Através do presente trabalho, demonstra-se que a função social da empresa é o fundamento e a justificativa para o reconhecimento e a proteção de interesses alheios aos dos sócios na sociedade limitada. Nos três primeiros capítulos, o objetivo é apontar qual o fundamento teórico da funcionalização do direito de propriedade, quais corolários dela decorrem e qual a sua importância para o exercício da empresa. Defende-se que a função social da propriedade é imperativo decorrente da ordem jurídica do mercado, moldada principalmente pelo princípio da solidariedade social. Por sua vez, a função social da empresa é corolário da função social da propriedade. Sustenta-se que a funcionalização do exercício da empresa repercute no exercício da atividade empresarial, acarretando obrigações positivas e negativas aos sócios majoritários (controladores) e administradores das sociedades empresárias, assim como incide sobre o exercício do direito de propriedade de parcelas do capital, do que decorrem obrigações atinentes aos sócios. A partir do capítulo quarto, objetiva-se sistematizar a composição de interesses na sociedade limitada, em abordagem que inclui tanto os conflitos que envolvem os sócios entre si, como os que os vinculam a terceiros, como a própria sociedade, os credores, os empregados, etc. No primeiro aspecto, versa-se sobre: deliberações sociais; o direito de recesso como forma de resolução de conflitos entre os sócios; a dissolução parcial como instrumento para assegurar a liberdade de não permanecer associado; as restrições ao exercício abusivo da administração; a transparência como instrumento de preservação dos interesses dos minoritários; o direito de participação nos lucros e no acervo social em caso de dissolução e liquidação da sociedade; o direito à manutenção da mesma proporção no capital social e o acordo de quotista como instrumento de composição de interesses. No segundo, sobre o conflito de interesses entre a sociedade e o sócio, em razão do exercício do direito de voto; a exclusão dos sócios nas modalidades de resolução da sociedade em relação ao sócio minoritário, da exclusão do sócio majoritário e do sócio remisso; aspectos da composição do capital social; os efeitos externos da sociedade, em abordagem que apreciará as conseqüências da autonomia patrimonial, a responsabilidade dos sócios e administradores e a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica; aspectos da proteção dos interesses dos empregados e da preservação do meio ambiente. A partir da análise doutrinária e jurisprudencial, demonstra-se como o princípio da função social da empresa é importante para a composição de interesses na sociedade limitada. / Through the present work we demonstrate that the social function of the firm is the basis as well as the evidence for the acknowledgment and protection minoritys and stakeholders interests in the private limited partnership. In the three first chapters it is analyzed the theoretical basis for the functionalization of the property right. It is supported that the property social function is mandatory due to the market juridical order shaped mainly by the social solidarity principle. The social function of the firm, in its turn, is corollary of the property social function. It also falls upon the exercise of property right of the capital portions of which elapse obligations which are referent to the partners. In the others chapters, the aim is to systemize the composition of interests in the private limited partnership, in an approach that includes conflicts which involve the partners among themselves as well as the ones which entail them to stakeholders, like the society itself, creditors, employees, etc. In the first aspect it runs upon social decisions; the right of recess as a way to solve conflicts among partners; the partial dissolution as an instrument to assure freedom of not continuing associated; the restrictions to the abusive exercise of management; transparency as an instrument of preservation of the minoritys interests: the right of participation in the profits and in the social patrimony in case of dissolution and liquidation of the society; the right of maintaining the same proportion in the social capital and the partners agreement as an instrument of composing interests. In the second one, concerning the conflict of interests between the society and the partner, due to the right of voting; the exclusion of partners in the modalities of resolution of society concerning the minority partner; of the exclusion of the majority partner as well as of the careless partner; aspects of the composition of the social capital. The external effects of the society, in approach which will appreciate the consequences of patrimonial autonomy, partners and managers responsibility and juridical personality disrespect; aspects of the protection of employees interests and environment preservation. Departing from the doctrinaire and jurisprudential analysis it is demonstrated how the principle of the enterprises social function is important for the composition of interests in the limited society.

