A novel chiral helical imprinted polymer (MIP) has been prepared by bulk copolymerization of 3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine and a crosslinker using chiral S-mandelic acid as template. The resulting MIPs after removing the template show optical activity that is derived from the presence of chiral helical structures of poly(3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine) (P3M4VP) embedded within the MIP matrix. The basic functional monomer 3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine (3M4VP) was utilized with the acidic template to ensure good interaction between the template and the polymer. Divinylbenzene (DVB) and ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) with widely varying degree of rigidity, flexibility, and polarity were selected as crosslinking agents. Using two different crosslinkers, it was possible to optimize the MIP for maximum specificity and selectivity. Spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR and 1H NMR were used to investigate the interaction between template and functional monomer. Scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption analysis showed significant difference of the surface morphological characteristics between imprinted and non-imprinted polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to investigate thermal stability of MIPs and NIPs. The binding studies and the selectivity of the polymers were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy. The chiral secondary or higher structural ordering within the MIPs was examined using circular dichroism (CD) spectrometry. The polymer preparations were evaluated and compared with non-imprinted polymers for their ability to bind the template which is a measure of the specificity of the imprinted system. The nature and degree of crosslinking and other parameters like concentration of the template solution, solvent, and time which influences the binding of these imprinted polymers towards the print molecule were also investigated to optimize the imprinted system. The ability of the S-enantiomer imprinted polymer to bind the R-enantiomer was investigated. The separation and selectivity factors have been quantified. The present study develops a successful strategy for preparing chiral MIPs, which are expected to find vital applications in chiral separation, and enantioselective release of chiral drugs.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlysonCM.pdf: 645598 bytes, checksum: bc28f9bfac53d3cbcae0a9a7cfd3354f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-11 / Currently, several psychological and non-psychological tests can be found in publishes without standardization on procedures set in different psychological areas, like intelligence, emotional states, attitudes, social skills, vocation, preferences and others. The computerized psychological testing is a extension of traditional testing psychological practices. However, it has own psychometrics qualities, either by its matching in a computerized environment or by the extension that can be developed in it. The current research, developed from a necessity to study process of validity and reliability on a computerized test, drew a methodological structure to provide parallel applications in numerous kinds of operational groups, evaluating the influences of the time and approach in the computerization process. This validity refers to normative values groups, reproducibility in computerized applications process and data processing. Not every psychological test can be computerized. Therefore, our need to find a good test, with quality and plausible properties to transform in computerized application, leaded us to use The Millon Personality Inventory, created by Theodore Millon. This Inventory assesses personality according to 12 bipolarities distributed in 24 factors, distributed in categories motivational styles, cognitive targets and interpersonal relations. This instrument doesn t diagnose pathological features, but test normal and non adaptive aspects in human personality, comparing with Theodore Millon theory of personality. In oder to support this research in a Brazilian context in psychological testing, we discuss the theme, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of such practices. Also we discuss the current forms in computerization of psychological testing and the main specific criteria in this psychometric specialized area of knowledge. The test was on-line, hosted in the site http://www.planetapsi.com, during the years of 2007 and 2008, which was available a questionnaire to describe social characteristics before test. A report was generated from the data entry of each user. An application of this test was conducted in a linear way through a national coverage in all Brazil regions, getting 1508 applications. Were organized nine groups, reaching 180 applications in test and retest subject, where three periods of time and three forms of retests for studies of on-line tests were separated. Parallel to this, we organized multi-application session offline group, 20 subjects who received tests by email. The subjects of this