O programa foi elaborado a partir da proposta de intervenção utilizada por Rivers, Lombardino e Thompson e por Rivers e Lombardino, o programa contém 24 sessões, sendo que as 12 primeiras sessões são realizadas em grupos de 2 a 3 crianças e as demais individualmente, as sessões apresentaram duração de 50 minutos e foram realizadas duas vezes por semana. Foram desenvolvidas habilidades como: nomeação e produção do som das letras na forma maiúscula e minúscula; consciência fonológica no nível de consciência de palavras e sílabas, e no nível de consciência fonêmica; leitura com objetivo de compreensão de pequenos livros; leitura de palavras monossilábicas de estrutura silábica do tipo consoante-vogal-consoante. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças com risco para dificuldade de leitura, submetidas ao programa de intervenção de decodificação fonológica, demonstraram melhora na avaliação após intervenção estatisticamente significativa para o desempenho das habilidades de: nomeação de letras; relação grafema-fonema; consciência fonológica; memória de trabalho fonológica para não palavras; memória de trabalho fonológica para dígitos na ordem direta; escrita do alfabeto em sequência; escrita sob ditado de palavras e pseudopalavras; leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras. Portanto, o Programa de Intervenção de Decodificação Fonológica mostrou ser um instrumento benéfico para a intervenção de crianças com risco para dificuldade de leitura, visto que aprimorou as habilidades estimuladas (nomeação de letras, associação letra-som/grafema-fonemas, consciência fonológica e leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras), e, também, aprimorou as habilidades de memória de trabalho fonológica e de escrita de palavras e pseudopalavras, que não foram diretamente estimuladas pelo programa. / The oral language and phonological processing skills, phonological awareness, phonological memory and fast access to the lexicon, are prerequisites for the acquisition of written language. Thus, children with difficulties in the acquisition and development of oral language and/or difficulties in one or more of phonological processing skills may be considered at risk for reading difficulties, the same child is standing still in preschool. The purpose of this study was to elaborate, apply and analyze a program of phonological decoding in children at risk for reading difficulties. Participated in this study were 30 children of both genders, with aged six and seven years and 11 months. This is an experimental study in which the studied group of children at risk for reading difficulties (formed by 10 children) underwent the phonological decoding intervention program, for comparison with the control group of children at risk for reading difficulty (formed by 10 children) and the control group of children without risk for reading difficulties (formed by 10 children), not submitted to the intervention program. The program was elaborated from the intervention proposal used by Rivers, Lombardino and Thompson and Rivers and Lombardino, the program contains 24 sessions, wherein the first 12 sessions were performed in groups of 2 to 3 children and other sessions were conducted individually, the sessions had 50 minutes and were held twice a week. Skills have been developed such as: naming and production of the sounds of the letters in uppercase and lowercase form; phonological awareness at the level of consciousness of words and syllables, and the level of phonemic awareness; reading with the aim of understanding of small books; read monosyllabic words syllable structure type consonant-vowel-consonant. The results revealed that children at risk for reading difficulty, submitted to phonological decoding intervention program showed improvement in the evaluation after intervention statistically significant for the performance of skills: naming letters; grapheme-phoneme relationship; phonological awareness; phonological memory to not words; phonological memory for digits in the forward; writing the alphabet in sequence; written under dictation of words and pseudowords; reading words and pseudowords. Therefore, the phonological decoding intervention program showed to be a beneficial tool for intervention of children at risk for reading difficulty, since was increased of the skills stimulated (naming letters, letter-sound association / grapheme-phoneme, phonological awareness and reading words and pseudowords), and also increased the working memory phonological and writing words and pseudo skills that were not stimulated directly by the program.

