La digestion anaérobie est un processus de transformation de la matière organique en biogaz riche en méthane. Les déchets solides sont le plus souvent traités par une technologie par voie sèche qui est caractérisée par des teneurs en matières sèches supérieures à 20%. Du fait de la faible teneur en eau, la digestion sèche présente de nombreuses inconnus scientifiques, tant au niveau microbiologique et physico-chimique. Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre l'influence des parametres opératoires spécifiques à la digestion anaérobie par voie sèche sur les performances et le comportement des communautés microbiennes de ce processus. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'augmentation de la teneur en matières sèches au-delà de 30% et la diminution de la surface spécifique d'échange ont un effet négatif sur le processus de digestion anaérobie. En effet lorsque la teneur en matière sèche est supérieure à 30%, le transfert des gaz dissous du milieu réactionnel vers le ciel gazeux peut limiter la méthanisation. L'analyse des populations microbiennes montre la présence de bio-indicateurs bactériens liés au non fonctionnement de la digestion anaérobie. Ces bio-indicateurs sont des clostridium et sont présents quel que soit l'inoculum utilisé. L'étude des populations méthanogènes montre une sensibilité de ces microorganismes à leur environnement : des shifts de populations méthanogènes ont été observés en fonction de la concentration en matières sèches. Ce travail a permis d'accroître les connaissances dans le domaine de la digestion anaérobie sèche, ces connaissances pouvant contribuer à améliorer les performances des procédés. / Anaerobic digestion is the transformation of organic matter into biogas rich in methane. Solid waste is treated by dry anaerobic digestion process with a total solid content higher than 20%. The high solids content make the process difficult to control. The aim of this work is to study the influence of operating parameters specific to dry anaerobic digestion on performances and behavior of microbial communities. The results show that increasing the solids content higher than 30% and decreasing the specific surface area of change have a negative effect on the anaerobic digestion process. Indeed, when the solids content exceeds 30%, the transfer of dissolved gas from the reaction mixture to the headspace can limit anaerobic digestion. The analysis of microbial populations demonstrates the presence of bacterial bio-indicators related to no-functioning anaerobic digestion. These bio-indicators correspond to the clostridium genus and are present regardless of the inoculum source. The study of methanogenic Archaea shows a sensitivity of these microorganisms. Shifts in the methanogenic populations related to the concentration of total solids were observed. This work has improved the fundamental knowledge of dry anaerobic digestion which can help improve the performance of this process.

Master of Science / Department of Chemical Engineering / Larry E. Erickson / Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is a promising and emerging technique in controlling indoor air contaminants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It has broad air cleaning and deodorization applications in indoor environments ranging from residential and office buildings to healthcare and nursing facilities as well as spacecrafts, aircraft cabins and clean rooms in the agricultural and food industry. Numerous studies have been conducted to improve the effectiveness and performance of this technology. These include development of new configurations, energy-efficient catalysts and other parameters to control the process. However, only limited research has been conducted under realistic indoor environmental conditions. One of the most recent developments in photocatalysis is the synthesis of 2% C- and V-doped TiO[subscript]2, which is active under both dark and visible light conditions. However, like most research conducted in photocatalysis, the study on the reactivity of this catalyst has been performed only under laboratory conditions. This study investigated the possible application of the novel C and V co-doped TiO[subscript]2 in cleaning indoor air. Mathematical modeling and simulation techniques were employed to assess the potential use of some of the promising systems that utilize the catalyst (i.e., packed bed and thin films) as well as the effect of mass transfer limitations in the degradation of acetaldehyde, one of the VOCs that can be found in offices, residential buildings and other facilities.