Através do presente trabalho, demonstra-se que a função social da empresa é o fundamento e a justificativa para o reconhecimento e a proteção de interesses alheios aos dos sócios na sociedade limitada. Nos três primeiros capítulos, o objetivo é apontar qual o fundamento teórico da funcionalização do direito de propriedade, quais corolários dela decorrem e qual a sua importância para o exercício da empresa. Defende-se que a função social da propriedade é imperativo decorrente da ordem jurídica do mercado, moldada principalmente pelo princípio da solidariedade social. Por sua vez, a função social da empresa é corolário da função social da propriedade. Sustenta-se que a funcionalização do exercício da empresa repercute no exercício da atividade empresarial, acarretando obrigações positivas e negativas aos sócios majoritários (controladores) e administradores das sociedades empresárias, assim como incide sobre o exercício do direito de propriedade de parcelas do capital, do que decorrem obrigações atinentes aos sócios. A partir do capítulo quarto, objetiva-se sistematizar a composição de interesses na sociedade limitada, em abordagem que inclui tanto os conflitos que envolvem os sócios entre si, como os que os vinculam a terceiros, como a própria sociedade, os credores, os empregados, etc. No primeiro aspecto, versa-se sobre: deliberações sociais; o direito de recesso como forma de resolução de conflitos entre os sócios; a dissolução parcial como instrumento para assegurar a liberdade de não permanecer associado; as restrições ao exercício abusivo da administração; a transparência como instrumento de preservação dos interesses dos minoritários; o direito de participação nos lucros e no acervo social em caso de dissolução e liquidação da sociedade; o direito à manutenção da mesma proporção no capital social e o acordo de quotista como instrumento de composição de interesses. No segundo, sobre o conflito de interesses entre a sociedade e o sócio, em razão do exercício do direito de voto; a exclusão dos sócios nas modalidades de resolução da sociedade em relação ao sócio minoritário, da exclusão do sócio majoritário e do sócio remisso; aspectos da composição do capital social; os efeitos externos da sociedade, em abordagem que apreciará as conseqüências da autonomia patrimonial, a responsabilidade dos sócios e administradores e a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica; aspectos da proteção dos interesses dos empregados e da preservação do meio ambiente. A partir da análise doutrinária e jurisprudencial, demonstra-se como o princípio da função social da empresa é importante para a composição de interesses na sociedade limitada. / Through the present work we demonstrate that the social function of the firm is the basis as well as the evidence for the acknowledgment and protection minoritys and stakeholders interests in the private limited partnership. In the three first chapters it is analyzed the theoretical basis for the functionalization of the property right. It is supported that the property social function is mandatory due to the market juridical order shaped mainly by the social solidarity principle. The social function of the firm, in its turn, is corollary of the property social function. It also falls upon the exercise of property right of the capital portions of which elapse obligations which are referent to the partners. In the others chapters, the aim is to systemize the composition of interests in the private limited partnership, in an approach that includes conflicts which involve the partners among themselves as well as the ones which entail them to stakeholders, like the society itself, creditors, employees, etc. In the first aspect it runs upon social decisions; the right of recess as a way to solve conflicts among partners; the partial dissolution as an instrument to assure freedom of not continuing associated; the restrictions to the abusive exercise of management; transparency as an instrument of preservation of the minoritys interests: the right of participation in the profits and in the social patrimony in case of dissolution and liquidation of the society; the right of maintaining the same proportion in the social capital and the partners agreement as an instrument of composing interests. In the second one, concerning the conflict of interests between the society and the partner, due to the right of voting; the exclusion of partners in the modalities of resolution of society concerning the minority partner; of the exclusion of the majority partner as well as of the careless partner; aspects of the composition of the social capital. The external effects of the society, in approach which will appreciate the consequences of patrimonial autonomy, partners and managers responsibility and juridical personality disrespect; aspects of the protection of employees interests and environment preservation. Departing from the doctrinaire and jurisprudential analysis it is demonstrated how the principle of the enterprises social function is important for the composition of interests in the limited society.