O sucesso de uma educação com qualidade compreende vários fatores que se relacionam e se somam para um processo educativo significativo, entre eles: estrutura física e financeira, políticas públicas de educação e formação profissional de qualidade. O professor trabalha com alunos que apresentam diferentes perfis e que por isso aprendem de formas diversas. Em meio a diversidade estão aqueles alunos que apresentam Distúrbios Específicos de Aprendizagem. Por isso, uma questão importante diz respeito a: como o professor constrói seus conhecimentos para atender as necessidades educacionais desse aluno? Ainda: diante de um cenário de sala de aula com diversas necessidades, o que norteia suas práticas e o que é modificado nas mesmas quando encontram um aluno com algum Distúrbio Específico de Aprendizagem? Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo elaborar e aplicar um programa de formação profissional sobre os distúrbios específicos de aprendizagem para aprofundar os conhecimentos teóricos e práticos, de professores de 1º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental, aferidos a partir de um questionário prévio. Para tanto, foi oportunizado um curso de Atualização para professores de 58 horas com a temática sobre os Distúrbios Específicos de Aprendizagem. Após a intervenção, por meio do curso de atualização no processo de formação continuada, houve significativa mudança na fala dos professores quanto aos conhecimentos e práticas em sala de aula, evidenciando a importância de uma formação profissional que contribua para a discussão e conhecimentos sobre o tema Distúrbios Específicos de Aprendizagem, tanto no modo inicial como continuado. / The success of a quality education comprises several factors that are related and added to a significant educational process, among them: physical and financial structure, public education policies and professional quality training. The teacher works with students who have different profiles, and learn of various forms. In the midst of the diversity are those students that present Specific Learning Disorders. Therefore, an important issue concerns: how the teacher build their knowledge to meet the educational needs of this student? Besides: in a classroom setting with diverse needs, what guides teachers practice and what is modified when they find a student with a Specific Learning Disorder? Thus, the present study aimed to develop and apply a program of professional training on the specific learning disorders to deepen theoretical and practical knowledge of teachers from 1st to 5th grade of elementary school, measured from a prior questionnaire. So, it was provided an update course for teachers of 58 hours with the theme of the Specific Learning Disorders. After the intervention, the course of continuous formation process update, there was significant improving in the teacher´s speech about the practices in the classroom, highlighting the importance of professional training to contribute to the discussion and knowledge on the subject of Specific Learning Disorders, both in initial mode as in continued mode.

The call of the recent Regular Education Initiative for special educators to provide support services to regular classroom teachers is echoing loud and clear in core subject areas (e.g., History and Social Studies). Special educators need to know the best methods for instructing learning and behaviorally disordered populations prior to transmitting the information to regular classroom teachers. This study asked questions about the relative effectiveness and efficiency of two instructional procedures: Direct Instruction with visual displays and Direct Instruction without visual displays. These were used to bring about the acquisition, maintenance and generalization of basic historical information for 41 learning and behaviorally handicapped youngsters. Subjects were from 12-15 years of age, I.Q.'s in 80-100 range, and attended special education non-public schools. Thirteen teachers were trained to implement four Direct Instruction lessons about George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Fourth of July and Thanksgiving. Although significant learning occurred, results indicated there were no statistically significant differences in learning as a result of the two approaches. The implications for use or non-use of visual displays in teaching content area material are discussed.

No description available.