study were generally distributed by the five Brazilian regions, and were noticed about the test via the Internet. The performance application in traditional and on-line tested groups subsidies us to conclude that on-line application provides significantly consistency in all criteria for validity studied and justifies its use. The on-line test results were related not only among themselves but were similar to those data of tests done on pencil and paper (0,82). The retests results demonstrated correlation, between 0,92 and, 1 while multisessions had a good correlation in these comparisons. Moreover, were assessed the adequacy of operational criteria used, such as security, the performance of users, the environmental characteristics, the organization of the database, operational costs and limitations in this on-line inventory. In all these five items, there were excellent performances, concluding, also, that it s possible a self-applied psychometric test. The results of this work are a guide to question and establish of methodologies studies for computerization psychological testing software in the country / Atualmente encontramos numerosos testes psicol?gicos e n?o psicol?gicos publicados sem procedimentos em diferentes ?reas, como intelig?ncia, estados emocionais, atitudes, comportamento socialmente habilidoso, voca??o, prefer?ncias e outros. A testagem psicol?gica informatizada ? uma extens?o das pr?ticas psicol?gicas de testagem tradicionais, no entanto caracteriza-se por qualidades psicom?tricas pr?prias, seja pela adequa??o ao ambiente informatizado como tamb?m pela extens?o de fun??es que pode adquirir. A presente pesquisa, originada atrav?s da necessidade de estudar os processos de validade e confiabilidade de um instrumento informatizado, delineou uma metodologia de aplica??es paralelas em v?rios tipos de grupos operacionais, a partir do tempo e da forma de aplica??o, intuindo discutir os aspectos relativos ao processo de informatiza??o. Esta valida??o refere-se tanto aos valores dos grupos normativos quanto a reprodutibilidade informatizada dos processos de aplica??o e tratamento dos dados. Escolhemos o Invent?rio Millon de Estilos de Personalidade, de Theodore Millon, para o processo de informatiza??o e estudos de validade e confiabilidade. Para fundamentar a pesquisa abordou-se o tema atrav?s da contextualiza??o do panorama brasileiro em testes psicol?gicos, foram discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens de tal pr?tica e foram avaliadas as formas de informatiza??o de testes atrav?s das aplica??es de um teste on-line. Disponibilizou-se o invent?rio em um site especialmente preparado para a pesquisa (http://www.planetapsi.com), por oito meses. Foi realizada uma aplica??o do teste em modo linear e em escala nacional em todas as regi?es brasileiras, obtendo 1508 aplica??es. Em seguida, organizamos nove grupos, totalizando 180 sujeitos nas aplica??es de teste e reteste, onde foram separadas tr?s faixas de tempo e tr?s formas de retestes para estudos dos testes on-line. Paralelo a isso, compusemos ainda um grupo de aplica??o multisess?o off-line de 20 sujeitos que receberam seus testes por e-mail. Os sujeitos deste estudo estavam distribu?dos pelas cinco regi?es brasileiras e tomaram conhecimento do teste via internet. Com o desempenho dos testados nas aplica??es tradicionais e nos grupos on-line tivemos subs?dios para concluir que a aplica??o on-line apresenta consist?ncia significativamente boa em todos os crit?rios de validade estudados. Esta validade justifica a sua utiliza??o, assim como estudos subseq?entes. Os resultados dos testes on-line n?o s? foram correlatos entre si como tamb?m foram semelhantes aos das testagens tradicionais (0,89) feitas em l?pis e papel. Os retestes demonstraram correla??o entre si, variando entre 0,92 e 1, enquanto que as multisess?es apresentaram bom resultado nestas compara??es (0,72). Al?m disso, foram avaliados que os crit?rios log?sticos de adequa??o na forma informatizada, como a seguran?a, o desempenho dos usu?rios, as caracter?sticas ambientais, a organiza??o do banco de dados, os custos operacionais e as limita??es do invent?rio on-line, foram bastante satisfat?rios, concluindo que h? viabilidade de um teste informatizado on-line com auto-aplica??o. Os resultados obtidos por este trabalho podem ser de utilidade para nortear ulteriores estudos, aprofundando tanto o estabelecimento de metodologias de informatiza??o de testes psicol?gicos no pa?s, quanto o papel do psic?logo diante de novas tecnologias

