I mars 2017 beslutade den svenska regeringen att förstärka och förtydliga den digitala kompetensen i styrdokumenten för skolan, från förskolenivå till gymnasienivå. Detta innebar en förstärkt skyldighet som lärare att undervisa på ett sätt som främjar elevernas digitala kompetens. Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i vad nationella och internationella styrdokument har betonat gällande digital kompetens och en digitalisering av skolan. Uppsatsen första frågeställning berör hur IKT används i undervisningen och vad det finns för möjligheter och utmaningar kopplade till användandet av IKT i undervisningen. Den andra frågeställningen undersöker hur läsförståelsen påverkas när man går ifrån den traditionella pappersläsningen till att börja läsa mer digitalt då allt fler elever får egna datorer och läsplattor. Slutsatser som dras i denna uppsats är att det finns en diskrepans mellan policy- och implementeringsnivå. Då digital kompetens förstärks på policynivå utan att lärarna på implementeringsnivå har fått tillräckligt med stöd och utbildning för att kunna klara av detta uppdrag på ett tillfredställande sätt. Trots att det finns många möjligheter kopplade till användandet av IKT i undervisningen, så når detta användande inte sin fulla potential då användandet kantras av flera utmaningar. Avslutningsvis så visar forskningen motstridiga resultat gällande hur läsförståelsen påverkas av att läsa digitalt. Det tycks se ut som att i bästa fall så blir läsförståelsen oförändrad och i värsta fall att läsförståelsen påverkas negativt av att läsa digitalt.

Cette recherche de thèse questionne la dimension matérielle des pratiques, et plus particulièrement celle concernant les outils d’enseignement et d’apprentissages que constituent les affiches. Mon objet de recherche se construit dans l’analyse du discours des enseignants et de celui des élèves. Je tente d’identifier leurs représentations et leurs conceptions de l’affiche, telles qu’ils disent la pratiquer, telles qu’ils s’y investissent selon les pédagogies qu’ils mettent en place. La caractérisation des pratiques d’affichage selon les disciplines scolaires contribue à des modélisations dans les espaces didactique et institutionnel, dans celui des manuels scolaires, des pratiques enseignantes et des pratiques des élèves. / This thesis research questions the material dimension of practices, especially that concerning the teaching and learning tools that are posters. The topic of my research is built into the analysis of the speech of teachers and the pupils. I try to identify their representations and views of the poster, as they say the practice, as they invest themselves according to the teaching methods they implement. The characterization of the poster practices according to the practical school subjects contribute to modeling in teaching and institutional spaces, in one of textbooks, teaching practices and pupils practices.

The purpose of this study was to examine students' understanding of argumentation when talk and writing were provided as learning tools, as well as to explore how talk and writing can best support students' construction of scientific knowledge. Most current studies have examined discourse patterns over a short interval of only a few class periods or compared only the students' initial and final products to assess the quality of their argument structure. Few studies have examined how students develop their understanding of argumentation over time and how their understanding might result in overcoming those challenges. Moreover, talk and writing have been offered as two critical learning tools to support students' argumentative practice. So far, few studies have explored how those two learning tools could be combined to better support students in constructing scientific knowledge. The research questions that guided this study were: (1) How do students develop an understanding of the components of argumentation for public negotiations over time when participating in an argument-based inquiry classroom? (2) In what ways do talk and writing support scientific knowledge construction in an argument-based inquiry classroom? This sixteen-week study was grounded in interactive constructivism and utilized qualitative design to identify students' understanding of argumentation, trace their learning trajectories, examine potential use of the combination of talk and writing, and analyze the cognitive processes involved when talk and writing were used as learning tools. Due to the lack of studies that focus on the elementary level, this study was conducted in a fifth-grade classroom that used the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach with 22 students participating. Six students were selected for interviewing intensively. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, students' writing samples, and the researcher's field notes. To strengthen the interpretations, data analysis was conducted using three different approaches: (1) the constant comparative method, (2) the enumerative approach, and (3) in-depth analysis of knowledge construction trajectory (KCT) episodes. The results showed that as fifth-grade students had more opportunities to practice, they could develop a more sophisticated understanding of argumentation, use talk and writing as learning tools to negotiate their ideas with peers, engage in more complex cognitive processes, and take ownership for their learning in science. Three major findings are discussed: (1) increased understanding of argumentative components in public negotiations, (2) increased ability to craft written arguments, and (3) five patterns in the use of talk and writing for knowledge construction and cognitive processes. The findings have informed theories about argumentative practice, the use of language as a learning tool, and science learning from six aspects: (1) understanding of argumentation, (2) ability to craft written arguments, (3) use of talk and writing, (4) cognitive processes, (5) meaning of negotiation, and (6) methodology consideration. This study provides insights into the design of an argument-based environment in which students can develop successful argumentative practices. A long-term professional development program in the support of teachers implementing argument-based inquiry is suggested.