One of the main ways in which children learn skills, such as reading and writing, and develop creativity and sociability, is through play. Researchers are thus exploring gamification, namely the use of typical game elements in different and non-gaming contexts, including the educational one. Gamification is a methodology that originates from computer and serious games, and aims at redesigning activities to be more engaging, thus also developing intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, gamification has proven effective both with typically developing children and with children with Special Educational Needs (SEN). Given that the current situation firmly indicates the need to engage and captivate learners, the present research aims to investigate whether gamification can improve motivation and reading and writing skills, in 8-to-10-years-old children. The design consists in comparing the effects of gamified Applications to that of equivalent, traditional pen-and-paper activities, in mixed and non-specific school groups. Furthermore, the effects are compared to those of an individualised clinical treatment for children with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) — Developmental Dyslexia and Dysorthography in particular — using the same gamified Applications. In fact, although the neurocognitive causes of Developmental Dyslexia and Dysorthography are still hotly debated, researchers agree that the main challenge consists in the intervention, that is how to improve children’s reading and writing fluency and accuracy while keeping motivation high. Consequently, the research consisted of two studies. In the first study (Study A), a 12-hour gamified training at school was compared with an equivalent pen-and-paper training, both aimed at exploring the efficacy of gamified Applications and traditional activities purposefully designed to enhance linguistic skills (i.e., reading accuracy, reading speed, and writing accuracy). The results of this study showed significant improvements in linguistic fluency and correctness for both groups, with non-significantly greater effect of the experimental gamified training. Students belonging to the experimental groups also reported greater appreciation of the activities, although motivation did not act as a mediator for performance improvements in any of the groups considered. The second study (Study B) aimed to explore whether improvements, after the use of gamified Applications, differ among children with neurotypical development, children with SLD, children with unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorders, and bilingual children. Assessments upon training completion indicated greater improvements, even if not in a significant way, in reading and writing correctness in children with SLD, suggesting that an individualised and personalised training, designed on specific difficulties, can lead to major results. Also, participants in Study B reported to have highest degree fun during the activities, but motivation did not act as a mediator for improvements in performance either. Gameful experience of the participants in both studies was also investigated through a questionnaire, the responses of which were related to improvements in learning performance. Results were not significant, but interestingly the aspects that were positively associated with learning outcomes were those related to competition and social experience dimensions, although they were the least present within the Applications used. Overall findings highlighted promising effects of the training programs on children’s linguistic skills and grade of engagement, emphasising the importance of integrated training and opening to future studies investigating the effects of gamified Applications on other skills and motivational aspects.

Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without a learning disorder (LD) and a control group of clinically referred individuals with behavioral problems were compared on four neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functioning. Test results were collected to examine if ADHD individuals with and without LD have deficits in frontal lobe functioning. Two age groups were used to examine developmental differences. In the six to ten age group there were 27 ADHD, 17 ADHD/LD and seven other clinically referred individuals. In the 11 -20 age group there were 12 ADHD, 23 ADHD/LD and 24 other clinically referred individuals. The ADHD and ADHD/LD groups performed at a lower level than the other diagnostic group on the freedom from distractibility factor of the WISC-R and the omission and commission errors of the Gordon Diagnostic system. Differences for the ADHD and ADHD/LD groups were also found on the number of correct responses for the Gordon Diagnostic system, the Speech Sounds test and the Seashore Rhythm test. The developmental differences that were found were not influenced by diagnosis. The deficits that the ADHD individuals with and without LD demonstrated were not affected by age.

To investigate the effects of attribution retraining under conditions of intermittent success and failure, 14 helpless subjects were given 15 days of treatment in one of two procedures. Except for the attribution of all failures to lack of effort in the attribution retraining condition, the two procedures were identical in all respects. After training, both groups showed significant and equivalent improvement in reactions to failure, suggesting that intermittent success and failure increase the persistence of helpless children, rather than attribution retraining as suggested by Dweck (1975). Recommendations included follow-up studies and exploration of the attributional patterns of children under conditions of intermittent success and failure.