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoAC_TESE.pdf: 2904145 bytes, checksum: 71e85899a3f895d52ccee194769fd506 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-11 / In academia, it is common to create didactic processors, facing practical disciplines in the area of Hardware Computer and can be used as subjects in software platforms, operating systems and compilers. Often, these processors are described without ISA standard, which requires the creation of compilers and other basic software to provide the hardware / software interface and hinder their integration with other processors and devices. Using reconfigurable devices described in a HDL language allows the creation or modification of any microarchitecture component, leading to alteration of the functional units of data path processor as well as the state machine that implements the control unit even as new needs arise. In particular, processors RISP enable modification of machine instructions, allowing entering or modifying instructions, and may even adapt to a new architecture. This work, as the object of study addressing educational soft-core processors described in VHDL, from a proposed methodology and its application on two processors with different complexity levels, shows that it s possible to tailor processors for a standard ISA without causing an increase in the level hardware complexity, ie without significant increase in chip area, while its level of performance in the application execution remains unchanged or is enhanced. The implementations also allow us to say that besides being possible to replace the architecture of a processor without changing its organization, RISP processor can switch between different instruction sets, which can be expanded to toggle between different ISAs, allowing a single processor become adaptive hybrid architecture, which can be used in embedded systems and heterogeneous multiprocessor environments / No meio acad?mico, ? comum a cria??o de processadores denominados did?ticos, voltados para pr?ticas de disciplinas de hardware na ?rea de Computa??o e que podem ser utilizados como plataformas em disciplinas de softwares, sistemas operacionais e compiladores. Muitas vezes, tais processadores s?o descritos sem uma ISA padr?o, o que exige a cria??o de compiladores e outros softwares b?sicos para prover a interface hardware/software dificultando sua integra??o com outros processadores e demais dispositivos. Utilizar dispositivos reconfigur?veis descritos em uma linguagem do tipo HDL permitem a cria??o ou modifica??o de qualquer componente da microarquitetura, ocasionando a altera??o das unidades funcionais do caminho de dados que representa a parte operativa de um processador, bem como da m?quina de estados que implementa a unidade de controle do mesmo conforme surgem novas necessidades. Em particular, os processadores RISP possibilitam a altera??o das instru??es da m?quina, permitindo inserir ou modificar instru??es, podendo at? mesmo se adaptar a uma nova arquitetura. Este trabalho aborda como objeto de estudo dois processadores did?ticos soft-core descritos em VHDL com diferentes n?veis de complexidade de hardware adaptados a uma ISA padr?o a partir de uma metodologia proposta sem provocar aumento no n?vel de complexidade do hardware, ou seja, sem o acr?scimo significativo da ?rea em chip, ao mesmo tempo em que o seu n?vel de desempenho na execu??o de aplica??es permanece inalterado ou ? aprimorado. As modifica??es tamb?m permitem afirmar que, al?m de ser poss?vel substituir a arquitetura de um processador sem alterar sua organiza??o, um processador RISP pode alternar entre diferentes conjuntos de instru??o, o que pode ser expandido para altern?ncia entre diferentes ISAs, permitindo a um mesmo processador se tornar uma arquitetura h?brida adaptativa, pass?vel de ser utilizada em sistemas embarcados e ambientes multiprocessados heterog?neos

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-09-19T15:57:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Mauricio de Souza.pdf: 1650881 bytes, checksum: 8b61d5dece246625d9a4f03a416a26d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T15:57:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Mauricio de Souza.pdf: 1650881 bytes, checksum: 8b61d5dece246625d9a4f03a416a26d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / With the increase in production worldwide advancing, just as is the increased use of natural resources and therefore have a greater environmental degradation. The economic growth is part of the goals of any nation, but civil society is increasingly concerned with the direction this is taking such growth. Not only society, but also the rulers are concerned with environmental issues and climate change that surround the planet. Companies in turn, also following this environmental movement, seek to reduce the use of natural resources and take measures to minimize the impacts caused by its processes on the environment. One way to do this is to establish an environmental assessment on its suppliers, given that bulk of parts of manufacturers are purchased from the supply chain. However, there are many questions of how an environmental assessment can bring positive and effective results for the company, since recent research indicates that many papers, not certain why the supplier was the best choice or even worse make clear, do not make clear how this particular supplier can improve its environmental classification. This study carried out a comparative environmental assessment of two suppliers in a process of dual sourcing using the Material Input per Units of Service - MIPS as environmental tool. For this study the research methodology used was the case study by means semi-structured interviews, comparing