現代創業投資活動主要崛起於第二次世界大戰後，我國自1984年引進創投事業發展迄今，對科技事業之發展頗具成效。然自2000年起政府基於租稅公平，取消促進產業升級條例原來賦予創投事業股東的投資抵減優惠，使得我國創投事業資金來源大幅減少。 目前我國創投事業面臨的困境有：一、資金募集困難；二、投資績效不彰；三、國內投資案源不足；四、欠缺熟悉國外創投運作的人才；五、國內外創業投資事業組織型態之不同；六、尚未能開放退休基金投資創投事業。 本研究係探討創投事業法制上相關問題，主要發現節錄如下：一、我國對創投事業之管制方式，已由管理放寬為輔導協助。二、建議適度放寬創投事業之資金來源限制。創投事業之資金來源甚廣，本研究討論之範圍為金融機構之投資限制、政府基金及四大基金之投資等。其中，放寬四大基金投資創投事業，向來為國內創投業界及創投公會之期望，然數年來仍未能達成該項目標。主要為：1.相關法令之限制，2.投資創投事業之風險控管問題。三、利用資本市場活動，協助創投事業退出。四、我國創投事業大部份係委託基金管理公司來管理，故形成雙層的公司治理結構，與國外創投契約型的治理結構不盡相同。五、引進國外有限合夥法制，與國際接軌。 惟引進有限合夥組織時，需考量制度本身之優劣，國情及使用者需求之不同。在有限合夥制度中，一般合夥人必須負無限清償責任，另一方面有限合夥人僅扮演出資者，完全不介入管理。對我國現行投資者習慣依出資比例，分配董監事席次，是否願意僅出資而不介入經營，尚待評估。 / The modern venture capital activities were incepted after World War II. The operation of venture capital were introduced to Taiwan in 1984, having a beneficial impact to the development of Taiwan’s science and high technology. However, since 2000 for the sake of Tax Equity, Our government abolish The Statute for Upgrading Industries was given to venture capital investment in the cause of the shareholders preferential credit, making the cause of Taiwan’s venture capital funding sources substantially reduced. Currently, Taiwan’s venture capital business is facing difficulties are: first, fund-raising is difficult; Second, poor investment performance; Third, the case of domestic investment was not enough; Fourth, the lack of venture capitalist are familiar with the operation of foreign talent; five, types of organizations of domestic and foreign venture capital business are different; six, have not allow pension fund to invest in venture capital business. In this study, is to explore the legal system on venture capital related issues, excerpts from major findings are as follows: First, The control of Taiwan’s venture capital business is from management to relax for the guidance and assistance. Second, it is proposed to deregulate venture capital funding source restrictions. Venture capital business have a wide range of funding sources, this study is to discuss the scope of financial institutions of investment restrictions, government funds and four pension funds. Among them, the relaxation of four pension funds wae the domestic venture capital industry and the Association of venture capital’s expectations, but over the years fail to reach the goal. Mainly for: 1. Relevant legal’s restrictions, 2. The risk management issues of venture capital business. Third, the use of capital market activities to withdraw from the venture capital business. Fourth, the majority of Taiwan’s venture capital business is managed by fund management company, so it’s formed a two-tier corporate governance structure, with foreign venture contractual governance structure is different. Fifth, the introduction of foreign limited partnership law. However, the introduction of a limited partner organizations, is need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the system itself, the national conditions and needs of different users. In the limited partnership system, the general partner must bear the responsibility of unlimited liquidity, on the other hand, limited partner only play a role of investors, and not allow to intervene the management of venture capital business. Habits of our existing investors is familiar with in accordance with the proportion of funding, to allocate the seats of the Director board, are doubtful only willing to finance and not to intervene the operation, yet to be evaluated.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá systémy zdanění veřejné obchodní společnosti a komanditní společnosti, konkrétně daní z příjmů a srovnáním právních úprav v České republice a ve vybraných státech Evropské unie. V první části jsou vymezeny základní pojmy a charakteristiky osobních obchodních společností v České republice, dále se práce zabývá daňovým systémem České republiky v kontextu Evropské unie a současným stavem harmonizace. V dalších částech jsou postupně charakterizovány systémy zdanění daní z příjmů v Německu, Španělsku, Velké Británii a Belgii. Cílem této práce je srovnání jednotlivých právních úprav, zhodnocení a možnosti případných změn.

