Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2642. Advisers: George L. Delclos; Arch I. Carson. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-119).

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 85-88.

A relação existente entre mudança de percepção da saúde bucal e resiliência é escassa na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as dinâmicas de mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal (melhora e piora) e avaliar os fatores determinantes destas mudanças em idosos do sul do Brasil. Uma amostra representativa de 587 pessoas, com 60 anos ou mais, residentes em Carlos Barbosa, RS, foi avaliada em 2008. O seguimento foi realizado em 2012 e foram avaliados 389 idosos. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Odontologia da UNICAMP. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde geral, a Escala de Resiliência e passaram pelo exame de saúde bucal. A mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal foi categorizada em decréscimo, estabilidade e acréscimo entre 2008 e 2012. A fim de analisar os fatores associados com as mudanças na percepção relacionada à saúde bucal em idosos independentes, utilizou-se a regressão multinomial. Os indivíduos apresentaram 21,9% de decréscimo, 48,1% permaneceram estáveis e 30% apresentaram acréscimo na mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Uso dos serviços odontológicos (OR=3,28,IC=1,05-10,22) e comorbidades (OR=5,43,IC=1,17-25,18) associaram-se com melhora e renda (OR=1,89,IC=1,00-3,57) e resiliência (OR=7,70, IC=0,97-61,02) associaram-se com piora na autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Conclui-se que há uma relação entre as ideias de flexibilidade e de adaptação inseridas no conceito da resiliência e a maneira como um indivíduo vê sua saúde bucal. / The existing relation between change of oral health perception and resilience is insufficient in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of self-perception’s change related to the oral health (improvement and decline) and to evaluate the determinants of these changes in older people of the southern of Brazil. A representative sample of 587 people aged 60 years or more, living in Carlos Barbosa, RS, was evaluated in 2008. The follow-up was made in 2012 and 389 older people were evaluated. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the State University of Campinas. The participants answered an oral health and socio-demographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and took an oral health exam. The change of self-perception related to the oral health was categorized as decrement, stability and increment between 2008 and 2012. In order to analyze the factors associated with the changes in the perception related to the oral health in independent living older people it was used a hierarchical analysis, made through multinomial regression. The individuals experienced 21.9% of decrement, 48.1% remain stable and 30.0% experienced increment in the change of self-perception related to the oral health. Access to the oral services (OR=3.28,CI=1.05-10.22) and co-morbidities (OR=5.43,CI=1.17-25.18) were associated with improvement, income (OR=1.89,CI=1.00-3.57) and resilience (OR=7.70, CI=0.97-61.02) was associated with the decline in the self-perception related to the oral health. It is concluded that there is a relation between the ideas of flexibility and adjustment inserted in the concept of the resilience and the manner how an individual perceives its oral health.

Introdução: transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes apresentam alta prevalência. Determinantes ambientais, genéticos, biológicos e comportamentais têm sido investigados na etiologia dos transtornos mentais. A identificação dos fatores de risco precoces em diferentes idades é de grande utilidade para planejar programas de saúde pública que visem prevenir e intervir nesses preditores. Objetivos: comparar a prevalência e o efeito dos fatores de risco precoces de problemas emocionais e de comportamento na mesma amostra aos 4 e 11 anos. Métodos: desenvolveu-se um estudo com delineamento prospectivo de coorte. Em 1993, todos os nascimentos hospitalares ocorridos na cidade de Pelotas foram monitorados (N = 5.249). Uma amostra dessas crianças recebeu visita no quarto (n=634) e décimo primeiro ano de vida (n=601). Nos dois acompanhamentos as mães dos participantes foram entrevistadas, sendo utilizado o Inventário de Comportamentos da Infância e Adolescência (CBCL), para coletar dados sobre a saúde mental dos filhos. Resultados: a prevalência de problemas emocionais e de comportamento aos 4 anos foi 24,2% (IC95% 20,8; 27,7), e aos 11 anos foi 16,2% (IC95% 13,3; 19,3). Após análise ajustada de regressão linear múltipla, os fatores de risco precoces que permaneceram associados aos problemas emocionais e de comportamento aos 4 e 11 anos foram: a) idade da mãe; b) escolaridade materna; c) tabagismo materno na gestação; d) transtorno mental materno na infância. Outras três variáveis (idade gestacional, número de irmãos menores e de hospitalizações na infância) tiveram associação com problemas