A expressão transtornos de aprendizagem pode ser encontrada tanto no Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-IV, 2000) quanto na Classificação Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10, 1993) obras de referência, no Brasil, na taxonomia dos ditos transtornos ou distúrbios psicológicos. Esses textos apresentam em seu conteúdo a descrição de uma sintomatologia e diagnóstico diferencial de perturbações que se manifestariam pela primeira vez na infância ou adolescência. Dentre esses problemas estão os que envolvem os processos de aprendizagem e/ou escolarização. Parte da nomenclatura nosográfica utilizada nessas obras aparece incorporada ao discurso de alguns educadores para designar entraves vivenciados pelos alunos na escola, silenciando em categorias o que é considerado inadequado no comportamento desses sujeitos. Neste trabalho de doutorado, procuramos analisar, sob uma ótica foucaultiana, diferentes formas de articulação entre saber e poder como fundamentação para o surgimento de conceitos e orientação de uma práxis. Buscaremos traçar, especialmente, uma genealogia do emprego do discurso psiquiátrico no campo da educação, partindo do pressuposto de que existe uma correspondência imaginária entre loucura e fracasso escolar, o que será demonstrado por meio do estudo dos desdobramentos desta relação em algumas práticas pedagógicas, sobretudo a escrita de relatórios sobre alunos que vão mal na escola. Na primeira parte da tese, estudaremos como as afecções hoje entendidas como transtornos de aprendizagem descendem de categorias que ao longo do século XIX (o qual assistiu o surgimento da psiquiatria moderna e da psicologia experimental) eram consideradas um tipo de loucura na forma de idiotia e imbecilidade. Visamos destacar como o uso de procedimentos pedagógicos tomados como terapia ou profilaxia dos transtornos mentais permitiu a importação do discurso psiquiátrico para as instituições escolares. Na segunda parte, à luz do conceito de poder psiquiátrico formulado por Foucault, analisaremos o solo epistemológico e as forças que permitem a circulação de um discurso médico e psicológico acerca dos fenômenos escolares. A última parte da tese versará sobre formas como se tecem as tramas entre loucura, doença mental, transtorno psicológico, inadequação de comportamento, discurso psiquiátrico e insucesso escolar. Para exemplificar esse movimento partiremos da análise documental e de relatórios de educadores e profissionais de saúde sobre alunos com supostos problemas de aprendizagem produzidos estes no âmbito de um serviço de Saúde Escolar, localizado num município da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e coletados em Pesquisa de Campo realizada entre 2007 e 2010. Esse material será analisado dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa, na perspectiva de Albuquerque (1986) e Maingueneau (1997, 2008a, 2008b) de análise do discurso institucional. Ao término deste trabalho demonstraremos como a circulação do discurso psiquiátrico no campo da educação gera o esvaziamento do ato educativo, e é por ele alimentado. / The expression learning disorders may be found both in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, 2000) and in the International Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (DSM-IV, 2000) reference works, in Brazil, in the taxonomy of then so-called psychological disorders or disabilities. In their content, these texts present the description of symptoms and differential diagnosis of \"disorder\" that would appear for the first time in childhood or adolescence. Among these \"problems\" are those that involve the processes of learning and / or schooling. Part of the nosographic nomenclature used in these works are incorporated in the discourse of some educators to refer to barriers experienced by students in school, hiding in categories what is considered \"inappropriate\" behavior in these subjects. In this doctoral work, we analyze, from a Foucauldian perspective, different forms of articulation between knowledge and power as the basis for the emergence of concepts and guidance of praxis. We will try to draw, especially, one genealogy of the use of psychiatric discourse in education, on the assumption that there is an imaginary correspondence between madness and school failure, which will be demonstrated through the study of the consequences of this relationship in some teaching practices, especially writing reports on students who \"do poorly in school.\" In the first part of the thesis we will study how the diseases - nowadays understood as \"learning disorders\" come from categories that throughout the nineteenth century (which saw the emergence of modern psychiatry and experimental psychology) were considered a kind of madness in the form of idiocy and imbecility. We aim to highlight how the use of pedagogical practices taken as therapy or prophylaxis of mental disorders has allowed the introduction of psychiatric discourse to the schools. In the second part, in the light of the concept of psychiatric power formulated by Foucault, we will analyze the epistemological ground and the forces that allow the circulation of a medical and psychological discourse about school phenomena. The last part of the thesis will focus on the ways madness, mental illness, psychological disorder, \"inappropriate\" behavior, school failure and psychiatric discourse are produced. To exemplify this movement, we will use the analysis of documents and the reports about students with alleged learning problems that were produced as part of a school health service, located in a town of the metropolitan region of São Paulo, and collected from field research conducted between 2007 and 2010. This material will be analyzed in a qualitative approach, under the perspective of Albuquerque (1986) and Maingueneau (1997, 2008a, 2008b) of institutional analysis of discourse.At the end of this work, we will demonstrate how the circulation of the psychiatric speech in the field of education produces the emptying of the educative act and nurtures itself.