Nordic Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) play an important role in providing sustainable development for Africa which accordance with their mandates.  By investing in private equity Funds in Africa, investee companies have covered various sectors inAfricawhich may not only improve economic development but also increase employment. Additionally, investing in a Fund can spread risk through diversifications and help DFIs to share knowledge with Fund manager in local presence.   This study analyzes the management control systems (MCS) of DFIs’ investing in private equity Funds, wherein we mainly focus on output control and behavior control which are two types of control widely discussed in previous research and literature. Hereby we set three hypotheses based on our research and get findings to support the research questions, which are: 1.      DFIs use output control mechanism with contractual framework to secure their investment. Output control sets standards as to targets. It plays a fundamental role in the control process, as the contractual framework is short of standardized in private equity industry and Fund managers are selected strictly during screening process.   2.      DFIs use behavior control to interact with Fund managers. Behavior control means appropriate instruction and guidelines imposed as results become foreseeable during the monitoring process. It becomes a central element where DFIs have to interact with Fund managers to track the investment progress & development effect, including investment decision making.   3.      DFIs’ syndicated investment affects their control activities. Nordic DFIs’ investment strategy is making co-investment in Funds. When more parties are involved, the monitoring and control process become different compared with only one investor and it is affected by syndicated investment. While we did not deeply explore the control mechanism and process under syndication investment by either quantitative & qualitative method or case studying approach, we conclude that it does exist based on communication with interviewees.   The word “Control” looks like a bureaucratic word. However, we found that Alignment is essential in control process for each partners while behavior control helps to assure the alignment. We think that control process become less difficult when previous strict selection of trust partner is successful. We suggest that the alignment between DFIs and other investors as well as Funds should be strengthened in the control process, so that investment objectives can be well realized.   Besides Nordic DFIs, Africa also benefits from others such asChina’s “going global” strategy to encourage outward FDI. China-Africa Development Fund (CADFund) is the first Fund focused specially on large scale investment in Africa among Private Equity Funds inChina. China Development Bank (CDB) is the shareholder of CADFund, who provide resources and support to CADFund. By briefly comparing Nordic DFIs and CADFund, we found they use similar investment instruments and also similar strategies, such as investment in less developed countries inAfricato improve economic conditions, support home companies investing in Africa etc. Including an analysis on CAD as well as the comparison with Nordic DFIs not only strengthen the understanding of DFIs’ activities in Africa, but also clarify the different investment characteristics of Western and Eastern investors in Africa. We also suggest that Nordic DFIs and CADFund can share experience and knowledge to promote sustainable development for Africa. / Nordic Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) spelar en viktig roll för att skapa en hållbar utveckling för Afrika i linje med dess mandat. Genom att investera i private Equity-fonder i Afrika har investeringsföretagen täckt olika sektorer i Afrika, något som inte bara kan förbättra den ekonomiska utvecklingen, utan även öka sysselsättningen. Dessutom kan investering i fonder sprida risker genom diversifiering och hjälpa instituten för DFI att sprida kunskaper från fondförvaltare på lokal närvaro. Denna