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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Diversity and pasture potential of legumes indigenous to southern Africa

Trytsman, Marike January 2013 (has links)
This study records all known legume (Leguminosae/Fabaceae) species indigenous to South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland to establish distribution patterns and optimum climatic and soil conditions for growth. The main purpose was to propose a list of legume species for further evaluation of their pasture potential. Collection data supplied by the National Herbarium (PRE) Computerised Information System were recorded to establish the distribution patterns of species based on the bioregions vegetation map. A total of 1 654 species are known to be indigenous, representing 24 tribes and 122 genera. The grouping of legume species into five main clusters and 16 Leguminochoria is ecologically described, with the highest legume species richness found in the Northern Mistbelt Forest. Key and diagnostic species are provided for each Leguminochorion. Soil pH and mean annual minimum temperature were found to be the main drivers for distinguishing between legume assemblages. The optimum climatic and soil conditions for growth are described as well as the available descriptive attributes for species recorded. Information on the range of tolerance of most species to abiotic factors is presented. Mean annual rainfall and soil pH are highly correlated with the distribution pattern of most species, followed by mean annual minimum temperature. Legume species adapted to a wide range of soil pH levels and low soil phosphorus levels are recorded. Existing data on the cultivation and grazing or browsing status of indigenous legumes were used to select 584 species found mainly in the Central Bushveld, Mopane and Lowveld Bioregions to be further evaluated for their pasture potential. Known characteristics were used to categorise species. Species contained in the tribe Phaseoleae are of special interest since it contains most of the genera with present-day agricultural value, i.e. Eriosema, Rhynchosia and Vigna species are listed as having high potential as pasture species. This study has shown that the descriptive and distribution data accumulated by botanists (notably taxonomists) could be of beneficial use in meeting agricultural objectives. Indigenous legumes are adapted to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions and represent a valuable but largely unexploited natural resource for pasture development and soil conservation practices. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Plant Science / unrestricted
102

Phylogenetics of North American Psoraleeae (Leguminosae): Rates and Dates in a Recent, Rapid Radiation

Egan, Ashley N. 01 December 2006 (has links) (PDF)
The scientific discipline of phylogenetics involves understanding the diversity of life in the context of history. Technological advances in molecular biology and computational power have created an exponential increase in the number and kind of phylogenetic studies, allowing exploration of all manner of questions concerning the evolutionary history of a group. This dissertation research is focused on phylogenetic theory and applying these methods to the plant tribe Psoraleeae (Leguminosae; Fabaceae) with an emphasis on North American (NAm) members. First, theory of phylogeny estimation is explored in a review chapter focusing on strengths and weaknesses of phylogenetic methodology. Second, methods are applied to estimating evolutionary relationships within Psoraleeae based on six chloroplast (trnD/T, trnL/F, trnS/G, trnK, matK, and rpoB-trnC) and two nuclear (ITS and waxy) DNA regions. This study explores approaches for coding insertion-deletion events (gaps) as phylogenetic characters using maximum parsimony and Bayesian Inference. Inclusion of gaps generally increased topological resolution and nodal support, attesting to their phylogenetic utility. Findings suggest inclusion of gaps to be especially useful in chloroplast-based studies as they represent a greater proportion of phylogenetic signal as compared to nuclear regions. Past Psoraleeae classification schemes were tested and taxonomic revisions suggested. Furthermore, phylogenetic comparative methods are used to investigate correlation between geography and narrow endemism in NAm Psoraleeae. Geographic variables of latitude, longitude, and elevation all correlate with range size and provide support for Rapoport's rule of species-richness following latitudinal gradients. Finally, estimated phylogenies are used to investigate divergence dates, nucleotide substitution rates, diversification rates, and the impact of climate change, past and present, on diversification of NAm Psoraleeae. Results suggest the group has undergone a recent, rapid radiation. Rates of molecular evolution are fast, relative to other Legume lineages. Topological and temporal methods confirm the existence of diversification rate shifts in NAm Psoraleeae. Quaternary climate oscillations are shown to have significantly impacted diversification in the group while current shifts from mesic to xeric climate regimes did not.
103

ContribuiÃÃo ao conhecimento quÃmico de plantas do nordeste:Andira surinamensis e Piper divaricatum / Contribution to chemical knowledge of plants of northeast: Andira surinamensis e Piper divaricatum