IT and telecommunication technologies penetrate into our everyday lives intensively. This makes to change our lifestyles too. If a man does not want to stay behind, he has to learn actively and adapt to constantly emerging innovations. IT and telecommunication technologies as well come to secondary schools. They penetrate not just into everyday work, but both to educational and teachers’ develop-ment process. IT and telecommunication technologies allowed new pedagogical technologies to emerge: e-education and e-studies. E-education- a new method of teaching based on IT and telecommunication technologies. This master thesis analyze e-teaching situation in secondary schools; survey was carried out to analyze teachers’ and students’ attitude towards applying e-teaching resources in education; it was at-tempted to estimate their demands; usable software was analyzed, its advantages and disadvantages. The conclusions from the results were used to project and realize new e-teaching tool.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T20:13:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandromarquescalil.pdf: 1092857 bytes, checksum: 31dc24b127c0b2a3d45e214bbbd7421c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:13:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandromarquescalil.pdf: 1092857 bytes, checksum: 31dc24b127c0b2a3d45e214bbbd7421c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:13:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandromarquescalil.pdf: 1092857 bytes, checksum: 31dc24b127c0b2a3d45e214bbbd7421c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandromarquescalil.pdf: 1092857 bytes, checksum: 31dc24b127c0b2a3d45e214bbbd7421c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-08 / A modernização da Matemática e a criação da Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática sinalizaram para uma mudança no ensino dessa disciplina visando torná-la mais próxima da realidade dos alunos. Nesta dissertação investiga-se o uso que os professores de Matemática fazem das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs). Para diagnóstico e caracterização desse cenário foi aplicado um instrumento, na forma de questionário, em três grupos distintos de professores de Matemática: professores do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, modalidade a distância, da UFJF; professores alunos do Mestrado em Educação Matemática da UFJF e professores da rede pública e particular de Juiz de Fora e região. Os primeiros resultados apontam para o uso restrito das tecnologias pelos professores em suas atividades didáticas e que mesmo os professores que utilizam AVAs em sua formação não as estão adotando com seus alunos. Ao final do estudo é definido um conjunto de diretrizes que auxiliarão professores, administradores e formadores a ampliarem o uso das TICs e das AVAs pelos professores de Matemática. / The modernization of Mathematics and the creation of the Brazilian Society of Mathematics Education signaled a change in teaching this discipline focused to students’ reality. This dissertation investigates the use that Mathematics teachers make of Information and Communication Technologies. For diagnosis and characterization of this scenario an instrument, a questionnaire, was applied in three different groups of Mathematics teachers: teachers of the Mathematics Educational Program; from the University distance education program; teachers from the Master degree program in Mathematics Education: and teachers from public and private schools in Juiz de Fora and its neighborhood. The first results indicate the restricted use of technology by teachers in learning activities and that even those who use distance education management systems to study are not considering their use with the students. At the end of the study we define a set of guidelines that may help teachers, managers and professors to increase the use of computers and distance education technologies among mathematics teachers.