studie analyserar ledningskontrollsystemet för DFIs’ investeringar i private Equity-fonder och vi fokuserar främst på produktions- och beteendekontroll, Dessa är de två typer av styrning som allmänt diskuteras i tidigare forskning och litteratur. Härmed ställer vi upp följande tre hypoteser som är baserade på relevant forskning och slutsats för att stödja nedslående hypoteserna: 1. DFIs använder en produktionskontrollmekanism med avtalsram för att säkerställa sina investeringar. Produktionskontroll-mekanismen är en metod som sätter standard enligt målet. Denna metod fungerar som den mest grundläggande i kontrollprocessen, eftersom avtalsramarna redan är standardiserade i privata Equity-fonder och fondförvaltaren är omsorsgsfullt valda i den initiala urvalsprocessen. 2. DFIs använder kontroll av beteende för att interagera med fondförvaltare. Beteendekontroll används beroende på utfall av investesteringen, och i denna kontrollprocess verkställs lämpliga instruktioner och riktlinjer efter resultat. DFI och fondförvaltaren samarbetar här för att följa investeringsprocessen och utvecklingseffekten, däribland också att fatta investeringsbeslut. 3. DFIs' saminvesteringar i fonder kommer att påverka dess kontrollverksamhet. DFI investeringsstrategier är att göra saminvesteringar i fonder. När flera partier är inblandade blir spårande- och kontrollprocessen annorlunda jämfört med endast en investerare och detta är påverkad av sammarbetsinvesteringar. Även om vi inte gjorde en djup undersökning av kontrollmekanism och processen under sammarbetsinvestering gällande kvantitativ och kvalitativ metoder eller fältstudier. Men vi sammanfattar detta att det existerar via kommunikation med intervjuer i föreliggande studie kan vi sammanfattningsvis slå fast att styrningen via fonder påverkas av att en DFI inte ensamt investerar i en fond. Ordet "kontroll" (på svenska snarare ”styrning”) kan låta byråkratiskt, men vi kommer fram till att kontrollprocessen huvudsakligen sker i samförstånd för varje part, medan beteendekontroll underlättar samförståndet. Vi tror att kontrollprocessen blir mindre komplicerad när val av godtrogna parter lyckas. Vi föreslår ett utökat samarbete mellan DFIs och andra investerare och fonder under kontrollprocessen, så att investeringsmålen kan uppnås. Förutom investeringar från nordiska DFIer drar Afrika också fördel av andra initiativ, såsom Kinas "going global"-strategi för att uppmuntra direkta utlandsinvesteringar. Den Kinesisk-Afrikanska Utvecklingsfonden (CADFund) är den första fonden som fokuserar speciellt på strategiska investeringar, med det största antalet private Equity-fonder i Kina, medan Kinesiska utvecklingsbanken (CDB) är aktieägare till CADFund, och förser fonden med resurser och stöd. Genom en kort jämförelse av Nordic DFIs och CADfund fann vi att liknande investeringsinstrument med samma strategi används, såsom investering i mindre utvecklade länder i Afrika för att förbättra de ekonomiska villkoren, hjälpa företag från respektive hemland att investera i Afrika etc. Detta kan också stärka förståelsen för DFIs verksamhet i Afrika. Vi har valt att även analysera CADFund samt göra en jämförelse med de nordiska DFIs, vilket inte bara stärkt vår förståelse av DFIernas aktiviteter i Afrika, men också hjälpt till att förstå och klargöra skillnader mellan investerare från väst respektive öst när det gäller investeringar i Afrika. Vi föreslår även att nordiska DFIs och CADfond kan dela erfarenhet och kunskap för främjande av den hållbara utvecklingen i Afrika. / 摘  要      北欧发展金融组织构成了为非洲提供可持续发展的重要组成部分，这也符合其运作的使命。通过投资在非洲的私募股权基金，受资公司覆盖非洲的各行业，这不仅促进了当地经济的发展，而且也增加了就业机会。与此同时，投资于基金能够分散风险，并且北欧金融组织能够和当地的基金经理分享投资经验与知识。 本文分析了北欧发展金融组织投资私募股权基金采用的管理控制流程，我们重点研究产出控制和行为控制，这两种控制方法在以前的研究和文献中也被广泛提及。同时我们基于相关理论提出三种假设并得出结论来支持研究问题，它们是：   1.北欧发展金融组织采用产出控制方法及一系列合同及框架条款来保证他们的投资.    产出控制指的是一种根据目标设立标准的控制方法，它在控制控制中起着基础性的作用，因为合同条在这个行业已经基本标准化，而且它们在筛选基金经理时有严格的条件。    2.北欧发展金融组织采用行为控制方法来影响制约基金经理。     行为控制指当结果可以预知时，在控制过程中采用适当的规范和准则.当北欧发展金融组织与基金经理互动来跟踪投资进展，发展效应，以及做投资决定时，它就变得至关重要。   3.北欧发展金融组织的联合投资将会影响到他们的控制行为。      北欧发展金融组织的投资策略是与其他组织共同投资于基金。当多方参与时，跟踪和控制流程就与只有一个投资者参与时不一样，而且其受联合投资的影响。虽然我们没有用定性和定量的方法甚至案例来深入研究在联合投资下的控制机制和流程，但是根据多方面的采访我们认为这个影响确实存在。       “控制”一词虽然听起来官僚，但是我们发现在控制流程中各方的精诚合作至关重要，同时行为控制也能加强这种合作。在这种情况下，我们认为在前期选择好合作伙伴后控制流程就变得相对简单。我们的建议是北欧发展金融组织和其他投资者以及其与基金的合作应该加强，从而实现更好的投资目标。       除了北欧发展金融组织外，非洲也受益于中国的“走出去”对外投资战略。中非发展基金是第一只也是中国最大的专注于非洲投资的私募股权基金。国家开发银行（国开行）是中非发展基金的股东,它可以为该基金提供项目资源与支持。通过对北欧发展金融组织和中非发展基金的简单对比，我们发现他们采用类似的投资工具和策略, 比如投资于非洲的不发达国家来改变当地的经济状况,支持本国企业在非洲投资等.这也将加强读者对北欧发展金融组织在非洲的认识。我们同时也建议北欧发展金融组织和中非发展基金之间能交流投资经验和知识来更好地推动非洲的可持续发展。

