This study was designed to determine to what extent provision of personally relevant information and sensory cues would agree between Recipient and Informant for selection of memory book content. Six dyads married to each other an average of 29.17 years (SD = 10.03), between the ages of 43 and 70 years (Mean = 57; SD = 8.39), and cognitively competent (i.e., no diagnosis of cognitive impairment) participated. Participants completed questionnaires independently and provided personally relevant information/memories, aversions towards select memories/topics, and sensory cues on behalf of themselves (as “Recipient) and their spouse (as “Informant”). For provision of personally relevant information/memories, Informant and Recipient was 44.58% in agreement (SD = 14.99). For provision of aversions towards select memories/topics, Informant and Recipient was 24.86% in agreement (SD = 30.81). For provision of sensory cues, Informant and Recipient was 19.6% in agreement (SD = 30.81). Findings suggest that memory books made by others may not include the most important memories of the Recipient, thereby limiting the effectiveness of the memory book. Therefore, efforts should be made to encourage individuals to create a memory book while cognitively competent or share their most meaningful memories with the person who is most likely to make them a memory book if they should need one in the future.

Cette thèse a pour objectif l’exploration de la dimension sociale des odeurs. Les travaux déjà menés en sciences humaines et sociales montrent que le rapport que les individus et les groupes entretiennent avec les odeurs leur permet de se situer et d’être situés dans un contexte donné. L’intérêt porté à l’ancrage de cet objet sensoriel dans la vie affective des groupes ainsi qu’à sa matérialisation notamment au travers des processus de communication nous conduit à traiter la diversité des connaissances qui en résulte à l’aune de l’approche des représentations sociales. Nous interrogeons les dynamiques inhérentes aux représentations sociales que les groupes ont des odeurs tout autant que les effets que ces dernières ont sur les pratiques et sur les relations sociales. Les liens réciproques existant entre le « senti » d’une part, le « nommé », le « classé » et le « représenté » d’autre part sont ainsi mis à l’étude. Notre plan de recherche se centre sur la conduite de treize focus groups (N=63). Dans ce cadre, nous avons répliqué la technique de la reproduction sérielle (Bartlett, 1932) avec des matériaux odorants. Les groupes ont également collectivement partagé plusieurs expériences olfactives. Enfin, ils ont débattu de leurs rapports aux « odeurs en société ». Les résultats montrent que les groupes reconnaissent et reconstruisent l’odeur par le biais d’une centration collective sur ses sources potentielles. Celles-ci activent à leur tour des attributions, des contextes, et des souvenirs prenant la forme d’un réseau de représentations jugé pertinent par les groupes pour matérialiser l’objet sensoriel. Aussi, une logique de l’ambiguïté caractérise les relations des groupes aux « odeurs sociales ». Ils entretiennent une pluralité de proximités et d’implications à leur encontre, dépendamment des points de perspectives à partir desquels ils se situent. Notre recherche souligne également la négociation collective dont font l’objet les phénomènes représentatifs associés aux odeurs. Elle rend compte des différents visages de ces phénomènes en lien avec les significations qu’ils ont pour les groupes. En s’inscrivant dans la continuité des études menées sur la pensée sociale, cette thèse apporte de nouvelles réflexions s’agissant de l’étude conjointe du social et du sensible. / The present thesis aims to explore the social dimension of odours. Past literature in the field of social and human sciences demonstrated that the relation individuals and groups engage in with odours allow them to self-situate and be situated in a specific context. This work focuses on the diversity of knowledge resulting from the anchoring of this sensorial object in the affective life of groups, as well as from its materialization through the communication processes, with a social representation approach. We investigate the dynamics of groups’ social representations concerning odours, as well as the effects that these have on social practices and relations. The reciprocal connections between the « perceived » on one hand, and the « named », « classed » and « represented » on the other hand are thus central to this study. Thirteen focus groups (N=63) have been carried out for this research, using the technique of serial reproduction (Bartlett, 1932) with odorous stimuli. The groups also shared several olfactory experiences. In the end, participants discussed about their relation to the « odours in society ». Results show that the groups recognized and reconstructed an odour by collectively focusing on its potential sources. These sources activated attributions, contexts and memories structured in a network of representations considered pertinent by the groups to materialise the sensorial object. Moreover, the relations of participants with « social odours » are characterised by an ambiguity. This aspect is indeed defined by a plurality of proximities and implications that the groups have when relating to « social odours », depending on the perspective they adopt when encountering them. The present research highlights the collective negotiation of the representational phenomena associated to odours, and explains the plurality of facets of these phenomena depending on the meaning they have for the groups. In continuity with past studies on social thinking, this manuscript offers new insights concerning the joint study of the social and the sensorial and sensitive.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / During the peak of apartheid, the South African Defence Force (SADF) killed close to a thousand Namibian exiles at Cassinga in southern Angola. This happened on May 4 1978. In recent years, Namibia commemorates this day, nationwide, in remembrance of those killed and disappeared following the Cassinga attack. During each Cassinga anniversary, survivors are modelled into 'living testimonies' of the Cassinga massacre. Customarily, at every occasion marking this event, a survivor is delegated to unpack, on behalf of other survivors, 'memories of Cassinga' so that the inexperienced audience understands what happened on that day. Besides survivors' testimonies, edited video footage showing, among others, wrecks in the camp, wounded victims laying in hospital beds, an open mass grave with dead bodies, SADF paratroopers purportedly marching in Cassinga is also screened for the audience to witness agony of that day. Interestingly, the way such presentations are constructed draw challenging questions. For example, how can the visual and oral presentations of the Cassinga violence epitomize actual memories of the Cassinga massacre? How is it possible that such presentations can generate a sense of remembrance against forgetfulness of those who did not experience that traumatic event? When I interviewed a number of survivors (2007 - 2010), they saw no analogy between testimony (visual or oral) and memory. They argued that memory unlike testimony is personal (solid, inexplicable and indescribable). Memory is a true picture of experiencing the Cassinga massacre and enduring pain and suffering over the years. In considering survivors' challenge to the visually and orally obscured realities of the Cassinga massacre, this study will use a more lateral and alternative approach. This is a method of attempting to interrogate, among other issues of this study, the understanding of Cassinga beyond the inexperienced economies of this event production. The study also explores the different agencies, mainly political, that fuel and exacerbate the victims' unending pathos. These invasive miseries are anchored, according to survivors, in the disrupted expectations; or forsaken human dignity of survivors and families of the missing victims, especially following Namibia's independence in 1990. / South Africa