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des mécanismes de régulation du niveau de fatigue périphérique à l’exercice et sur les conséquences de cette régulation sur la capacité de performance motrice. Nous avons tout d’abord démontré que la puissance est étroitement régulée au cours de sprints répétés – épreuve au cours de laquelle la commande motrice est recrutée à son niveau maximal volontaire – de sorte qu’un seuil critique de fatigue périphérique ne soit jamais dépassé. Nous avons ensuite montré qu’il existe un lien étroit entre l’atteinte de ce seuil critique de fatigue et l’arrivée à une phase de plateau de puissance développée au cours de sprints répétés, indépendamment de la durée de la récupération entre les sprints. Ces résultats ont permis de démontrer que le niveau d'activité de la commande motrice centrale et la puissance sont régulés au cours de sprints répétés dans le but de limiter le niveau de fatigue périphérique à un niveau seuil. Le rôle de ce mécanisme régulateur est cependant dépendant de la nature de la tâche. Nous avons en effet montré que l’arrêt de l’effort d’un exercice de squat isométrique, conduit jusqu'à épuisement, est associé à une défaillance de l’activation centrale volontaire, qui précède l'atteinte du seuil critique de fatigue. Enfin, l'application de ces données et concepts théoriques à l'exercice réalisé sur une plateforme à instabilité servo-assistée (imoove) a permis de montrer que ce type d’outil permet un recrutement accru des muscles posturaux et de l’équilibre comparé à un exercice réalisé sur une surface stable, sans compromettre la fatigue et le recrutement des muscles locomoteurs, déterminants des adaptations positives à l'entraînement. / This doctorate thesis focused on the mechanisms involved in the control of peripheral fatigue during exercise and on the consequences of this regulation on exercise tolerance. We first demonstrated that performance during repeated sprints – a trial during which the central motor drive is activated at its maximal voluntary level – is tightly regulated to avoid the development of peripheral fatigue beyond a critical threshold. We then showed that the attainment of the plateau phase of performance, characterized by a constant power output until the last sprint, was closely linked to the attainment of the critical threshold of peripheral fatigue, independently of the recovery duration between sprints. These firsts results demonstrated that central motor drive and power output are regulated during repeated sprints in order to limit the development of peripheral fatigue beyond a critical threshold. However, the role of this regulatory mechanism is task-dependent. Indeed, we showed that time to task failure during the first repetitions of a sustained submaximal isometric contraction is likely associated with failure in central activation of motor units, which precede the attainment of the critical threshold of peripheral fatigue. We then developed applied research protocols on imoove, a servo-assisted instability device for training composed by a board that can move in the three-dimensional plans. Because greater trunk and ankle muscles activity was achieved in imoove without compromising lower limb muscles activity and fatigue, this device may provide sufficient muscle overload to simultaneously develop locomotor, postural and balance muscles.

Esta pesquisa foi realizada mediante averiguação bibliográfica de legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência pátrias e estrangeiras, em âmbito processual civil e penal, sob o enfoque comparativo no que diz respeito à persuasão racional e às limitações probatórias incidentes em ambas as sedes analisadas. O estudo adota como referencial teórico a concepção de Dworkin do direito como integridade, em compatibilização com a doutrina da prioridade local que determina o respeito aos limites das subdivisões do direito, delineadas na prática pela comunidade , ao analisar a diversidade de princípios morais, políticos e jurídicos subjacentes ao sistema de apreciação das provas no direito processual civil e no direito processual penal. As limitações ao livre convencimento, (traduzido na fórmula da persuasão racional), são avaliadas na medida em que influenciem ou contribuam para a análise dos sistemas de apreciação adotados, sem pretensão de esgotamento do tema das limitações probatórias. A comparação dos sistemas de persuasão racional civil e penal é realizada sob a perspectiva das tendências a um processo ideal e garantista em cada uma destas esferas. A partir desta avaliação, é demonstrado que, embora seja usual a assertiva de que ambos os sistemas se guiem pela livre persuasão racional do juiz quanto à apreciação das provas, a aplicação desse princípio se materializa de maneira diversa no processo civil e no processo penal, devido às distintas finalidades e estruturas de cada um dos processos que, por sua vez, são determinadas por princípios morais, políticos e jurídicos de ordem diversa. / The present study was conducted based on a bibliographic examination of Brazilian and international legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence comparing civil and criminal procedures in respect of rational persuasion and probative limitations occurring to the two areas under analysis. The theoretical reference for this study was based on Dworkins concept of the right as integrity compatible with the local priority doctrine which establishes respect to the limits of Law subdivisions, outlined in practice by the community, when analyzing the diversity of moral, political and legal principles that underlie the system for evidence consideration in civil procedural Law and in criminal procedural Law. Limitations of free persuasion, (translated into the rational persuasion formula) are evaluated in as much as they influence or contribute to the analysis of the consideration systems adopted without intending to exhaust the theme of probative limitations. Comparison of the systems of civil and criminal rational persuasion is made from the perspective of trends to an ideal and assured procedure in each one of these spheres. From this evaluation, we demonstrate that, although it is an usual assertion that both systems are guided by the Judges free rational persuasion as to evidence consideration, application of this principle to civil or criminal procedure differs due to distinct purposes and structures of each one of the procedures which, in turn, are determined by moral political and legal principles of a different order.