Determine the impact of tax reform on tax liability of individual contractor. Tax liability and impact on contractor's decision to change company's legal form.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ivan Lorena Vitale Jr.pdf: 388925 bytes, checksum: 3ff6d4bb0f3717d06d635d90cfa79db9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-12 / ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to discuss about the partnership organ in the limited partnership, not putting aside the changes that happened with the beginning of the Civil Code of 2002 and the institutional way that the new law caused in these juridical institutes. This kind of partnership has great importance in the Brazilian juridical system as it represents the most used kind of partnership. This paper is divided into three chapters: the fist one characterizes the new administrative structure in the limited partnership as the identification of the new structures with the meaningful changes in the status of the new administrator and the instruments of designation and its new responsibilities, mainly the ultra vires theory. The second chapter discusses about the newness of legislative forecast of the fiscal council to the limited partnership in all its aspects, even if it is a facultative organ. In the last chapter the partnership deliberations were analyzed, mainly the new partner assembly, above all in the partnerships with more than ten partners and the way the legislator wrote down the conduction of this institute. To sum up, the organs are really important in the partnership life so that without them the partnership could not practice the business acts. However, the focus is not the administrative aspects but the juridical ones, the way through the referred organs practice these acts related to the validity and its manifestations. / O objetivo desse trabalho é discorrer sobre os órgãos societários na sociedade limitada, tendo em vista, as modificações ocorridas com a entrada em vigor Código Civil de 2002 e a forma institucional que a nova lei começou a imprimir nestes institutos jurídicos, visto a importância que este tipo societário representa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro por representar o tipo mais usado pelas sociedades regularmente constituídas. O presente trabalho está dividido em três capítulos: o primeiro, cuja proposta é a caracterização da nova estrutura administrativa na sociedade limitada coma a identificação desta nova estrutura com as mudanças significativas quanto ao status do novo administrador e os instrumentos de designação e suas novas responsabilidades principalmente a teoria ultra vires . O segundo trata da novidade da previsão legislativa do conselho fiscal para a sociedade limitada em todos os seus aspectos, mesmo sendo um órgão facultativo caso previsto as previsões legislativas terão desdobramentos neste órgão societário. Por fim no último capítulo trabalhamos com as deliberações societárias, principalmente a novidade da assembléia de sócios, sobretudo nas sociedades com mais de dez sócios dando ênfase à forma como o legislador prescreve a condução deste instituto. Conclui-se que a importância dos órgãos na vida societária e de tal maneira que sem eles a sociedade não conseguiria praticar os atos da vida negocial, no entanto, o nosso enfoque não é no mérito de tais atos que na maioria das vezes interessa mais ao aspecto administrativo, mas pelo aspecto jurídico principalmente pela forma como o ato é praticado pelos referidos órgãos que pela maneira conduzida terão conseqüências no mundo jurídico principalmente com relação à validade de suas manifestações.