emocionais e de comportamento somente aos 4 anos. Conclusões: as taxas de prevalência encontradas aos 4 e 11 anos mostraram-se similares aos achados de estudos brasileiros e internacionais. Dos 4 fatores de risco ambientais, que tiveram efeito de longo prazo nos problemas emocionais e de comportamento na infância e no início da adolescência, tabagismo materno na gravidez e transtorno mental materno na infância são passíveis de intervenção tendo o potencial de modificar a prevalência dos problemas emocionais e de comportamento nessas fases do desenvolvimento. Os resultados também mostraram que alguns fatores de risco não têm efeito duradouro, pois influenciaram os problemas emocionais e de comportamento apenas na idade pré-escolar. / Introduction: the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents is high. Environmental, genetic, biological and behavioral determinants have been investigated in the etiology of mental disorders. The identification of early risk factors at different ages is extremely useful for planning public health programs aimed at preventing and intervening at these predictors. Objectives: to compare the prevalence and effect of early risk factors in emotional and behavioral problems at 4 and 11 years in the same sample. Methods: a prospective cohort study was developed. All hospital births that took place in Pelotas in 1993 (n = 5,249) were monitored. Representative samples of the birth cohort were followed up at age 4 (n=634) and 11 (n=601). In both assessments, mothers of participants were interviewed using the CBCL to measure child mental health. Results: at 4 years, the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was 24.2% (95% CI 20.8; 27.7), and at 11 years was 16.2% (95% CI 13.3; 19.3). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that four significant risk factors for behavioral and emotional problems were consistently detected in both ages: a) maternal age; b) maternal educational level: c) smoking during pregnancy: d) maternal mental disorder during childhood. Three other variables (gestational age, number of younger siblings and number of hospitalizations during childhood) were associated with emotional and behavioral problems only at 4 years. Conclusions: prevalence rates at age 4 and 11 were similar to previous findings described in Brazilian and international studies. Among four risk factors with a consistent effect along child and adolescent development, smoking during pregnancy and maternal mental disorder during childhood are feasible targets for intervention having the potential for modifying the prevalence of emotional and behavior problems during these developmental stages. The results show that some risk factors have no lasting effect, influencing emotional and behavioral problems only in preschool age.

A associação entre o período gestacional e o periodonto vem sendo relatada tendo diferentes plausibilidades biológicas. O periodonto é reconhecido como tecido alvo para a ação dos hormônios que têm seus níveis elevados ao longo da gestação. Uma alta prevalência de alterações periodontais tem sido relatada nesse período. Estudos recentes têm questionado a influência do período gestacional em produzir alterações significativas no periodonto. Atualmente, uma possível associação entre a presença de doenças periodontais na gestação e desfechos obstétricos tais como, o nascimento de bebês prematuros e/ou com baixo peso tem sido relatada na literatura. Para o planejamento de políticas de saúde que visem o bem estar das gestantes, bem como almejem a realização de procedimentos preventivos e terapêuticos é necessário o conhecimento de como esse período influência os diferentes órgãos, assim como diferentes condições sistêmicas e comportamentais podem interferir no curso fisiológico da gestação. Avaliar as alterações periodontais associadas a períodos com diferentes concentrações hormonais, tais como durante a gestação e no período pós-parto, assim como comparar a eficácia da terapia periodontal realizada durante a gestação com os resultados obtidos quando a mesma é executada após o parto foram os objetivos dessa tese. Gestantes com até 20 semanas de gestação realizando pré-natal no Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, foram convidadas a participar do estudo e randomizadas em dois grupos (teste e controle). Exames clínicos avaliando a presença de placa (IPI), inflamação gengival (IG), presença de fatores retentivos de placa (FRP), profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível clínico de inserção(NIC), sangramento à sondagem (SS) e volume de fluido crevicular gengival (FCG) foram realizados no início do estudo e repetidos entre a 26-28ª semanas de gestação, 30 dias após o parto e 30 dias após a realização do tratamento periodontal para as mulheres randomizadas para o grupo controle. Após o exame inicial, as mulheres do grupo controle receberam somente 1 consulta de tratamento odontológico (padrão no hospital), tendo sido o tratamento completo realizado 30 dias após o parto. As mulheres pertencentes ao grupo teste receberam tratamento clínico e periodontal durante a gestação