the two processes of suppliers with a process called Reference. The results showed how a supplier is more eco-efficient than other and it was possible to generate a rating for both. In addition, the study allowed the least eco-efficient supplier, which clearly visualize the points in your process could be improved. / Com o aumento da produção em nível mundial avançando, da mesma maneira ocorre o aumento do uso de recursos naturais e por consequência têm-se uma maior degradação do meio ambiente. O crescimento econômico faz parte do objetivo de qualquer nação, entretanto a sociedade civil está cada vez mais preocupada com os rumos que este tal crescimento está tomando. Não somente a sociedade, mas também os governantes estão preocupados com as questões ambientais e mudanças climáticas que rodeiam o planeta. As empresas por sua vez, também acompanhando este movimento ambiental, procuram reduzir o uso de recursos naturais e tomam medidas para minimizar os impactos causados por seus processos no meio ambiente. Uma forma de fazer isso é estabelecer uma avaliação ambiental em seus fornecedores, haja vista que os maiores volumes de peças de uma montadora são provenientes de peças compradas da cadeia de suprimentos. No entanto, existem muitas dúvidas de como uma avaliação ambiental pode trazer resultados positivos e efetivos para a companhia, uma vez que pesquisas recentes apontam que muitos trabalhos, não deixam claro o porquê determinado fornecedor foi a melhor escolha, e ainda, não elucidam como o fornecedor que não obteve uma boa avaliação pode melhorar sua classificação ambiental. Este trabalho realizou uma avaliação ambiental comparativa entre dois fornecedores em um processo de dual sourcing com o uso da ferramenta ambiental Material Input per Units of Service - MIPS. Para a realização deste estudo a metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi o estudo de caso por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que compararam os dois processos dos fornecedores com um processo chamado de Referência. Os resultados demonstraram o quanto um fornecedor é mais eco-eficiente que o outro e com isso foi possível gerar uma classificação para ambos. Além disso, o estudo permitiu que o fornecedor menos ecoeficiente, visualizasse claramente quais os pontos em que seu processo poderia ser aprimorado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaFFR_DISSERT.pdf: 572328 bytes, checksum: 49af4b3accc926fc4715e67401a6ad1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / One of the Psychology challenges, especially among the assessment and educational areas, is to understand and predict individual differences. In this context, this research aimed to verify the personality styles of students with high and low academic performance. The study included 236 university students from Petrolina-PE and Juazeiro-BA campus of the UNIVASF (Universidade Federal do Vale do S?o Francisco). They were uniformly distributed in four disciplines (medicine, psychology, administration and civil engineering), 10 students from each semester (five highest scores average students and five lowest scores average students) took place of the sample. The Millon Index Personality Styles (MIPS) was applied to analyze the personality/behavioral styles of the students. The MIPS is a 180 dichotomous (true/false) item scale. It was also developed and applied a questionnaire about the students characteristics and their academic information. Descriptive and central tendency statistics analysis (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) were done to provide sample information. Then we performed a Mann-Whitney test in the overall sample and in each course and a factorial ANOVA. The results suggest that the university population is heterogeneous and there are significant differences (p <0.05) between the personality styles of students with high and low academic performance, when analyzing the overall sample and in courses of different areas of knowledge. Students of Medicine who have higher performance as personality styles prevalent the conformism and compliance, while students with lower income in this course, the styles are: innovation and discrepancy. Psychology students with higher income are more systematic and lower income students to score significantly on accommodation. The civil engineering students of the two groups differed only in personality style intuition, being such a style more characteristic of higher income students. Students of Management with higher yield stand out more in the style of the doubt and lower yields in these styles: individual, reflection and discrepancy. This study is correlational, but had an exploratory nature because there are no studies about this relationship in Brazil. Therefore, it provided a better understanding of the action characteristics of students with high and low academic performance. Further studies using the Big Five Personality Factors instruments are required because it is the most used model in understanding the influence of personality on students performance. This way, the relation between personality and academic performance will be better discussed. Otherwise, it will be possible to compare with the existing studies in the area / Um dos desafios da Psicologia, principalmente para a ?rea de avalia??o psicol?gica e educacional, consiste em compreender e predizer as diferen?as individuais. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar os estilos de personalidade de estudantes com maiores e menores ?ndices de rendimento acad?mico. Participaram deste estudo 236 estudantes universit?rios da UNIVASF (Universidade Federal do Vale do S?o Francisco) dos campi de Petrolina-PE e Juazeiro-BA, distribu?dos uniformemente em quatro cursos (Medicina, Psicologia, Administra??o e Engenharia Civil), sendo 10 alunos de cada semestre (cinco com as maiores notas e cinco com as menores notas m?dias). Para analisar os estilos de personalidade/caracter?sticas comportamentais, foi aplicado o Invent?rio Millon de Estilos de Personalidade (MIPS), que ? composto por 180 itens, respondidos atrav?s de uma escala dicot?mica de respostas (verdadeiro/falso). Foi elaborado e aplicado, tamb?m, um question?rio para melhor caracteriza??o da amostra e com informa??es sobre a vida acad?mica dos estudantes. Foram realizadas estat?sticas descritivas e de tend?ncia central para fornecer informa??es sobre a amostra. Em seguida, foi realizado o teste de Mann-Withney na amostra geral e em cada curso, al?m de uma ANOVA fatorial. Os resultados sugerem que a popula??o universit?ria ? heterog?nea e h? diferen?as significativas (p<0,05) entre os estilos de personalidade de estudantes com maior e menor rendimento acad?mico, quando se analisa a amostra geral e nos cursos das diferentes ?reas do conhecimento. Os estudantes de Medicina com maior rendimento possuem como estilos de personalidade preponderantes o conformismo e a concord?ncia e os estudantes de menor rendimento desse curso, os estilos inova??o e discrep?ncia. Os estudantes de Psicologia com maior rendimento s?o mais sistem?ticos e os de menor rendimento pontuam significativamente mais na acomoda??o. Os estudantes de Engenharia Civil dos dois grupos diferiram apenas no estilo de personalidade intui??o, sendo tal estilo mais caracter?stico dos estudantes de maior rendimento. Os alunos de Administra??o com maior rendimento se destacam mais no estilo d?vida e os de menor rendimento nos estilos individualismo, reflex?o e discrep?ncia. O estudo, embora correlacional teve um car?ter explorat?rio, uma vez que no Brasil ainda n?o h? estudos acerca dessa rela??o, al?m disso permitiu uma melhor compreens?o sobre as caracter?sticas de a??o de estudantes com alto e baixo rendimento acad?mico. ? necess?rio que novos estudos sejam realizados e que sejam utilizados tamb?m nesses estudos instrumentos no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade, j? que este ? o modelo mais utilizado na compreens?o da influ?ncia da personalidade no desempenho de estudantes para que, assim, se possa discutir melhor tal rela??o, bem como estabelecer compara??es entre os estudos j? existentes na ?rea

Den här undersökningen jämför prestanda hos tre olika firmwares som är baserade på öppen källkod. DD-WRT, Open-WRT samt Tomato Firmware för MIPS-arkitektur. Testerna följer två RFC som beskriver hur en prestandaanalys av ett nätverk ska genomföras. De sammanfattade resultaten pekar på en vinnare som presterat generellt bättre genom alla tester och det var Tomato firmware. Dessa resultat är hämtade från tre olika tester: genomströmningstest, svarstidstest och test med samtidiga sessioner. Undersökningen visar också att prestandan rent generellt är väldigt jämlik över alla firmwares i de olika testerna. En viktig aspekt är att det finns ingen överlägsen vinnare, vilket beror på, till exempel, hur konsekventa resultaten varit. Detta hänger även ihop med en möjlig slutsats där firmwaresen presterar olika bra beroende på vilken typ av uppgift det gäller. Som fortsatt arbete rekommenderas prestanda och funktionsanalys av liknande verktyg som varje firmware innehåller. Även en undersökning gällande gränssnittet för varje firmware skulle vara intressant. / This investigation compares the performance of three different open-source firmwares. DD-WRT, Open-WRT and Tomato Firmware with MIPS architecture. The test follows two RFC that describes the process of how to perform a performance analysis of network interconnected devices. The summarized results show a winner which has generally performed better throughout all the tests and this was Tomato firmware. These results are gathered from three different tests, which is throughput, latency and concurrent sessions test. The survey also shows that the performance in general is very equal across all firmwares in the various tests. An important aspect is that there are no outstanding winner, which depends on for example how consistent the results have been. This also concerns a possible conclusion where the firmwares perform various well depending on the type of task involved. As further work on this investigation we recommend a performance and function analysis of the tools that the firmware contains. Although a survey of the interface for each firmware would be interesting.