Univ., Diss.--Freiburg (Breisgau), 2003.

This thesis deals with tax implications. It is focused on the evaluation of the options of transferring to another business form in terms of tax burden. By processing the overall tax burden in various business forms will be proposed an option, which would bet he best for husbands Houfek in terms of tax. There will be also taken into account tax optimization using international revenues that husbands could arrives in connection with business development.

專門職業過去向以其負擔無限責任豎立專業形象，然英美等大型訴訟的發生反使得專業人士成了求償的「深口袋」，這正是英美有限責任合夥制度產生的濫觴。 英美的有限責任合夥立法初衷，係為律師、會計師等專業人士承擔無限責任尋求解套的途徑，而面對我國專門職業者如律師、會計師等，亦遭遇大案，面臨無限責任沈重負擔之際，本論文嘗試從英美法制，尤其是以美國法制為著眼點，尋求制度引進的可行性。事實上令專業負有限責任，在美國尚可組成專業公司或有限責任企業，然此兩種制度除了稅制考量外，也較偏向公司經營管理，甚至因為可以公開招募而容易觸動聯邦證券交易法的干預，也因此，有限責任合夥延續舊有合夥法律關係的組織特性，廣受傳統上以合夥成立的專業組織所青睞。 以美國有限責任合夥法制而言，其本質為合夥，因此其優勢為保有合夥諸多彈性自由的管理規則，賦予合夥人廣大的協議空間，另一方面使合夥人僅負有限責任，免除無限責任的負累，然反面觀之，其最爭議者在於債權人保護的疑慮，美國於2001年爆發恩隆弊案，涉案的安達信會計師事務所正是於伊利諾州註冊登記為有限責任合夥，有限責任合夥在恩隆案中於是受到前所未有的考驗，事實上在美國各州，也透過保險、獨立基金的設置甚至揭開面紗法則適用不同程度保障債權人。 相較之下，英國的有限責任合夥法制，則以公司法為其內涵，因此有限責任合夥法受到更多的管理與限制，除了內部管理沿襲合夥的規定外，在事務執行及破產清算等，均需依循公司法規的管制，在債權人保護上英國法則直接在其有限責任合夥法規定成員擔保及資產取回的機制。 本文認為在立法走向上，得借鏡美國法制，另立新法，使有限責任合夥維持其合夥本質，並賦予法人格，且加強債權人保護之配套措施，期能提供專業組織架構的另一選擇。 / Professionals such as accountants and lawyers used to keep its reputation by taking unlimited liability. However, such unlimited liability makes these professionals to be deep pockets, as the result of the frequent lawsuits in recent years. Due to this reason, adopting limited liability partnership (LLP) seems to be the solution. LLP is a form of doing business, combining the feature of a limited corporation and the flexibility of a general partnership. LLP in United Kingdom and United States all granted the privilege of limited liability to the innocent partners, also keeping their personal assets apart from the creditors’ claim. LLP is available to all types of business in UK; however, in some US states, the LLP is only available to specific licensed professionals. Because of the character of the limited liability, protecting the interest of the creditors would be the most significant problem. To solve this dilemma, US adopt several methods such as using the insurance, doctrine of piercing the veil and creating the asset segregation to balance the interest between the professionals and the creditors. In UK, the company law and insolvency law all tried to cover LLP, in order to keep the LLP’s assets as a guarantee to creditors; such laws also request to disclose important business information of prospective risks to the public. Besides, both UK and US laws require the word “LLP” must be specified in the name of any LLP organizations. In 2001, the Enron scandal was a shock to the world. Arthur Andersen, a well known LLP accounting firm which provides dishonest service for Enron, has triggered the debate of whether LLP is still appropriate. Therefore, my study is going to analyze the pros and cons of LLP in the following chapter. Because of the unlimited liability is the only choice for professionals in Taiwan, we are going to learn from the UK and US laws. As for my conclusion, it is necessary enact an LLP Act to provide an alternative to the professionals.