e foram examinadas nos mesmos momentos até 30 dias após o parto. Para as mulheres pertencentes ao grupo controle, alterações nos níveis de placa não foram observadas durante a gestação e 30 dias após o parto. Durante esse período observacional alterações estatisticamente significantes foram observadas para o IG, PS, NIC e SS. Profundidade de sondagem e SS tiveram comportamentos semelhantes, suas estimativas aumentaram durante a gestação(PS de 2.51 para 2.57mm) e (SS de 50.36 para 54.19%) e foram reduzidas após o parto (PS 2.52mm e SS 50.40%). O tratamento periodontal realizado nos dois períodos experimentais foi eficaz em restabelecer a saúde do periodonto. O percentual médio de SS após o tratamento no grupo teste foi de 11.10±7.84e no grupo controle de 8.07±5.21. Houve reduções estatisticamente significantes no IPI, IG, PS, SS e FCG nos dois grupos experimentais. Alterações no NIC não foram observadas. Entre os grupos as alterações clínicas observadas não foram estatisticamente significantes, com exceção no percentual médio de redução de SS em sítios que tinham inicialmente PS>=4mm. Pode ser concluído que durante o período gestacional alterações nos parâmetros inflamatórios relacionados ao periodonto foram observados no grupo controle. O significado clínico deve ser avaliado criticamente. A eficácia da terapia periodontal pode ser obtida de maneira similar quando o tratamento foi realizado durante a gestação ou no período pós-parto. / The association between gestational period and the periodontium has been related with different biological plausibilities. The periodontium is recognized as a target tissue for the action of the hormones whose levels increase during pregnancy. A high prevalence of periodontal alterations has been reported in that period. Recent studies recent have been questioning the influence of the gestational period in producing significant alterations in the periodontium. Currently, a possible association among the presence of periodontal diseases during pregnancy and negative obstetric outcomes such as preterm labor and/or low birth weight infants has been reported. For the planning of health policies that seek the well being of pregnant women, as well for achieving preventive and therapeutic measures it is necessary to know how this period influences different organs, as well as how different systemic and behavioral conditions may interfere in the physiologic course of pregnancy. To evaluate periodontal alterations associated periods with different hormonal concentrations such as during pregnancy and postpartum, as well comparing the efficacy of periodontal therapy performed during pregnancy with the results obtained when the same therapy is performed after delivery were the objectives this thesis. Pregnant women with up to 20 gestational weeks accomplishing prenatal care in the Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas were invited to participate in the study and randomized in two groups (test and control). Clinical examinations comprised the presence of plaque (PU), gingival inflammation(GI), presence of plaque retentive factors (FRP), probing depth(PD), clinical attchment levei (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival crevicular fluid(CGF) volume and was Rerformed at baseline and repeated between 26-28th gestational weeks, 30 days after delivery and 30 days after the completion of periodontal treatment for women randomized for the control group. After baseline examination, women of the control group received only 1 session of dental treatment (hospital patter), with the comprehensive periodontal care performed 30 days after delivery. Women belonging to the test group received clinical and periodontal treatment during pregnancy and were examined in the same moments up 30 days after delivery. For the women belonging to the control group, alterations in the plaque levels were not observed during pregnancy and 30 days after delivery. During the observational period, statistically significant alterations were observed for GI, PO, CAL and BOP. Probing depth and SS behaved similary, with their estimates increasing during pregnancy (PD from 2.51 to 2.57mm) and (BOP from 50.36 to 54.19%) and reducing after delivery after delivery (PD 2.52mm and BOP 50.40%). Periodontal performed in both groups was efficacious in reestablishing periodontal health. The mean percentage of BOP after the treatment in the test group was of 11.10±7.84and in the control group was of 8.07±5.21. Statistically significant differences in PU,GI, PD, BOP and GCF were observed in both groups. Alterations in CAL were not observed. Among groups, the clinical alterations observed were not statistically significant, with the exception in the mean percent reduction of BOP in with PD>=4mm at baseline. It may be concluded that alterations in the inflammatory parameters related to periodontium were observed during pregnancy in the control group. The clinical significance of this finding should be critically appraised. The efficacy of periodontal therapy can be obtained similarly if the treatment is performed during pregnancy or after the delivery.

