A tese tem por objetivo verificar se o autor português Eça de Queirós cumpre o trato feito com o editor Ernesto Chardron para editar A Capital! (2006), romance póstumo da coleção denominada Cenas Portuguesas (1877), de acutilar o mundo oficial, o mundo sentimental, o mundo literário, o mundo agrícola; obra que não trata de mulheres, nem de amores, mas de descrever os aspectos cruéis da vida literária em Lisboa (jornalistas, artistas, etc). Como resultado depreende-se que, embora o romance não tenha recebido as correções finais dentro dos padrões estéticos do ficcionista, os acervos das bibliotecas citadas, os jornais lidos tanto pelos membros da Família Corvelo, quanto pelas pessoas com as quais eles convivem tornaram viável a crítica direcionada pelo autor contra os grupos sociais por ele escolhidos, enquanto avalia e estabelece relações entre educação, literatura, política, profissão pública e dinheiro à medida que descreve diversas figurações de personagens-leitoras. / The thesis aims to verify if the portuguese author Eça de Queirós complies with the agreement made with the editor Ernesto Chardron to edit The Capital! (2006), posthumous novel of the collection called Portuguese Scenes (1877) The literary world, the agricultural world, a work that is not about women, nor about loves, but about describing the cruel aspects of literary life in Lisbon (journalists, artists, etc.). As a result it can be understood that although the novel has not received the final corrections within the aesthetic standards of the fictionist, the collections of the mentioned libraries, the newspapers read by both members of the Corvelo Family, as well as by the people with whom they coexist have made viable criticism Directed by the author against the social groups he chooses, while describing the relationship between education, literature, politics, public profession, and money as he describes several figurations of reader characters. Keywords: Journal. Reader. Lisbon. Literature. Literary Reception

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In Vielfalt geeint - so lautet das Motto, unter dem das Europäische Parlament arbeitet. In diesem Jahr wurde es neu gewählt. Zugleich feiert das Europaparlament sein 30-jähriges Bestehen. Beide Ereignisse sind Anlass, nicht nur Bilanz zu ziehen, sondern auch einen Blick in die Zukunft zu wagen.

Purpose of this Master thesis is to analyze, understand and evaluate current financial crisis from the leadership perspective. In order to achieve this aim we made literature analysis, conducted interviews, analyzed failure case of Lehman Brothers and case of NYSE Euronext Lisbon. Furthermore, we created a questionnaire which was sent to the biggest companies in Europe. According to our investigation, we found out that the most suitable methodological view for our research is a combination of analytical and system views. Analysis of our findings shows that financial crisis was highly caused of the failure of leadership in the financial sector. We found out that leaders have to be aware of these main problems: nowadays word is extremely interconnected and one variable can affect the whole system, huge short-term returns cannot marginalize long-term foresight, risk has to be measured and estimated, leaders has to pay a lot of attention to their strategies, plan, rethink and if it is necessary reshape them. Moreover, leaders now face more and more challenges: they have to react at the moment, to deal with world full of paradoxes and to take actions in order to increase level of confidence which creates more and more instability and chaos in the society.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Since democracy was developed in the ancient Greece it has come to be used within a small city state, within the national state and as today used within a bigger perspective. After the end of the second world war political leaders wanted to make sure that there would never be a war between European countries again. Now, about 60 years later this type of cooperation now involves 27 of the European countries and goes under the name of the Euroapean Union. This means that democracy is no longer used just within the nation state, but within a big organisation that is responsible for almost 500 million Europeans lives. This also means that the European Union need to make some institutional reforms to be able to handle all the future challenges. The European Union is often accused of not being democratic enough and in my thesis I wanted to see what if there were any suggestions for a more democratic union within the new Lisbon treaty. The aim with this thesis has been to investigate if the European Union can be more democratic in the futher according to those changes that is listed in the Lisbon treaty.</p><p>My comprehensive objective is: does the European Union have any intentions of making the democratic bas within the union more democratic in the new Lisbon treaty?</p><p>My other objectives are: How democratic is the EU today?</p><p>How does the democratic base within the EU look like today?</p><p>How does the democratic base change in the new Lisbon treaty?</p><p>I have used a qualitative text analysis as a method to answer my questions because it’s a good method to use when we want to investigate organisational changes for example.</p><p>The result of my thesis has shown that some democratic changes are expressed in the Lisbon treaty and that they will make the EU a little bit more democratic in the future.</p>