Mobiltelefoner används i dagsläget knappt som lärverktyg i matematikundervisningen trots att den digitala tekniken är en stor del av det svenska samhället. Genom mobile learning ges elever möjlighet att utnyttja mobiltelefonen som lärverktyg både i formella och informella sammanhang. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om huruvida lärare ser mobiltelefonen som ett potentiellt lärverktyg i grundskolans tidigare år. Studien besvarar frågor om elva lärares inställning till och kunskap om mobiltelefonen, vad de ser som möjligheter och svårigheter med verktyget samt deras syn på mobile learning i utomhusmatematik. För att besvara dessa frågor används kvalitativa intervjuer och teorierna Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge och Radical-local teaching and learning. Resultatet visar att lärare generellt är positivt inställda till mobiltelefonen som lärverktyg och mobile learning, dock i olika utsträckning. Utifrån resultatet kan slutsatsen dras att lärare behöver fortbildning för att bli mer förtrogna med mobiltelefonens användning som lärverktyg i matematikämnet. / Cellphones are currently barely used as a learning tool in mathematics education, even though digital technology is a large part of the Swedish society. Through mobile learning, students are given the opportunity to use the cellphone as a learning tool in both formal and informal contexts. The purpose of the study is to increase knowledge about whether eleven teachers see the cellphone as a potential learning tool in the previous years of primary school. The study answers teachers' attitudes to and knowledge of the cellphone, what they see as opportunities and difficulties with the tool and their view of mobile learning in outdoor mathematics. To answer these questions, qualitative interviews and the theories Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge and Radical-local teaching and learning are used. The results show that the teachers in general are positive to the cellphone as a learning tool and the concept of mobile learning, but in varying degrees. Based on the results, it can be concluded that teachers need further training to become more confident to use cellphones as a learning tool in the subject of mathematics.

La presente investigación estudia el aprendizaje a través del material audiovisual e interactivo de la plataforma de aprendizaje virtual “Crehana”, una comunidad educativa dirigida a profesionales e interesados en la industria creativa formada en el 2015, con la finalidad de analizar su rol pedagógico para el logro de diferentes objetivos de aprendizaje en la rama audiovisual desde la perspectiva del modelo VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic). Éste último se considera importante debido a su enfoque pedagógico, la presentación de tres tipos de aprendizaje (visual, auditivo y kinestésico), y las alternativas que presenta para que estos sean resueltos dentro de un proceso comunicativo digital. El objetivo del presente artículo es evaluar la eficacia de las herramientas audiovisuales e interactivas mediante su análisis desde una mirada pedagógica y audiovisual. Con este fin se planteó un estudio de carácter cualitativo a través matrices de análisis audiovisual y pedagógica, sondeos y entrevistas, brindadas por los desarrolladores audiovisuales, publicitarios y usuarios de la web Crehana, donde se pudo encontrar que las herramientas audiovisuales e interactivas son métodos eficaces para transmitir conocimientos o formar habilidades. La importancia de esta investigación radica en la necesidad por difundir las nuevas plataformas de aprendizaje digital y los medios audiovisuales e interactivos como formatos educativos necesarios para dinamizar y atraer a las nuevas generaciones de estudiantes. / The present research studies learning through the audiovisual and interactive material of the virtual learning platform "Crehana", an educational community aimed at professionals and stakeholders in the creative industry formed in 2015, with the aim of analysing its pedagogical role in achieving different learning objectives in the audiovisual branch from the perspective of the VAK model (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic). The latter is considered important due to its pedagogical approach, the presentation of three types of learning (visual, auditory and kinesthetic) and the alternatives that it presents so that these are resolved within a digital communication process. The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual and interactive tools through their analysis from a pedagogical and audiovisual perspective. To this end, a qualitative study was proposed through matrices of audiovisual and pedagogical analysis, surveys and interviews, provided by audiovisual developers, advertisers and users of the Crehana website, where audiovisual and interactive tools could be found to be effective methods for transmitting knowledge or training skills. The importance of this research lies in the need to disseminate the new digital learning platforms and the audiovisual and interactive media as educational formats necessary to energize and attract new generations of students. / Trabajo de investigación