O aumento da expectativa de vida da população mundial tem demandado ações que visem a avaliar e a melhorar a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever as mudanças de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e avaliar os fatores determinantes destas mudanças em idosos do sul do Brasil. Metodologia: Uma amostra representativa de 872 pessoas, com 60 anos ou mais, residentes em Carlos Barbosa, RS, foi avaliada em 2004. O seguimento foi realizado em 2008 e foram avaliados 587 idosos. Este estudo foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS. As medidas utilizadas incluíram: questionário com informações sócio-demográficas e condição de saúde, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHIP-14) e exame clínico para contagem do número de dentes naturais. A mudança de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal foi categorizada com acréscimo ou decréscimo do número de impactos, entre 2004 e 2008. A fim de analisar os fatores associados com as mudanças na percepção de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em idosos independentes, utilizou-se e uma análise hierárquica realizada através de regressões de Poisson com estimação de variância robusta. Resultados: Os indivíduos apresentaram 34,7% decréscimo e 31,7% dos indivíduos apresentaram acréscimo na mudança da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. As questões relacionadas com dor e desconforto apresentaram maior freqüência de acréscimo e decréscimo. Localização geográfica da residência, freqüência de escovação, número de dentes associaram-se com acréscimo e renda familiar mensal e sexo feminino associaram-se com decréscimo da mudança na percepção de qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Avaliações das mudanças na percepção de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal podem ser úteis à saúde pública, no planejamento e avaliação de políticas de saúde bucal, na avaliação de programas de saúde bucal e na identificação de fatores de risco relacionado à melhora ou à piora na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. / The world life expectancy increase has demanded actions in order to assess and improve health and quality of life of elderly people. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe changes in oral health-related quality of life and to evaluate the causes of these changes in Southern Brazil elderly. Methods: A representative sample of 872 people aged 60 years or more, living in Carlos Barbosa, RS, was evaluated during 2004. The follow-up was carried out during 2008, with 587 elderly evaluated. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Faculty of Dentistry. Measurements included a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic information health history , oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) and oral examinations assessing the number of natural teeth. Changes in oral health-related quality of life were categorized as increment or decrement related to the number of impacts in oral health-related quality of life reported by the participants in 2004 and 2008. In order to analyze the factors associated with changes in quality of life in independent living elderly, a hierarchal approach was carried out using the Poisson regressions with Robust variance. Results: More than thirty-four percent of the participants experienced decrement, while 31.7% experienced increment in oral health-related quality of life. Increments and decrements in oral health-related quality of life were more frequent in questions assessing issues related to pain and discomfort. Geographic localization of the residence, frequency of tooth brushing and the number of teeth were associated with increment in oral health-related quality of life, while family income and female were associated with in decrement in the perception of quality of life. Conclusion: The assessment of changes in the perception of oral health-related quality of life may be useful for public health policy planning and evaluation, oral health programs evaluation and for the identification of risk factors of increments and decrements in the perception of oral healthrelated quality of life.