The purpose of the study was the adaptation of the MIPS (1994) toa population of 390 university students of Lima ( 188 men and 202 women). The inventory was adapted to the Spanishs poken in Peru. The psychometrical analysis revealed a reliability index of .70 as well as astructural internal validity. Most of the scales presented acceptable levels of internal consistency.The comparison with the studies carried out in Spain and USA showed that the levels of internal-consistency were similar to those found in the Spanish population and slightly below tothose found in the North American population. The analysis of the differences between the averages in each one of the se al es indicated greater discrepancies between the Peruvian populationand the Spanish, than between the Peruvian popular ion and the Nonh American. / El objetivo del estudio fue la adaptación del MIPS ( 1994) a una población de 390 estudiantes universitarios de Lima (188 hombres y 202 mujeres). Se adaptó la prueba al castellano hablado en elPerú. El análisis psicométrico mostró un índice de confiabilidad promedio de . 70 y una validez internaestructural. La mayoría de las escalas presentó niveles de consistencia interna aceptables. La comparación con los estudios realizados en España y EEUU mostró que la confiabilidad promedio es semejante a la hallada en la población española y ligeramente inferior a la norteamericana. Elanálisis de las diferencias entre los promedios en cada una de las escalas indicó mayores divergenciasentre la población peruana y la española que entre la población peruana y la norteamericana.

In dieser Arbeit wurden fluoreszierende MIP-Partikel hergestellt, um polare Analyten von biologischer und ökologischer Bedeutung zu analysieren, zum Beispiel den Krebs-Biomarker Sialinsäure (SA) und die Herbizide Glyphosat (GPS), Haloxyfop P und Fenoxaprop P. Die MIP-Schale wurde auf Siliziumdioxid und siliziumdioxid-beschichtete Polystyrol (PS)-Kernpartikel synthetisiert und enthielt einen Fluoreszenzfarbstoff, dessen Signal in Anwesenheit der Zielanalyten verstärkt wurde. Die Leistungsfähigkeit aller MIP-Partikel wurde durch den Vergleich ihres Bindungsverhaltens mit den nicht geprägten Polymer (NIP)-Partikeln und/oder durch ihre Diskriminierungsfähigkeit gegenüber konkurrierenden Analyten bewertet. Fluoreszierende Monomer für die MIP-Synthese erwiesen sich als vorteilhaft, da sowohl die Bindungsleistung als auch die Assoziationskonstanten einfacher bestimmt werden konnten. Als Alternative zur traditionellen Wasserstoffbrückenbindung zwischen Analyt und Bindungseinheit des Farbstoffes in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln, kann die Deprotonierung-Protonierung von harnstoffhaltigen Farbstoffen als Sensing-Mechanismus in polaren Medien wie DMF verwendet werden. Darüber hinaus führte die Verwendung eines „Dummy“-Analyten für die NIP-Partikel-Synthese zu einer Polymerschicht mit ähnlichen Eigenschaften wie die der MIP-Partikel, womit "Dummy"-NIPs als deutlich bessere Kontrollpartikel herangezogen werden konnten. Insgesamt erwies sich die Bestimmung der Diskriminierung der MIPs gegenüber konkurrierenden Analyten als konsistenteres Maß für die Leistungsbeurteilung. Mit Siliziumdioxid beschichtete, farbstoffdotierte PS-Partikel erwiesen sich als vielseitige Plattform für das Aufwachsen fluoreszierender MIP-Schalen, um zweifach fluoreszierende MIPs zu erhalten. Das Vorhandensein eines Kontrollsignals ist vorteilhaft für die Korrektur instrumenteller Schwankungen während analytischer Tests. / Fluorescent MIP particles were prepared to target highly polar analytes of biological and environmental significance, namely sialic acid (SA) and glyphosate (GPS), haloxyfop P and fenoxaprop P. Silica and silica-coated polystyrene (PS) particles were used as core supports on which a MIP shell was synthesized. In all systems, the MIP shell contained a fluorescent dye with urea sensing motifs whose signal was enhanced in the presence of the target analyte. The performance of all MIP particles was evaluated by comparing their binding behaviour to that of non-imprinted polymer (NIP) controls and/or determining their discrimination ability against competing analytes. It was found that the application of fluorescent monomers in MIP synthesis is advantageous due to simplified determination of binding performance and binding parameters such as association constants. It was also shown that deprotonation-reprotonation of urea containing dyes can be used as a sensing mechanism in polar media such as DMF, as an alternative to traditional hydrogen bonding in non-polar aprotic solvents. In addition, the results showed that the inclusion of a “dummy” template during NIP synthesis led to the formation of a polymer layer with similar properties as the MIP, and thus, “dummy” NIPs provided a more relevant comparison for MIP binding. Overall, the discrimination of MIPs against competing analytes was found to be a more consistent measure of MIP performance. When a urea containing dye was used to prepare MIPs targeting anions by hydrogen bonding in non-polar media, the choice of counterion used during imprinting influenced the binding behaviour of the resulting MIPs and must be carefully chosen. Lastly, silica-coated dye-doped PS was found to be a versatile platform for the grafting of fluorescent MIP shells to achieve dual fluorescent MIPs, and the presence of a control signal was beneficial in correcting instrumental fluctuations during analytical assays.