A desapropriação, instituto de direito público, ao longo dos tempos, vem sofrendo profundas modificações, as quais são abordadas no presente trabalho, analisadas a partir da evolução histórica da matéria no direito alienígena e no brasileiro. Após discorrermos sobre o conceito de desapropriação, seus elementos e características, bem como tecermos comentários sobre as diversas espécies de desapropriação, passamos ao estudo de três normas recentes que tiveram relevante impacto sobre os contornos do instituto: a Lei de responsabilidade fiscal (Lei Complementar 101/00), que exige um planejamento financeiro administrativo antes de que seja dado início ao processo expropriatório; o Estatuto da Cidade (Lei 10.257/2001) que criou duas novas modalidades de desapropriação; e, por fim, o Código Civil de 2002 que, com claro escopo social, regulamenta uma outra forma de desapropriação, a chamada desapropriação judicial. Além disso, esta mesma legislação afeta diretamente a prática da ação de desapropriação indireta, especialmente no que se refere ao prazo prescricional. Desta maneira, concluímos nosso trabalho com a caracterização da desapropriação como um instituto que adquiriu sua feição atual por meio de um processo contínuo de modificações originadas não somente por questões jurídicas, mas também por aspectos políticos e sociais, que fazem com que a desapropriação se encontre em constante desenvolvimento e demande profundos estudos por parte da doutrina. / The expropriation (or compulsory purchase), a public Law institution, throughout time, has been passing through extreme modifications, that are discussed in this essay, analyzed from the subjects historic evolution in foreign and Brazilian law. After the study of the expropriation concept, its elements and characteristics, as well as the commentary of the expropriations diverse species, we pass to the study of three recent laws that had relevant impact over the outline of the institution: Fiscal Responsibility Law (LC 101/00), that demands a financial and administrative planning before the expropriation process beginning; City Statute (L. 10.257/2001), that created two new expropriation models; and, finally, 2002 Civil Code, that with indubitably social purpose, regulate another expropriation form, called judiciary expropriation. Besides that, this same legislation affects directly the taking, or injurious affection, action practice, especially in which concerns to the prescription deadline. In this matter, we conclude our essay with the expropriations characterization as an institution that acquired its current feature by the means of a continuous process originated not only by juridical questions, but also by political and social aspects, that caused a constant developing expropriation, demanding deep doctrinaire studies.

Autonomy in multi-robot systems is bounded by coordination among its agents. Coordination implies simultaneous task decomposition, task allocation, team formation, task scheduling and routing; collectively termed as task planning. In many real-world applications of multi-robot systems such as commercial cleaning, delivery systems, warehousing and inventory management: spatial & temporal constraints, variable execution time, and energy limitations need to be integrated into the planning module. Spatial constraints comprise of the location of the tasks, their reachability, and the structure of the environment; temporal constraints express task completion deadlines. There has been significant research in multi-robot task allocation involving spatio-temporal constraints. However, limited attention has been paid to combine them with team formation and non- instantaneous task execution time. We achieve team formation by including quota constraints which ensure to schedule the number of robots required to perform the task. We introduce and integrate task activation (time) windows with the team effort of multiple robots in performing tasks for a given duration. Additionally, while visiting tasks in space, energy budget affects the robots operation time. We map energy depletion as a function of time to ensure long-term operation by periodically visiting recharging stations. Research on task planning approaches which combines all these conditions is still lacking. In this thesis, we propose two variants of Team Orienteering Problem with task activation windows and limited energy budget to formulate the simultaneous task allocation and scheduling as an optimization problem. A complete mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for both variants is presented in this work, implemented using Gurobi Optimizer and analyzed for scalability. This work compares the different objectives of the formulation like maximizing the number of tasks visited, minimizing the total distance travelled, and/or maximizing the reward, to suit various applications. Finally, analysis of optimal solutions discover trends in task selection based on the travel cost, task completion rewards, robot's energy level, and the time left to task inactivation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauro Alves de Araujo.pdf: 1639220 bytes, checksum: db8290170a360c76c2258ab68fc33c9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-20 / The present study, using itself the doctrine most authorized, both national and international, as well as our jurisprudence, it aims to demonstrate that the property right does not have the imagined absolutism when of the creation of related right. In contrast, it will be observed in the course of the work that always had limitations in the property law. It is undeniable that in the pass codes were created to limit, more and more, the right of property, aiming to attend, especially, the propose that the property has in the law and in the society. It is intended, with this, to alert that the property right cannot be exerted of individual form, as