A relação existente entre mudança de percepção da saúde bucal e resiliência é escassa na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as dinâmicas de mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal (melhora e piora) e avaliar os fatores determinantes destas mudanças em idosos do sul do Brasil. Uma amostra representativa de 587 pessoas, com 60 anos ou mais, residentes em Carlos Barbosa, RS, foi avaliada em 2008. O seguimento foi realizado em 2012 e foram avaliados 389 idosos. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Odontologia da UNICAMP. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde geral, a Escala de Resiliência e passaram pelo exame de saúde bucal. A mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal foi categorizada em decréscimo, estabilidade e acréscimo entre 2008 e 2012. A fim de analisar os fatores associados com as mudanças na percepção relacionada à saúde bucal em idosos independentes, utilizou-se a regressão multinomial. Os indivíduos apresentaram 21,9% de decréscimo, 48,1% permaneceram estáveis e 30% apresentaram acréscimo na mudança de autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Uso dos serviços odontológicos (OR=3,28,IC=1,05-10,22) e comorbidades (OR=5,43,IC=1,17-25,18) associaram-se com melhora e renda (OR=1,89,IC=1,00-3,57) e resiliência (OR=7,70, IC=0,97-61,02) associaram-se com piora na autopercepção relacionada à saúde bucal. Conclui-se que há uma relação entre as ideias de flexibilidade e de adaptação inseridas no conceito da resiliência e a maneira como um indivíduo vê sua saúde bucal. / The existing relation between change of oral health perception and resilience is insufficient in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of self-perception’s change related to the oral health (improvement and decline) and to evaluate the determinants of these changes in older people of the southern of Brazil. A representative sample of 587 people aged 60 years or more, living in Carlos Barbosa, RS, was evaluated in 2008. The follow-up was made in 2012 and 389 older people were evaluated. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the State University of Campinas. The participants answered an oral health and socio-demographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and took an oral health exam. The change of self-perception related to the oral health was categorized as decrement, stability and increment between 2008 and 2012. In order to analyze the factors associated with the changes in the perception related to the oral health in independent living older people it was used a hierarchical analysis, made through multinomial regression. The individuals experienced 21.9% of decrement, 48.1% remain stable and 30.0% experienced increment in the change of self-perception related to the oral health. Access to the oral services (OR=3.28,CI=1.05-10.22) and co-morbidities (OR=5.43,CI=1.17-25.18) were associated with improvement, income (OR=1.89,CI=1.00-3.57) and resilience (OR=7.70, CI=0.97-61.02) was associated with the decline in the self-perception related to the oral health. It is concluded that there is a relation between the ideas of flexibility and adjustment inserted in the concept of the resilience and the manner how an individual perceives its oral health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the long-term effects of play therapy on social contacts, self-esteem, school-related behavior patterns, level of academic functioning, attitude toward school, and family relations. There were no significant differences between the group out of play therapy one to six years and the group out of play therapy six to ten years on social contact, self-esteem, school-related behavior patterns, or level of academic functioning. Statistically significant differences occurred at the .05 level of significance concerning the effects of time on home and family relations, with subjects in the six- to ten-year group perceiving more independence while parents in the one to six years group perceived more recreational activity occurring in the family. There were no significant differences between play therapy and non-play therapy children on social contact, self-esteem, school-related behavior patterns, or level of academic functioning. There were statistically significant differences at the .05 level of significance on home and family relations, with subjects one to six years out of play therapy perceiving more organization in their homes than their evaluation-only counterparts, while parents of the group one to six years out of play therapy perceived significantly more cohesion than did parents in the evaluation-only comparison group. In the opposite direction, parents of the group one to six years since evaluation valued more goal-oriented behavior than did their play therapy counterparts. There were also statistically significant differences in the six- to ten-year category on home and family relations. Subjects in the category six to ten years out of play therapy perceived more independence in their homes, while their non-play therapy counterparts perceived more family recreational activity occurring. Between-group differences occurred on cohesion, expressiveness, and moral-religious emphasis, with non-play therapy subjects and parents disagreeing on these values significantly more than their play therapy counterparts.

Background: Conflicting evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and periodontal disease has been suggested in the literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on periodontal attachment loss (PAL) over a period of 5-years. Methods: A multistage probability sampling strategy was used to draw a representative sample of the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Five hundred sixty one individuals (238 males and 323 females) that were 19-65 years-old, had no medical history of diabetes and at least 6 teeth were included. Participants were clinically examined and interviewed in 2001 and 2006. Alcohol consumption was assessed by asking participants about the usual number of drinks consumed in a week. Standard formulas were used to calculate the amount of pure alcohol consumed per day in grams. Drinkers were categorized into occasional (<3g/day) and regular drinkers (≥3g/day). Individuals showing ≥4 teeth with proximal PAL ≥3 mm over the 5-years follow-up period were classified as having disease progression. Linear models were used to estimate the relative risk. Results: Male regular drinkers had higher risk of having PAL progression than never-drinkers. After adjusting for important co-factors regular drinkers had 1% increased risk per grams/day of pure alcohol consumption (RR: 1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02), which means between 5 to 7% increased risk per drink per day. Male occasional drinkers were not at higher risk of having disease progression. No association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis was observed for females. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption increased the risk of PAL progression in male regular drinkers. The impact of alcohol cessation initiatives on the periodontal health should be evaluated.