Atualmente, pode-se observar que a Lei de Moore vem estagnando. A freqüência de operação já não cresce da mesma forma, e a potência consumida aumenta drasticamente em processadores de propósito geral. Ao mesmo tempo, sistemas embarcados vêm se tornando cada vez mais heterogêneos, caracterizados por uma grande quantidade de modelos computacionais diferentes, sendo executados em um mesmo dispositivo. Desta maneira, como novas tecnologias que irão substituir totalmente ou parcialmente o silício estão surgindo, novas soluções arquiteturais são necessárias. Apesar de sistemas reconfiguráveis já terem demonstrado serem candidatos em potencial para os problemas supracitados, ganhos significativos de desempenho são alcançados apenas em programas que manipulam dados massivamente, não representando a realidade dos sistemas atuais. Ademais, o seu uso em alta escala ainda está limitado à utilização de ferramentas ou compiladores que, claramente, não mantêm a compatibilidade de software e a reutilização do código binário já existente. Baseando-se nestes fatos, a presente tese propõe uma nova técnica para, utilizando um sistema reconfigurável, otimizar tanto programas orientados a dados como aqueles orientados a controle, sem a necessidade de modificação do código fonte ou binário. Para isto, um algoritmo de Tradução Binária, que trabalha em paralelo ao processador, foi desenvolvido. O mecanismo proposto é responsável pela transformação de seqüências de instruções, em tempo de execução, para serem executadas em uma unidade funcional reconfigurável de granularidade grossa, suportando execução especulativa. Desta maneira, é possível aproveitar as vantagens do uso da lógica combinacional para aumentar o desempenho e reduzir o gasto de energia, mantendo a compatibilidade binária em um processo totalmente transparente. Três diferentes estudos de caso foram feitos: os processadores Java e MIPS R3000 – representando o campo de sistemas embarcados – e o conjunto de ferramentas Simplescalar, que simula um processador superescalar baseado no MIPS R10000 – representando o mercado de processadores de propósito geral. / As Moore’s law is losing steam, one already sees the phenomenon of clock frequency reduction caused by the excessive power dissipation in general purpose processors. At the same time, embedded systems are getting more heterogeneous, characterized by a high diversity of computational models coexisting in a single device. Therefore, as innovative technologies that will completely or partially replace silicon are arising, new architectural alternatives are necessary. Although reconfigurable computing has already shown to be a potential solution for such problems, significant speedups are achieved just in very specific dataflow oriented software, not representing the reality of nowadays systems. Moreover, its wide spread use is still withheld by the need of special tools and compilers, which clearly preclude software portability and reuse of legacy code. Based on all these facts, this thesis presents a new technique using reconfigurable systems to optimize both control and dataflow oriented software without the need of any modification in the source or binary codes. For that, a Binary Translation algorithm has been developed, which works in parallel to the processor. The proposed mechanism is responsible for transforming sequences of instructions at runtime to be executed on a dynamic coarse-grain reconfigurable array, supporting speculative execution. This way, it is possible to take advantage of using pure combinational logic to speed up the execution, maintaining full binary compatibility in a totally transparent process. Three different case studies were evaluated: a Java Processor and a MIPS R3000 – representing the embedded systems field – and the Simplescalar Toolset, a widely used toolset that simulates a superscalar architecture based on the MIPS R10000 processor – representing the general-purpose market.