Josà Gustavo Lima de Almeida 12 July 2007 (has links)
nÃo hà / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquÃmico das cascas e do lenho de Andira surinamensis (Leguminosae), bem como a composiÃÃo quÃmica volÃtil dos Ãleos essenciais das folhas e frutos de Piper divaricatum G. Mey (Piperaceae). O estudo fitoquÃmico dos extratos de A. surinamensis, utilizando tÃcnicas clÃssicas de cromatografia em gel de sÃlica, resultou no isolamento de um dÃmero isoflavona inÃdito na literatura, 4â-metoxiisoflavona-(7-O-7ââ)-3âââ,4âââ- metilenodioxiisoflavona (Surinamensina), um triterpeno pentacÃclico comumente conhecido como Lupeol e mais quatro isoflavonas: 5,7-dihidroxi-4â-metoxiisoflavona (biochanina A), 5,4â- dihidroxi-7-metoxiisoflavona (prunetina), 7,3â-dihidroxi-4â-metoxiisoflavona (calicosina) e 5,7,3â-trihidroxi-4â-metoxiisoflavona (pratenseÃna). A determinaÃÃo estrutural dos compostos isolados foram elucidadas por tÃcnicas espectroscÃpicas tais como: espectro de massa, espectro de infravermelho e RessonÃncia MagnÃtica Nuclear de 1H, 13C uni e bidimensionais. A composiÃÃo quÃmica dos Ãleos essenciais das folhas e frutos de Piper divaricatum G. Mey., foram analisadas por CG / EM e CG / DIC. Um total de 24 compostos, representando mais do que 94% da composiÃÃo quÃmica dos Ãleos, foram identificados. Ambos os Ãleos mostraram grande concentraÃÃes de monoterpenos, em especial, o Ãleo das folhas que apresentou 81,1%. Os Ãleos mostraram composiÃÃo quÃmica similares, mas o Ãleo dos frutos pode ser facilmente distinguido do Ãleo das folhas pela exclusiva presenÃa do a-felandrene (4,60%), (E)-muurola- 4(14),5-dieno (9,0%) e do (E)-cariofileno (11,4%). Os maiores constituintes do Ãleo das folhas foram: linalool (23,4%), b-pineno (25,3%) e a-pineno (18,8%), enquanto que os Ãleo frutos apresentaram b-pineno (18.0%), a-pineno (17.6%) e (E)-cariofileno (11.4%), como compostos majoritÃrios. / This work describes the phytochemical investigation of extracts from the branch wood and branch barks of Andira surinamensis (Leguminosae), as well as, the volatile chemical composition of essential oil from leaves and fruits of Piper divaricatum G. Mey (Piperaceae). The phytochemical investigation of A. surinamensis extracts, using classic methods of chromatography on silica gel, yielded a novel isoflavone dimer, 4â-methoxyisoflavone-(7-O- 7ââ)-3âââ,4âââ-methylenedioxyisoflavone (surinamensin), along with the triterpene lupeol and the known isoflavones 5,7-dihydroxy-4\\\'-methoxyisoflavone (biochanin A), 5,4\\\'-dihydroxy-7- methoxyisoflavone (prunetin), 7,3â-dihydroxy-4â-methoxyisoflavone (calycosin) and 5,7,3â- trihydroxy-4â-methoxyisoflavone (pratensein). The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, such as MS, IR and particularly 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and, comparison with published data for closely related compounds. The chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves and fruits of Piper divaricatum G. Mey., was analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Twenty-four components, representing more than 94.0% of the chemical compositions of the oils, were identified. Both oils showed higher concentrations of monoterpenoids, particularly the oils from leaves (81.1%). The oils showed some compositional similarities but the fruit oil could be easily distinguished from the leaf oil by the exclusive presence of a-phellandrene (4.60%), (E)-muurola-4(14),5-diene (9,0%) and significant content of (E)-caryophyllene (11.4%). The major constituents of the leaf oils were linalool (23.4%), b-pinene (25.3%) and a-pinene (18.8%), while the fruit oils of the fruits contained b-pinene (18.0%) and a-pinene (17.6%) and (E)-caryophyllene (11.4%) as prevalent compounds.
104

Mimosoideae na Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais e análise da variabilidade morfológica de Mimosa macedoana Burkart / Mimosoideae at Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais and analysis of the morphological variability of Mimosa macedoana Burkart