This dissertation aims to analyze the musico-stylistic characteristics, tendencies and trends of the farça A Saloia Namorada (1793) in the complex landscape of musical theater in the late eighteenth-century Portuguese traditions. Recent scholarship has renewed attention on eigtheenth-century Portuguese operatic genres in Portugal, works both in the serious and comic traditions, especially during the reign of Queen Maria I (1777 - 1799). This was a time when local composers absorbed a mix of influences, finding specific solutions for music and libretto structures, during financially restrictive time usually seen as conservative and not as productive for the arts as the previous decades had been. During this period Portuguese musical theater, especially the entremez, found its own textual and musical standards as ways of expression that can now be defined as a “Portuguese manner”, with structures based on the taste and characteristics of the local audiences. The music by António Leal Moreira (1758 - 1819) for A Saloia, a one-act work on a libretto by the controversial Brazilian poet Domingos Caldas Barbosa (1740 – 1800), had long been considered lost until the author of this dissertation discovered a full score and a set of parts of the work at the Library of Congress in Washington DC, USA, in November 2008. The importance of A Saloia lies in the fact that it is the only extant eighteenth-century operatic work in Portuguese that features musical recitatives instead of spoken dialogues, creating an unique hybrid work of Portuguese and Italian operatic traditions. The dissertation also provides an overview of the dramatic output of Leal Moreira, a composer who -- still not yet fairly inserted in the modern Portuguese “musical canon” -- was a key figure for the developments of Portugal’s late settecento musical environment, having worked extensively in the creation of serious court serenatas and sacred events, as well as serving director of the Lisbon opera theaters of Rua dos Condes (1790 - 92) and São Carlos (1793 - 1799), where entremezes and Italian operas were staged. / text

The disertation investigates a crucial factor, determining decisions on development of Lithuanian transport system - Common European transport policy in the field of road and railway and provides comprehensive answers to the following questions: (1)are the EU solutions in transport development field economically consistent and feasible, (2)what are the means, suitable for its’ implementation, (3) what effects it will cause for Lithuania’s transport system as well as the whole economic and social life.

This thesis employs discourse analysis to examine the human rights contradictions contained in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). It follows the development of the CEAS since its inception in 1999. However, the principal emphasis of the thesis falls on the scope for realising a rights-based asylum regime in the post-Lisbon context. The research takes the form of policy analysis, and is grounded in a human rights framework of inquiry. This human rights perspective is used to examine the normative and legal inconsistencies inherent to the EU’s securitised approach to asylum, and to put forward suggestions for an approach to asylum in the EU, which engenders a rights-based approach to protection. The analysis of contemporary EU asylum policy and practice demonstrates the extent to which securitisation is present in EU asylum policymaking. It shows that, until the security paradigm in this policy area is supplanted, the realisation of a rights-based asylum system in the EU will not be possible. It also addresses the further challenges to the realisation of the EU as a ‘single asylum space,’ which stem from the limitations in the current instruments of the acquis, most notably the absence of burden-sharing mechanisms to ensure that the EU’s humanitarian obligations are shared equally amongst Member States. The recent ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon holds significant potential for the development of a rights-based asylum regime in the EU. However, it remains in question whether Member States have the political will necessary to accomplish this.

In this study, the way how the new challenges faced in the post-Fordist period affected labour work arrangements and European social policy making is analyzed. In this regard, the formation of flexible work arrangements and forms of flexibility are examined. The attempts of the European Union to produce effective strategies to connect economic developments to social progress are discussed.

Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar os processos históricos envolvidos na criação e difusão de uma cultura urbanística lusitana, a qual se formou alinhavando e reinterpretando inúmeras referências e que as transformou continuamente ao longo dos séculos e de sua expansão territorial. Tomamos o século XVI como referência da expansão lusitana e o caso de São Paulo de Piratininga tida pela bibliografia especializada como uma excepcionalidade na história urbanística e colonial portuguesa como exemplo de alinhamento com a tradição urbanística portuguesa. Essa inserção é visível através do cotejamento da história urbana de outras cidades portuguesas (como Coimbra, Sintra, Tomar, mas, sobretudo, Lisboa). De outro lado, contempla-se o século XVIII como um momento de profundas mudanças nessa tradição urbanística e a inserção de novas mentalidades, práticas, motivadas principalmente pelo surgimento de novos movimentos (como o iluminismo) e protagonistas ou, ainda, suas novas faces (como o Estado português, em processo de centralização, de aproximação com os interesses mercantis e de medidas modernizadoras). Procura-se, por fim, demonstrar a complexidade dos processos culturais que envolvem, ao longo dos séculos, a criação e transformação das cidades, bem como a intensa circulação de ideias, pessoas, práticas entre a Europa e as Américas. / This thesis aims to analyse the historical processes involved in the creation and dissemination of a Lusitanian urban culture. Such culture was built on connecting and reinterpreting numerous references, and it has continually changed over the centuries and over its territorial expansion. We take the sixteenth century as a reference of the Portuguese expansion, and the case of São Paulo de Piratininga - taken by professional literature as an exception in urban history and Portuguese colonial experience - as an example of alignment with the Portuguese urban tradition. This connection is visible through collating the urban history of other Portuguese cities (such as Coimbra, Sintra, Tomar, but especially Lisbon). On the other hand, we look at the eighteenth century as a time of profound changes in such urban tradition. It is also a period of inclusion of new attitudes and practices, driven mainly by the emergence of new movements (such as the Enlightenment), of new protagonists or of their new faces (as the Portuguese State, which went through a process of centralization and rapprochement with the mercantile interests, and of modernizing measures). Lastly, we aim at demonstrating the complexity of cultural processes that, over the centuries, involve the creation and transformation of cities, as well as the intense flow of ideas, people, practices between Europe and the Americas.