La « Belle Époque », expression qui désigne la période s’étendant de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1914, est un syntagme qui interroge et dont l’origine reste incertaine : généralement située vers 1918, son apparition ne se résume pas à la stricte comparaison entre l’horreur de la Grande Guerre et le temps de paix qui l’a précédée. L’émergence du syntagme « Belle Époque » est plus complexe et ses emplois tendent à se multiplier, timidement, au cours des années 1930 et à se stabiliser après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les représentations de la Belle Époque sont elles aussi source de confusion : entre louange et blâme, entre indifférence ou sublimation, cet entre-deux-siècles ne laisse pas indifférent et suscite de nombreux discours, essentiellement littéraires, qui constituent le paradigme des représentations de la Belle Époque. Le paysage littéraire des années 1930 présente une production massive de souvenirs de l’époque 1900 ainsi que de nombreux romans-fleuves à contexte Belle Époque. Le genre littéraire, le contexte d’écriture, la trame narrative, les thèmes abordés, les figures et les événements, l’ensemble de ces éléments constituent les principaux facteurs de reconfiguration. C’est donc essentiellement à travers la littérature que s’invente la Belle Époque, au miroir des années 1930. / The “Belle Époque”, the expression wich appoints the period extending of the end of the XIXth century to 1914, is a syntagm wich questions and whose origin remains uncertain : generally situated by 1918, its appearance does not amount to the strict comparison between the horror of the Great War and the peacetime which preceded it. The emergence of the syntagm “Belle Époque” is more complex and its uses tend to multiply, shyly, during 1930s and to stabilize after the Second World War. The representations of the Belle Époque are too source of confusion: between praise and disapproval, between indifference or sublimation, this inter-centuries does not unmoved and arouses numerous speeches, essentially literary, which constitute paradigm of the representations of the Belle Époque. The literary landscape of the 1930s presents a massive production of memories of period 1900 as well as numerous sagas to context Belle Époque. The literary genre, the context of writing, the narrative weft, tackled issues, the figures and the events, all these elements constitute the main factors of reconfiguration. It is thus essentially through the literature that invents the Belle Époque, at the mirror of the 1930s.