Borges, Leonardo Maurici 16 April 2010 (has links)
O estudo de Leguminosae Mimosoideae é parte do projeto Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e apresenta chaves de identifcação, ilustrações, comentários sobre distribuição geográfca e fenologia para os gêneros e espécies dessa região. o trabalho de campo e estudos de coleções de herbários indicam que Mimosoideae é representada na área por 57 espécies, pertencentes a 13 gêneros: Abarema (2 spp.), Albizia (1 sp.), Anadenanthera (1 sp.), Calliandra (6 spp.), Enterolobium (1 sp.), Inga (6 spp.), Leucochloron (1 sp.), Mimosa (25 spp.), Piptadenia (3 spp.), Plathymenia (1 sp.), Pseudopiptadenia (2 spp.), Senegalia (4 spp.) e Stryphnodendron (3 spp.). Mimosa macedoana é uma das espécies encontradas nos campos rupestres da região, cujas exsicatas permitem distinguir dois morfotipos pelo tamanho das partes vegetativas. Para averiguar se esta distinção ocorre em ambiente natural, duas populações da espécie foram submetidas a estudo morfométrico com uso de métodos de estatística multivariada (LC, PCa e DF). os resultados evidenciaram que as populações analisadas são morfologicamente distintas e que características fisiográfcas dos aforamentos rochosos onde se situam as populações podem infuenciar a variação morfológica. / The study of Leguminosae Mimosoideae is part of the project Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil, which aims to provide identifcation keys, illustrations, comments on geographic distribution and phenology to genera and species from this region. Field and herbaria studies indicate that Mimosoideae is represented in the area by 57 species belonging to 13 genera: Abarema (2 spp.), Albizia (1 sp.), Anadenanthera (1 sp.), Calliandra (6 spp.), Enterolobium (1 sp.), Inga (6 spp.), Leucochloron (1 sp.), Mimosa (25 spp.), Piptadenia (3 spp.), Plathymenia (1 sp.), Pseudopiptadenia (2 spp.), Senegalia (4 spp.) and Stryphnodendron (3 spp.). Te exsicattae of Mimosa macedoana, one of the species occurring at the rocky felds of the region, show two morphotipes distinguished by the size of their vegetative parts. aiming to investigate whether this distinction also happens in the natural environment, two populations of the species were submitted to a morphometrical analysis using multivariate statistical methods (LC, PCa & DF). results showed that the populations are morphologicaly distinct, and that physiographic caracteristics of the rocky outcrops where the populations grow may infuence the morphological variation.
105

A Tribo Ingeae bentham (Leguminosae - Mimosoideae) na floresta nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil

SILVA, Francismeire Bonadeu da January 2010 (has links)
A tribo Ingeae Benth. compreende 36 gêneros, destes 24 são endêmicos do Novo Mundo, de 935 a 966 espécies, que se difundem nas regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas. Para o Brasil são estimados 16 gêneros, 302 espécies, 10 subespécies e 46 variedades. O presente estudo objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade de espécie dessa tribo na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã. Foram reconhecidos sete gêneros, 27 espécies, uma subespécie e duas variedades. O gênero mais representativo foi Inga Mill. com 17 espécies distribuídas em sete seções: Inga seção Bourgonia (/. alba (Sw.) Willd., I. hrachyrhachis Harms, I. cylindrica (Vell.) Mart., /. laurina (Sw.) Willd. e 1. microcalyx Spruce ex Benth.); Inga seção Inga (/. edulis Mart.); Inga seção Leptinga (/. gracilifoliã Ducke, I. paraensis Ducke e I. ohidensis Ducke); Inga seção Longiflorae (/. grandiflora Ducke, I. longiflora Spruce ex Benth., I. micradenia Spruce ex Benth. e I. ruhiginosa (Rich.) DC.); Inga seção Multijugae (/. thihaudiana DC. subsp. thihaudiana); Inga seção Pseudinga (/. capitata Desv. e I. stipidares DC.) e Inga seção Tetragonae (/. macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wilk). Em seguida vem Abarema Pittier, que está representado por três espécies (A. jupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip, A. mataybifolia (Sand.) Bameby & J. W. Grimes e Abarema sp.); Calliandra Benth. com duas espécies (C. surinamensis Benth. e Calliandra sp.); Zygia P. Browne com duas espécies e uma variedade (Z racemosa (Ducke) Barneby & J. W. Grimes e Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle var. lasiopus (Benth.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes); Enterolobium Mart. {E. schomburgkii (Benth.) Benth.); Hydrochorea Barneby & J. W. Grimes (H. corymbosa (Rich.) Barneby & J. W. Girmes) e Macrosamanea Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip (M pubiramea (Steud.) Bameby & J. W. Grimes var. pubiramea). São apresentas chaves de identificação, descrições e ilustrações dos táxons, além de dados adicionais sobre distribuição geográfica, comentários e fenologia.
106