the society where we live cannot oppose to this exercise, if contrary its interests. Many of the limitations aim at, essentially, not the occurrence of the destruction of the property rights its bearers, when it has the exercise for two or more titular holders, even if there are despite of diverse properties. But what it is verified is a socialization in the property right, not intended it for the defenders of the communism, but yet a pretension of that the property reaches, also, collective interests, and not only the individual ones. The development of the work is initiated with one brief historical vision of the right of property in our law, passing to a demonstration of the property, with its elements, characteristics and northerly principals, searching to present the reasons that had led to the mitigation of the absolutism in the right of real state property. Later, with the presentation of some causes of the mitigation of this right, it is transferred to the analysis of the legal nature of the limitations, and to each one of the reasons that lead to the limitation, with the demonstration in each one of the limits imposed to the holder of the property right. It is finished with the study of most important in the present time of the limitations imposed to the bearer of the property right, the social function of the property, with the examination of some of its subspecies. The conclusive notes aim to demonstrate to the reader that the absolutism never had the character intended for its defenders and the reasons of this stigma in addition so repudiated in the present time / O presente estudo, valendo-se da doutrina mais autorizada, tanto nacional como estrangeira, bem como de nossa jurisprudência, visa a demonstrar que o direito de propriedade não tem o absolutismo imaginado quando da criação de referido direito. Ao contrário, observar-se-á no curso do trabalho que limitações sempre houve no direito de propriedade. Inegável que no decorrer do tempo foram criados novos institutos a limitar, cada vez mais, o direito de propriedade, visando a atender, especialmente, o fim que a propriedade tem no direito e na sociedade. Pretende-se, com isso, alertar que o direito de propriedade não pode ser exercido de forma individual, como se a sociedade em que vivemos não possa se opor a este exercício, se contrário a seus interesses. Muitas das limitações visam, essencialmente, à não ocorrência do aniquilamento do direito de propriedade a seus titulares, quando há o exercício por dois ou mais titulares, ainda que de propriedades diversas. Mas o que se verifica é uma socialização no direito de propriedade, não o pretendido pelos defensores do comunismo, mas sim uma pretensão de que a propriedade atinja, também, interesses coletivos, e não apenas o individual. O desenvolvimento do trabalho inicia-se com uma breve visão histórica do direito de propriedade no nosso direito, passando a uma demonstração do bem propriedade, com seus elementos, características e princípios norteadores, buscando apresentar as razões que levaram à mitigação do absolutismo no direito de propriedade imobiliária. Posteriormente, com a apresentação de algumas das causas da mitigação desse direito de propriedade, passa-se à análise da natureza jurídica das limitações e a cada uma das razões que levam à limitação, com a demonstração em cada qual do ou dos limites impostos ao titular do direito de propriedade. Finaliza-se com o estudo da mais importante na atualidade das limitações impostas ao titular do direito de propriedade, a função social da propriedade, com o exame de algumas de suas subespécies. As notas conclusivas visam a fechar o trabalho de uma forma a demonstrar ao leitor que o absolutismo jamais teve o caráter pretendido por seus defensores e as razões da quebra deste estigma tão repudiado na atualidade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSANA CARVALHO CARDOSO FERREIRA LEITE.pdf: 3664459 bytes, checksum: b096fab0c93d4b9ed9405c07be035cba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / This research is a study of the advances and limitations of application of Law No.11.977/2009,under the aspect of Regularization of Social Interest in Goiânia. It is also the study of how the implementation of the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida law has brought about the real achievement of citizenship, by promoting the regularization of social interest, and by guaranteeing the right to housing, under the aspects of the social function of land and of the democratization of access to it. The study was prepared using literature review of existing legislation and field research experience in Jardim Mariliza. It is this a case of regularization of a public square where several families were settled. Later, the area was removed for the purpose of regularization of social interest, making it the block 86-A in Jardim Mariliza where families earned the right to ownership of their urban settlement. / A presente pesquisa é um estudo dos avanços e limitações da aplicação da Lei nº 11.977/2009, sob o aspecto da Regularização Fundiária de Interesse Social em Goiânia. É, ainda, o estudo de como a aplicação da Lei do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida tem buscado a conquista real da cidadania, ao promover a regularização fundiária de interesse social, garantindo o direito à moradia, sob os aspectos da função social da terra e da democratização do acesso a ela. O trabalho foi elaborado por uma revisão bibliográfica da legislação vigente e pesquisa de campo da experiência do Jardim Mariliza. Trata-se esta de um caso concreto de regularização fundiária de uma praça pública onde foram assentadas várias famílias. Posteriormente, a área foi desafetada para fins de regularização fundiária de interesse social, tornando-se a quadra 86-A do Jardim Mariliza, cujas famílias conquistaram o direito à titularidade de suas posses urbanas.