O distúrbio de aprendizagem (DA) é um transtorno de origem neurobiológica caracterizado por falhas no processamento cognitivo-linguístico, auditivo e visual que prejudicam, principalmente, as habilidades de leitura, escrita e raciocínio matemático. Estudos reforçam a necessidade da intervenção fonoaudiológica dirigida à população com DA. Como alternativa para o tratamento do DA são adotados os programas de remediação fonológica que visam o treino de habilidades metalinguísticas e o ensino da relação letra-som necessários para a aprendizagem do sistema de escrita. A literatura ainda reforça o uso de estratégias não somente fonológicas, mas que envolvam diretamente a leitura e a escrita. Considerando o exposto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de um programa de remediação fonológica associado à leitura e escrita em escolares com DA e verificar a aplicabilidade dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos Corticais (PEAC-P1-N1-P2) como indicadores de evolução terapêutica. Foram selecionados 20 escolares na faixa etária de 8 a 14 anos, de ambos os gêneros, diagnosticados com DA por equipe interdisciplinar da FOB-USP. Os participantes foram divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo Experimental (10 escolares) e Grupo Controle (10 escolares). O GE foi submetido ao programa de remediação para comparação com escolares do GC que inicialmente não receberam a intervenção. Foram realizadas avaliações pré e pós a aplicação do programa de remediação para verificar o desempenho cognitivo-linguístico dos participantes nas habilidades do processamento fonológico, leitura (velocidade e compreensão), escrita (palavras, pseudopalavras e produção textual), memória auditiva e visual. As atividades do programa de remediação foram aplicadas em 24 sessões. Os atendimentos foram individuais, realizados 2 vezes por semana, com duração de 50 minutos. Os resultados revelaram que o desempenho cognitivo-linguístico do grupo submetido à intervenção foi estatisticamente superior (p<0,05) ao do grupo não remediado em todas as habilidades avaliadas, exceto na memória visual, cujo grupo não remediado também apresentou evolução. Portanto, observou-se que a remediação fonológica associada à leitura e escrita promoveu resultados significantes nas habilidades do processamento fonológico, memória auditiva, leitura (velocidade e compreensão) e escrita (palavras, pseudopalavras e produção textual). Com relação aos PEAC, constatou-se diferença significante entre os grupos nos valores de latência do componente P1. Considerando que as mudanças no P1 foram observadas somente no grupo submetido à intervenção, pode-se inferir que as mudanças nos valores de latência desse componente foram influenciadas pela remediação. Portanto, verifica-se que o programa de remediação, empregado no presente estudo, promoveu melhoras significantes nas habilidades cognitivo-linguísticas dos escolares com DA, as quais puderam ser monitoradas por meio do componente P1 dos PEAC. / The learning disability (LD) is a neurological disorder characterized by deficits on cognitive-linguistic processing that impair the learning of reading, writing and mathematical reasoning. Studies reinforce the necessity of speech therapy aimed to LD population. The phonological remediation programs are adopted as an alternative for the treatment of LD. These programs focus on metalinguistic skills and the instruction of letter-sound relationship, essential to learning the writing system. It´s also recommended the association between phonological strategies with reading and writing skills. Considering the above, the main objective of this work was to verify the effects of a phonological remediation program associated with reading and writing strategies in children with LD. It was also evaluated the applicability of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials (CAEP) P1-N1-2 complex as indicators of therapeutic progress. There were selected 20 students in the age of 8-14 years, both genders, diagnosed with LD by an interdisciplinary team of FOB-USP. The students were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (10 students) and control group (10 students). The EG was submitted to the remediation program to be compared with GC which initially did not receive the intervention. The groups were evaluated pre and post the remediation program to verify their performances. The activities of the remediation program were implemented in 24 sessions (individual sessions, performed 2 times per week, lasting 50 minutes). The results revealed that cognitive-linguistic performance of the intervention group was statistically superior (p<0.05) compared with the group not submitted to remediation program in all abilities assessed, except in visual memory, whose CG also showed progress. Therefore, it was observed that phonological remediation program associated with reading and writing was able to promote significant results in phonological processing, visual memory, reading (speed and comprehension) and writing (words, invented words and text production). With respect to CAEP, there was significant difference between the groups just for the latency value of P1 component. Considering that changes in P1 were observed just in the intervention group it is noted that latency values of this component were influenced by the remediation program. Therefore, it appears that remediation program, conducted in the present study, promoted significant improvements on cognitive-linguistic skills of students with LD, which can be monitored through the P1 component of CAEP.