A Historical Floristic Inventory of Pine Rockland Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Pena, Adel L 15 November 2017 (has links)
The objectives of this study were to investigate temporal changes in the diversity of pine rockland Fabaceae, induced by anthropogenic factors. Herbarium collections spanning 170 years were used to analyze species frequency and richness. The results indicated temporal fluctuations in diversity with frequency of native species highest previous to the year 1920, and exotic-invasive species richness peaking after the 1960s. The accompanying species list resulting from the inventory included 122 Fabaceae species, in 56 genera, with an additional 19 species not previously listed for pine rocklands. The results emphasize the damage caused by early and deliberate introductions of exotic species, and reinforces previous knowledge that exotic-invasives seem to be increasingly harmful to local biodiversity. The results also provide evidence of the historical distribution of species, helpful to conservation and restoration efforts. This study provides a needed review and status update for the Fabaceae taxa of the pine rocklands.
107

Morphology, Anatomy And Systematics Of The Genus Lathyrus L. (leguminosae) In Central Anatolia, Turkey

Cildir, Huseyin 01 July 2011 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, morphology, anatomy and systematics of the Genus Lathyrus L. (Leguminosae) in Central Anatolia is presented. Comparative morphological characters and their variation in the Genus / Calyx, leaf, corolla and pollen grains micro-morphology of the species / Anatomy of the species / Ecology, endemism, phytogeography and IUCN threat categories of the species / Numerical analysis and Revision of the genus in Central Anatolia were conducted. For the first time the calyx, corolla and leaf micromorphology, and the anatomical characteristics of Lathyrus were examined. Infrageneric delimitation of the species is performed by using multivariate analysis. As a result of morphological and anatomical data, it is suggested that L. haussknechtii should be classified as different species not variety of L. brachypterus. v The collected specimens was crosschecked with neighboring floras and the existing type specimens known from Turkey ANK, GAZI, HUB, KNYA, CUFH, Erciyes, and Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) herbaria. Morphological and micromorphological characters of pollen grains were revealed. It was determined that the pollen grains size and sculpturing were important diagnostic characters for the species. The statistical analysis was applied to compare P/E ratios of the pollen grains of studied taxa. According to this analysis, the P/E ratio is important diagnostic feature for most of the sections and the species. Sectional key and species key were prepared and updated. Expanded descriptions, GPS data, some photographs and some notes on the taxonomy of the species were given.
108

Morfo-anatomia, dormência, germinação e emergência de plântulas de tento (Ormosia paraensis Ducke - Fabaceae) /