Résumé : La demande croissante du marché de la traduction n'est pas aisée à combler, ce qui pousse un certain nombre de traducteurs et de fournisseurs de services de traduction à chercher des outils d'aide à la traduction pouvant complémenter ou remplacer ceux liés aux mémoires de traduction (MT) (Lewis 1997 : 256; O'Brien 2002 : 99, 105-106; Saint-André 2015 : 1-8). Certains se sont tournés vers la traduction automatique (TA), qui paraît permettre certains gains de productivité lorsqu'elle est utilisée en combinaison avec un outil de MT (Guerberof 2009; Lewis 1997 : 256; O'Brien 2002 : 99, 105-106). Toutefois, la question de l’utilisation de la TA par des traducteurs en contexte organisationnel réel semble avoir été peu étudiée. La présente étude, menée en collaboration avec l’équipe de traduction des Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC), a visé à évaluer si la combinaison d’outils de MT avec des outils de TA peut véritablement rehausser la productivité des traducteurs dans ce type de contexte. Pour ce faire, une analyse des perceptions des traducteurs en rapport aux outils de MT et de TA et une expérience dans le cadre de laquelle des textes ont été traduits à l’aide d’une MT seule ou à l’aide d’une MT et d’un système de TA ont été effectuées. Les données des deux volets de la recherche ont ensuite été analysées pour évaluer les perceptions des participants en rapport aux outils de MT et de TA, déterminer si l’utilisation d’outils de MT et de TA permettait d’atteindre des seuils de productivité plus élevés que l’utilisation d’outils de MT seuls, et vérifier si les perceptions des participants en rapport aux outils utilisés avaient influencé les seuils de productivité atteints. L’étude contribue ainsi à approfondir les connaissances en rapport à l’utilité de la TA en contexte organisationnel réel et en rapport aux perceptions des traducteurs quant aux outils d’aide à la traduction que constituent les MT et la TA.

Multimedia installation combining photography, music and noises, representing the story of the killer and the victim, from their meeting up to death in five main parts.

This study compares Erik Goos’s memories of World War I to what two Swedish school books in history, Historia 1b and Möt historien 1b, write about the war. Erik was born in Germany in the year of 1900 but moved with his family to Sweden as a young boy. At the age of 15, Erik got an apprenticeship at a German clothesdealer in Rödding. 1918 was the year Erik got summoned to the military service which meant he never really got out to war until the war was over. What he did experience was the November Revolution in Germany towards the end of the war. The text books used in Swedish high school describe the events of the war chronologically in a way that is easy to survey. Because of the limited space in the school books there is less focus on the individual person and more of an overview of the whole war and its consequenses. Möt historien 1b is slightly more nuanced in its contents than Historia 1b. Möt historien 1b includes material from several different sources, for example letters from individuals who fought in the war. A story as the one told by Erik is a great example of a source that the Swedish curriculum would do well to integrate into their history lessons.

This paper presents an investigation of the human need of being needed and how dependent we are of each other. I am dealing with my fears of temporary relationships, temporary meetings and the Individualized society, it is about the fast-paced  lives we live and how there is no time for stopping and taking care of each other and our surroundings.I use my craft to reconnect, talk about new or old relationships, and the impact relationships has on the development in one another. I discuss the perspective we have on time and where we have our focus in the moment. Connecting it to the slow movement, making time for the moment that we are in, everything happens in the present.

Positive memories play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, there are potential clinical benefits of recalling positive memories on affect, cognitions, and behaviors. However, most research/clinical work has focused on the role of traumatic memories in PTSD's symptomatology and treatment. The current study examined positive memory recall difficulties and positive memory phenomenology among 185 trauma-exposed individuals with varying PTSD severity. Participants completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Autobiographical Memory Test, Memory Experiences Questionnaire – Short Form, Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Brief 16-Item Version, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Positive Emotions, the Positive Affect subscale of the Affective Control Scale, and two items from the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Results showed that (1) greater PTSD severity was a marginally significant predictor of fewer recalled positive memories; (2) greater positive emotional dysregulation predicted fewer recalled positive memories controlling for PTSD severity; and (3) increasing PTSD severity predicted more negative valence, less vividness, less coherence, less accessibility, less clear time perspective, fewer sensory details, and greater distancing ratings of the recalled positive memory, controlling for sleep quantity/quality. Such findings add to the PTSD-positive memory literature by informing PTSD theoretical perspectives; enhancing an understanding of if/how positive memories may be incorporated into PTSD treatments; and highlighting potential clinical targets, such as positive emotional regulation skills, when integrating a focus on positive memories into PTSD intervention.

Diploma thesis "Utilization of reminiscence in terms of clients' activation in home for the elderly" deals with remembering and its use for working in homes for the elderly. It defines reminiscence, group reminiscence in particular, describing its benefits and possibilities for application. Object of this work is to present reminiscence from the view of reminiscence assistant, record development of reminiscence group and outline some practical recommendation for the work. Theoretical part is devoted to the problems of old age, aging, description of homes for elderly and associated topics. It is focused on reminiscence, defining its theoretical basis and critical founds. It also deals with group reminiscence and the basic principles of its application. Practical part is focused on the activity of a concrete reminiscence group describing its development and details of individual reminiscence meetings including arisen situations. Based on practical example it provides data concerning progress of the reminiscence group and its functioning from the view of a reminiscence assistant. In the conclusion concise practical recommendation for working with reminiscence group are presented.