Apesar dos modelos usados em engenharia serem, em sua maioria, reconhecidamente aproximados, acredita-se que a matemática usada na física e nos próprios modelos é infinitamente precisa e que tais teorias físicas poderiam prever completamente qualquer evento relacionado às variáveis equacionadas. No limite, seria possível prever o estado do universo em qualquer instante, crença esta chamada de determinismo. Claro está que essa pretensão é apenas de princípio, sendo impossível na prática. No entanto, pesquisas sobre os fundamentos da matemática e outras teorias matemáticas desenvolvidas no século XX sugerem que a matemática (e, consequentemente, a física) teria certos limites inerentes. A análise feita nesta tese fundamenta seus argumentos na Teoria das Funções Recursivas e Computabilidade Efetiva e na Teoria do Caos Determinístico. O objetivo principal é tratar de apurar a existência de limites inerentes e como tais limites se aplicariam aos sistemas elétricos de potência (mais especificamente nos tópicos fluxo de carga, transitórios eletromecânicos, transitórios eletromagnéticos e eletrônica de potência) e à engenharia de controle. / Although the models used in engineering are, in most cases, admittedly approximated, it is believed that the Mathematics used in Physics and in these models, is infinitely precise and that such physical theories could fully predict any event related to variables in equations. In the limit, it would be possible to predict the state of the universe at any moment, this belief is called determinism. It is clear that this claim is only in principle, impossible in practice. However, research on the foundations of Mathematics and other mathematical theories developed in the 20th century suggest that the Mathematics (and hence Physics) would have certain inherent limitations. The analysis made in this thesis has the arguments based on the Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability and the Theory of Deterministic Chaos. The main objective is to find out the existence of inherent limits and how these limits could be applied to electric power systems (more specifically to the topics load flow, electromechanical transient and electromagnetic transient and power electronics) and control engineering.

Nesta dissertação são analisados os contratos de lease-back perante a lei brasileira. Lease-back é uma modalidade de arrendamento mercantil financeiro em que o vendedor do bem e o arrendatário são a mesma pessoa jurídica. Desde 1930, teorias econômicas, políticas e jurídicas têm debatido a importância de propriedade e controle de bens no capitalismo, sendo hoje geralmente aceito que empresas não precisam ter a propriedade dos ativos para desenvolver suas atividades. Neste contexto, operações de lease-back podem ser usadas pelas empresas como uma fonte alternativa de financiamento, em que se dispõe do direito de propriedade sem perder o direito de usar e fruir dos ativos. O foco desta dissertação consiste em analisar (i) o que é um contrato de lease-back; (ii) os elementos de contratos de lease-back; e (iii) a legalidade de contratos de lease-back perante a lei brasileira, especialmente em vista da proibição do pacto comissório em direitos reais de garantia (penhor, hipoteca e anticrese) e na alienação fiduciária em garantia. / This dissertation analyzes lease-back agreements under Brazilian law. Lease-back is a type of finance lease (arrendamento mercantil financeiro) wherein the seller of the asset and the lessee are the same legal entity. Since 1930s economic, political and legal theories have debated the importance of ownership and control in capitalism and nowadays it is commonly accepted that companies do not need to retain ownership of their assets to develop their business. In this context, lease-back transactions can be used by companies as an alternative source of financing, by disposing of the ownership of their assets without losing the right to use them. The focus of this dissertation is to analyze (i) what is a leaseback agreement; (ii) the elements of lease-back agreements; and (iii) the legality of leaseback agreements under Brazilian law especially in view of potential violation to rules prohibiting pactum commissorium in agreements involving in rem security interests (pledge, mortgage and antichresis) or chattel mortgage (alienação fiduciária em garantia).