Silva, Breno Marques da Silva e. January 2010 (has links)
Resumo: Ormosia paraensis Ducke, possui sementes ornamentais usadas na confecção de biojóias, assim como, sua madeira é utilizada por moveleiros. Para a identificação florestal e tecnologia de sementes, as informações sobre a biologia e, por conseguinte, para a produção de mudas de tento são incipientes. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever a morfo-anatomia e determinar os métodos mais adequados para superação de dormência, germinação e emergência de plântulas de tento. Para a descrição morfo-anatômica, os frutos, as sementes e as plântulas foram avaliadas por meio de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Para a quebra de dormência das sementes, foi utilizada a abrasão com lixa e a imersão em ácido sulfúrico. Os frutos de tento são legumes nucóides, pseudo-septados, castanhos a pretos, deiscentes, portando uma ou duas sementes, de placentação lateral. As sementes são bitegumentadas, exalbuminosas e arredondadas. As plântulas de tento apresentam folhas simples e alternadas, com raiz pivotante e caule cilíndrico. A germinação é hipógea criptocotiledonar. A abrasão com lixa e por meio da imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 60 ou 120 minutos são adequadas para a superação de dormência de sementes de tento. A faixa de temperatura ótima para a germinação está entre 25 e 35 oC tanto entre areia quando entre papel. As semeaduras em areia e em vermiculita são mais adequadas em profundidades nunca superiores a 2cm / Abstract: Ormosia paraensis Ducke, known as "tento", possess seeds used to make handicrafts and wood worked by furniture makers. For the forest identification and seeds technology, the information on the biology and therefore for the production of "tento" seedlings are incipient. Thus, the aim of this study was the morpho-anatomical description as well as determining the most appropriate methods for overcoming dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of "tento". For the morpho-anatomical description, the evaluations were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. For the dormancy break of the seeds, the methods were physical and chemical scarification. For the temperature, substrate and depth evaluation were used temperatures from 5 to 45 oC, the substrates sand, paper, vermiculite and PlantmaxR and the depths of 0, 2 and 4 cm. The fruit is a nutant legume, brown to black, dehiscent and with one or two seeds of lateral placentation. The seeds are bitegmic, exalbuminous and rounded. The seedlings have simple and alternate leaves, and their germination is hypogeal cryptocotyledonary. The mechanical scarification and the chemical by sulfuric acid immersion for 60 or 120 minutes are suitable for overcoming seed dormancy. The range of the optimum temperature for germination is between 25 and 35 oC between sand or paper. In the nursery are sand and vermiculite, sowings higher than 2 cm depths are unsuitable for seedling emergence / Orientador: Fabíola Vitti Môro / Coorientador: Roberval Daiton Vieira / Banca: Silvelena Vanzolini Segato / Banca: Raquel Silva Costa / Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi / Banca: Emerson Iossi / Doutor
109

Flavonóides antioxidantes e derivados de ácido gálico isolados de cenostigma gardnerianum tul. (leguminosae).

Alves, Clayton Queiroz January 2007 (has links)
Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T11:32:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Clayton.pdf: 1700881 bytes, checksum: bef0a31461056b467bc6eb1389d5bdf6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-23T11:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Clayton.pdf: 1700881 bytes, checksum: bef0a31461056b467bc6eb1389d5bdf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico dos extratos polares de Cenostigma gardnerianum Tul., além da realização de ensaios de avaliação antioxidante das substâncias isoladas. O gênero Cenostigma pertence à família Leguminosae e compreende quatro espécies, sendo três delas endêmicas do Brasil. Das espécies conhecidas, apenas uma apresenta estudo químico preliminar. C. gardnerianum é conhecida popularmente como “canela-de-velho” ou “catingueira”, e pode ser encontrada no cerrado e caatinga baianos. Esta espécie é utilizada como forrageira podendo, portanto, ser empregada na alimentação de animais, constituindo assim uma importante fonte de recursos para o homem do sertão, principalmente em época de secas. Utilizando-se métodos cromatográficos usuais (CC, CCDC em sílica, poliamida e permeação em gel de Sephadex), do extrato AcOEt das folhas de C. gardnerianum foram isoladas o Ácido gálico, Galato de metila e o Ácido elágico. Foram isolados, ainda deste extrato, os flavonóides: Quercetina; Quercetina-3-O-S Dglicopiranosídeo; Quercetina-3-O-(6’’-O-galoil)-S-D-glicopiranosídeo; Quercetina-3-O-(6’’-O-E-p-cumaroil)-S-D-glicopiranosídeo; Agathisflavona e Vitexina. Do extrato clorofórmico das folhas foi isolada a Escoparona. Do extrato AcOEt das cascas do caule foi isolado um novo derivado do ácido gálico, caracterizado como Galato de metila-2-C-S-Dglicopiranosídeo, uma substância rara nesta classe de compostos. As estruturas das substâncias isoladas foram elucidadas através da análise dos dados obtidos pelos dados de EM, de RMN de 1H , 13C e DEPT, além de técnicas bidimensionais (HMBC e HMQC). Os testes de atividade antioxidante, in vitro, utilizando as metodologias da co-oxidação do S-caroteno/ácido linoleico e do seqüestro do radical estável DPPH, demonstraram que as substâncias Quercetina-3-O-S-D-glicopiranosídeo e Quercetina-3-O-(6’’-O-galoil)-S-Dglicopiranosídeo apresentaram excelente atividade, enquanto que a Quercetina-3-O-(6’’-O-Ep-cumaroil)-S-D-glicopiranosídeo apresentou atividade moderada, e as substâncias Agathisflavona e Galato de metila-2-C-S-D-glicopiranosídeo apresentaram baixa ou nenhuma atividade, respectivamente. / Salvador
110