Projektet undersökte olika verktyg och metoder som i skrivande stund används för att lära ut programmering. Den sammanfattar tidigare undersökningar och drar slutsatser kring hur lämpliga de är. Utifrån dessa slutsatser utformades en webbapplikation för undervisning.   Rapporten redogör för hur webbapplikationen konstruerades, samt vilka metoder och verktyg som användes i dess utveckling.   Detta ämne är högaktuellt idag då Sveriges regering ämnar införa programmering i grundskolan och då krävs både bra metoder och verktyg för detta. / This project investigated different tools and methods used today in teaching programming. It summarizes earlier studies and draws conclusions about how suited they are for the job. The accompanying web application would be crafted based on the conclusions made.   The report intends to describe how the web application was constructed, and which methods and tools were used during its development.   The subject of the report is highly relevant today since the Swedish government is discussing the introduction of programming classes in the elementary school. Thus demanding both suitable methods and tools.

Learning Management Systems (LMSs) are widely used in higher education to improve the learning, teaching, and administrative tasks for both students and instructors. Such systems enrich the educational experience by integrating a wide range of services, such as on-demand course material and training, thus empowering students to achieve their learning outcomes at their own pace. Courses in various sub-fields of Computer Science that seek to provide rich electronic learning (e-learning) experience depend on exercise material being offered in the forms of quizzes, programming exercises, laboratories, simulations, etc. Providing hands on experience in courses such as Internetworking could be facilitated by providing laboratory exercises based on virtual machine environments where the student studies the performance of different internet protocols under different conditions (such as different throughput bounds, error rates, and patterns of changes in these conditions). Unfortunately, the integration of such exercises and their tailored virtual environments is not yet very popular in LMSs. This thesis project investigates the generation of on-demand virtual exercise environments using cloud infrastructures and integration with an LMS to provide a rich e-learning in an Internetworking course. The software deliverable of this project enables instructors to dynamically instantiate virtual laboratories without incurring the overhead of running and maintaining their own physical infrastructure. This sets the foundations for a virtual classroom that can scale in response to higher system utilization during specific periods of the academic calendar. / Lärplattformar (eng. Learning Management Systems (LMS)) används i stor utsträckning för högre utbildning för att förbättra lärande, undervisning och administrativa uppgifter för både studenter och instruktörer. Sådana system berikar den pedagogiska erfarenheten genom att integrera ett brett utbud av tjänster, såsom on-demand kursmaterial och träning, vilket ger studenterna möjlighet att uppnå sina lärandemål i egen takt. Kurser inom olika delområden av datavetenskap som syftar till att ge en bred erfarenhet av elektroniskt lärande (e-learning) har träningsmaterial i form av frågesporter, programmeringsövningar, laboratorier, simuleringar etc. Praktiskt erfarenhet i kurser som Internetworking kan underlättas genom att tillhandahålla laboratorieövningar baserade på virtuella maskinmiljöer där studenten studerar prestanda för olika internetprotokoll under olika förhållanden (t.ex. olika gränsvärden, felfrekvenser och förändringsmönster under dessa förhållanden). Tyvärr är integrationen av sådana övningar och deras skräddarsydda virtuella miljöer ännu inte populär i LMSs. Detta examensarbete undersöker generering av virtuella träningsmiljöer på begäran med hjälp av molninfrastruktur och integration med en LMS för att ge ett rikt e-lärande i en Internetworking-kurs. Programvaran som levereras av detta projekt gör det möjligt för instruktörer att dynamiskt instansera virtuella laboratorier utan att behöva hantera sin egen fysiska infrastruktur. Detta sätter grunden för ett virtuellt klassrum som kan skala med högre systemutnyttjande under specifika perioder av den akademiska kalendern.

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