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Treyce Rosemary Christina Vicente De Lucca.pdf: 621082 bytes, checksum: 976547f43ddfde8be8502364209a9de4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Project is part in the line of research in Language and Subjectivity Of Postgraduate Program In Speech Pathology Of Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). It is a deployment of The Literacy Project and their Avatars, associated to the Observatory Education Program (OBEDUC). The writing acquisition by the child is beyond the age, since the subject, to be regarded as reader and writer, goes through a process that includes findings, successes and failures. Are the effects of these errors and successes that the child submit or not the rules of language and assume a tongue. Objective: Evaluate the therapeutic speech permissive intervention when compared with the prescriptive, optional and interdictive models of the use of reading and writing in learners with learning difficulties. Methodology: Type of study: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials and quasirandomized clinical trials. Search strategy: the following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE LILACS, PSYCINFO e ERIC. Discernment for selection studies: clinical trials that evaluated any speech therapy techniques for learners with learning difficulties. Data collection and analysis: the extraction and evaluation of methodological quality of included studies performed by two independent reviewers. Results: 637 references were identified by the mean databases, resulting in 12 studies selected. In these studies was possible evidence a diversity regarding the efficacy of interventions. It is possible notice one or more means of intervention at the same search. In the selected studies there is not a significative differences concerning the sex of the research subjects. Most of the subjects analyzed were children or teenagers between 0 to 15 years of old. This is an expected factor, once this is the chronological age for the formation of a reader and a writer. Conclusion: It is possible note that the interventions practices are used by audiologists are not described of the way that are proposed by organizational model of the language symptoms in Speech. It was observed that all interventions are improvements related to learning, but we highlight the need for further studies to prove the efficacy, since research was found improvements by itself, beyond the same research suggest the need for future studies to validation of the results obtained / Este projeto insere-se na linha de pesquisa Linguagem e Subjetividade do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Fonoaudiologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). Trata-se de um desdobramento do projeto A Alfabetização e seus Avatares, vinculado ao programa Observatório de Educação (OBEDUC). A aquisição da escrita pela criança está para além da faixa etária, dado que o sujeito, para ser considerado leitor e escritor, passa por um processo que inclui descobertas, erros e acertos. São pelos efeitos desses erros e acertos que a criança se submete ou não às regras da linguagem e assume uma língua. Objetivo: Avaliar a intervenção terapêutica fonoaudiológica permissiva quando comparada aos modelos prescritivos, facultativos e interditivos do uso da leitura e da escrita em alfabetizandos com dificuldades de aprendizagem. Metodologia: Tipo de estudo: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados e quase-randomizados. Estratégia de busca: Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE LILACS, PSYCINFO e ERIC. Critério para a seleção dos estudos: Os ensaios clínicos que avaliaram quaisquer técnicas fonoaudiológicas em alfabetizandos com dificuldades de aprendizagem. Análise e coleta de dados: A extração e a avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos realizada por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: 637 referências foram identificadas pelas principais bases de dados, resultando em 12 estudos incluídos, nos quais se constatou provável diversidade referente às eficácias das intervenções. É possível notar um ou mais meios de intervenção em uma mesma pesquisa. Nos estudos selecionados, não houve diferenças significantes referentes ao sexo dos sujeitos analisados. A maioria deles eram crianças ou adolescentes, na faixa etária de 06 a 15 anos de idade, sendo este um fator esperado, uma vez que esta é a idade cronológica para constituição de um leitor e escritor. Conclusão: É possível notar que as práticas de intervenção utilizadas pelos fonoaudiólogos não são descritas da maneira como proposto pelo modelo de organização dos sintomas de linguagem em Fonoaudiologia. Foi observado que todas as intervenções apresentam melhoras referentes à aprendizagem, mas destacamos a necessidade da realização de outros estudos para comprovação de suas efetividades, uma vez que foram encontradas pesquisas que obtiveram esta melhora, além das mesmas apontarem a necessidade de estudos futuros para validação dos resultados obtidos