Estudo farmacologico do extrato etanolico da entrecasca da Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. (Leguminosae)

Santos, Cliomar Alves dos 10 September 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Inflammation is an important component of many diseases whose core process is the phagocytic cell recruitment causing tissue damage. Plants with therapeutic use by the population are alternatives for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, among them Caesaplinia pyramidalis is popularly known as "catingueira", and the objective of this study is to investigated the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of the ethanol bark extract (EBE) of this semi-arid Northeast plant. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the EBE revealed the presence of the following classes of secondary metabolites: phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, and saponins. Animals were pretreated with the EBE of C. pyramidalis (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (0.2% tween 80 in saline, 10 mL/kg, p.o.) 1 h before. Separate groups of animals were pretreated 1 h before with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 300 mg/kg, p.o., for writhing, formalin and paw edema tests), dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, s.c., for model of peritonitis and paw edema) or naloxona (5 mg/kg, i.p., for hot plate test) and 30 min before with morphine (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p., for hot plate test and formaline test) or diazepam (1,5 mg/kg, i.p., for rota rod test) which were used as standard controls. To assess the antinociceptive activity we have used the acetic acid-induced writhing (0.6%, 0.1 mL/10g, i.p.), formalin (2%, 20 μL/paw) or hot plate models in Swiss mice (n = 6/group). The EBE, at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the abdominal writhing in 20.9, 41.7, and 69.5%, respectively, as compared to control (31.17 ± 0.95 writhes). The extract at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg decreases significantly the time that animals spent licking/bitting their paw during both phases of the formalin test (P < 0,05) and increased the latency of animals in the hot plate test in recorded times (P < 0,05), as well as morphine efect. Naloxone was capable of reversing the inhibition evoked by the EBE (400 mg/kg) on the hot plate model, as well as the morphine effect. In order to exclude a possible involvement in motor activity of the extract was performed to rota-rod test in which the results showed no statistical difference with the group that received vehicle. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity were used in vivo models of paw edema and peritonitis. In the paw edema model induced by 1% carrageenan (100 μL/paw, s.c.) in Wistar rats (n = 6/group), the EBE of C. pyramidalis at the dose of 400 mg/kg caused inhibition of 41.2% in the edema formation (P < 0.05). The recruitment of neutrophils to the swollen paw was indirectly measured by determining the MPO activity. Oral treatment of the animals with the EBE of C. pyramidalis (400 mg/kg) was able to reduce in 37.1% MPO 12 activity when compared with control (7,12 ± 0,94 UMPO/mg tissue, P < 0.05). In the peritonitis model in Swiss mice (n = 6/group), 4 h after injection of carrageenan (1%, 0.25 mL, i.p.), was observed that the EBE inhibited (P < 0.01) the leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity in 58,6% at the dose of 400 mg/kg, as compared to control (7,22 ± 0,99 x 106 leukocytes/mL). The differential count of leukocytes confirmed the decrease (P < 0.001) of the polymorphonuclear cells to the inflammatory site at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The antioxidant test used was the lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) where an in vitro system of radical production (AAPH-2,2-azobis-2- metilpropionamidina) evaluated the EBE ability (1 - 1000 μg/mL) to modulate oxidative damage in a preparation of liposomes, using vitamin C (1.76 μg/mL) as control. The concentrations of the 100 and 1000 μg/mL of the EBE of C. pyramidalis reduced (P < 0.01) TBARS production, which strengthens the relationship between anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant compounds. Concludes that the plant Caesalpinia pyramidalis has antiinflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities, supporting the use in popular medicine as anti-inflammatory agent. These biological activities may be related, at least in part, to the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. / A inflamação é um importante componente de muitas doenças cujo processo central é o recrutamento de células fagocitárias provocando dano tecidual. As plantas com uso terapêutico pela população são alternativas para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias, dentre elas está a Caesalpinia pyramidalis, conhecida popularmente como catingueira , a qual foi objeto deste estudo, que buscou investigar as propriedades anti-inflamatória, antinociceptiva e antioxidante do extrato etanólico da entrecasca (EEE) desta planta da região semiárida nordestina. A prospecção fitoquímica preliminar do EEE revelou as classes de metabólitos secundários presentes: fenóis, taninos, flavonóides, esteróides, triterpenos e saponinas. Os animais foram pré-tratados com o EEE da C. pyramidalis (100, 200 e 400 mg/kg, v.o.) ou com o veículo (tween 80 a 0,2% em salina, 10 mL/kg, v.o.) 1 h antes. Grupos separados de animais foram pré-tratados 1 h antes com ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS, 300 mg/kg, v.o., testes de contorções abdominais, formalina e edema de pata), dexametasona (2 mg/kg, s.c., modelos de peritonite e edema de pata) ou naloxona (5 mg/kg, i.p., teste da placa quente), e 30 min antes com morfina (3 ou 10 mg/kg, i.p., testes da placa quente e formalina) ou diazepam (1,5 mg/kg, i.p., teste de rota rod) os quais foram utilizados como controles padrão. Para avaliar a atividade antinociceptiva foram utilizados os modelos de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético a 0,6% (0,1 mL, i.p.), formalina (2%, 20 μL/pata) ou placa quente em camundongos (Swiss, n=6/grupo). O EEE nas doses de 100, 200 e 400 mg/kg reduziu de forma significativa (P < 0,001) as contorções abdominais em 20,9, 41,7 e 69,5%, respectivamente, quando comparadas ao controle (31,17 ± 0,95 contorções abdominais). O EEE nas doses de 100, 200 e 400 mg/kg inibiu de forma significativa o tempo de lambida/mordida da pata dos camundongos em ambas as fases do teste de formalina (P < 0,05) e aumentou o tempo de latência dos animais na placa quente nos tempos registrados (P < 0,05). A naloxona foi capaz de reverter a inibição evocada pelo EEE (400 mg/kg) no modelo de placa quente, bem como o efeito da morfina. A fim de excluir uma possível intervenção do extrato na atividade motora foi realizado o teste da rota-rod no qual os resultados não mostraram diferença estatística com o grupo que recebeu o veículo. Para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória, foram utilizados os modelos in vivo de edema de pata e peritonite. No modelo de edema de pata induzido pela carragenina a 1% (100 μL/pata, s.c.) em ratos (Wistar, n=6/grupo), o EEE da C. pyramidalis na dose de 400 mg/kg causou inibição de 41,2% na formação do edema (P < 0,05). O recrutamento de neutrófilos para a pata 10 edemaciada foi medido indiretamente pela determinação da atividade da MPO. O tratamento oral dos animais com o EEE de C. pyramidalis (400 mg/kg) foi capaz de reduzir em 37,1% a atividade da MPO quando comparado ao controle (7,12 ± 0,94 UMPO/mg de tecido, P<0,05). No modelo de peritonite em camundongos (Swiss, n=6/grupo), 4 h após a injeção de carragenina (1%, 0,25 mL, i.p.), observou-se que o EEE inibiu (P < 0,01) a migração de leucócitos para a cavidade peritoneal em 58,6% na dose de 400 mg/kg, quando comparado ao controle (7,22 ± 0,99 x 106 leucócitos/mL). A contagem diferencial dos leucócitos demonstrou diminuição (P < 0,001) dos polimorfonucleares para o sítio inflamatório nas doses de 200 e 400 mg/kg. O teste antioxidante realizado foi a peroxidação lipídica pelas espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) onde um sistema in vitro de produção de radicais (AAPH-2,2-azobis-2-metilpropionamidina) avaliou a capacidade do EEE (1 - 1000 μg/mL) em modular o dano oxidativo em uma preparação de lipossomnos, utilizando a vitamina C (1,76 μg/mL) como controle. As concentrações de 100 e 1000 μg/mL do EEE da C. pyramidalis mostraram atividade antioxidante reduzindo (P < 0,01) a produção de TBARS, o que reforça a relação anti-inflamatória com os compostos antioxidantes. Concluímos que a planta Caesalpinia pyramidalis possui atividades anti-inflamatória, antinociceptiva e antioxidante, embasando o uso popular como agente anti-inflamatório. Estas alterações biológicas devem estar relacionadas, ao menos em parte, à presença de taninos, flavonóides e saponinas.

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