This thesis deals with development of personal, but mainly physical and motor skills of people with mental disabilities by application of yoga movement therapy. My research has aimed to find out if an intensive week-long programme of yoga relaxation exercises can lead to improvement of fine motor skills, mobility, and the overall physical condition of mentally-disabled people of the 1st to 3rd level of disability. The research was conducted during the week-long school stay in nature. The participants were tested both the first and last day of their stay. The research sample was composed of six women and four men from the school for persons with special needs in Česke Budějovice. The methods utilised during the research were direct observation, evaluation and questioning to detect changes in indicators of physical condition and fine motor skills (including grasping reflexes of participants and familiarisation with new expressions). The results show positive change in these indicators. The therapy regimen resulted in the improvement in movement coordination, fine subtle skills of arms in everyday{\crq}s patient{\crq}s self-care activities; and the positive influence of yoga was also observed on psychological well-being of participants. The research project was beneficial for the participants and can serve as a model for further utilisation in the field applications of yoga exercises for people with mental disabilities.

Congenital Zika syndrome can cause a number of changes in the child, including severe brain abnormalities. Injuries to the developing central nervous system result in sensorimotor disorders with repercussions on motor performance. Physical therapy allows the acquisition of motor skills based on the child's interaction with the environment and the task. The present study aimed to analyze the role of physiotherapy in the acquisition of the motor skills of children with congenital Zika syndrome. This is a clinical trial developed at the Physiotherapy Clinic of the University Hospital of Sergipe, with a sample of 46 children with congenital Zika syndrome. Data collection was from January 2016 to December 2017, at the physiotherapeutic admission of the child and at 18 months of age. The children were stratified according to the age group in the initial evaluation. In the first moment, a form was designed to record information on the identification and clinical characteristics of mothers and children, sociodemographic characteristics of families, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, and type of neurological lesion. The severity of the neurological lesion was classified based on the data obtained in the medical record in the transfontanel ultrasonography report, based on the Noyola Classification System. Motor skills were assessed through the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), stratified scores by age group and subgroup of neurological injury. The children were then submitted to a physiotherapy program, with a frequency of two weekly sessions and a duration of up to 50 minutes each. The program was based on the principles of neurodevelopment therapy (Bobath), muscle stretching and passive mobilizations. When children completed 18 months of age, motor skills reassessment was performed through the AIMS. The results showed that there was an increase in the total score comparing the initial evaluation and at 18 months of age in the children who started physical therapy with age from 0 to 6 months (p <0.0001). Despite this increase, the total scores of the study sample at 18 months were significantly lower than the normative values, with a significant difference (p <0.0001). In the initial evaluation, only children older than 4 months of age presented motor impairment when compared with normative values (p <0.0001). As for most neurological lesions, the degree was moderate to severe, with a predominance of multiple calcifications, mainly cortical-subcortical, severe cortical atrophy and agenesis / hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. The severity and type of neurological lesions in children with congenital Zika syndrome suggest impairment of neuronal migration and proliferation related to motor dysfunction. However, early physiotherapy promoted a difference in the behavior of the motor skills of these children. / A síndrome da Zika congênita pode causar um conjunto de alterações na criança, dentre elas graves anomalias cerebrais. As lesões do sistema nervoso central em desenvolvimento acarretam em desordens sensoriomotoras com repercussão no desempenho motor. A fisioterapia possibilita a aquisição de habilidades motoras a partir da interação da criança com o ambiente e com a tarefa. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o papel da fisioterapia na aquisição das habilidades motoras de crianças com a síndrome da Zika congênita. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, desenvolvido no ambulatório de fisioterapia do Hospital Universitário de Sergipe, com amostra constituída por 46 crianças com a síndrome da Zika congênita. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2017, na admissão fisioterapêutica da criança e ao completar 18 meses de idade. As crianças foram estratificadas de acordo com a faixa etária na avaliação inicial. No primeiro momento foi aplicado formulário construído para registro de informações referentes a identificação e características clinicas das mães e das crianças, características sociodemográficas das famílias, alterações neurológicas e musculoesqueléticas e tipo de lesão neurológica. Classificou-se a gravidade da lesão neurológica, a partir dos dados obtidos em prontuário no laudo da ultrassonografia transfontanela, baseada no Sistema de Classificação de Noyola. Foi realizada avaliação das habilidades motoras através da Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), estratificados escores por faixa etária e por subgrupo de lesão neurológica. Em seguida, as crianças foram submetidas a um programa de fisioterapia, com frequência de duas sessões semanais e duração de até 50 minutos cada. O programa baseou-se nos princípios da terapia do neurodesenvolvimento (Bobath), alongamentos musculares e mobilizações passivas. Quando as crianças completaram 18 meses de idade, foi realizada reavaliação das habilidades motoras por meio da AIMS. Os resultados apontaram que houve aumento do escore total comparando a avaliação inicial e aos 18 meses de idade, nas crianças que iniciaram a fisioterapia com idade de 0 a 6 meses (p<0,0001). Apesar deste aumento, os escores totais da amostra do estudo aos 18 meses são bastantes inferiores aos valores normativos, com diferença significativa (p<0,0001). Na avaliação inicial, somente as crianças com idade superior a 4 meses de idade apresentaram comprometimento motor ao comparar com os valores normativos (p<0,0001). Quanto as lesões neurológicas, em sua maioria, o grau foi de moderado a grave com predomínio de calcificações múltiplas, principalmente córtico-subcortical, atrofia cortical grave e agenesia/ hipoplasia de corpo caloso. A gravidade e o tipo das lesões neurológicas nas crianças com síndrome da Zika congênita, sugerem comprometimento da migração e proliferação neuronal, relacionados com a disfunção motora. Porém, a fisioterapia precoce promoveu uma diferença no comportamento das habilidades motoras dessas crianças. / Aracaju

Desordens motoras são descritas no estágio final da doença de Alzheimer (DA), porém pesquisas recentes têm demonstrado que idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e em fase inicial da DA apresentam alterações na marcha, especialmente em condições de atenção dividida (tarefa dupla). Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho motor com e sem tarefa de atenção dividida em idosos com CCL e DA; e verificar se esta medida pode ser utilizada para diferenciar idosos cognitivamente saudáveis, com CCL e com DA. Foram avaliados 104 idosos (26 com DA leve, 42 com CCL e 36 cognitivamente saudáveis - controles) por meio do Timed Up and Go teste (TUG), em quatro condições experimentais: (1) tarefa simples (apenas o TUG), (2) TUG com tarefa cognitiva, (3) TUG com tarefa manual, e (4) tarefa tripla (com tarefa cognitiva e manual). Diferenças significativas foram observadas em todas as condições experimentais do TUG entre grupos diagnósticos, especialmente em relação ao tempo (em segundos) e número de passos (TUG 1-4) e paradas (TUG 2-4). Em relação à área sob a curva (AUC), as quatro formas do TUG apresentaram alto grau de discriminação entre os grupos diagnósticos em relação: 1) ao tempo (em segundos): AUC > 0,8 nos TUG 1 ao 4 entre os grupos controle e CCL (p<0,001), AUC > 0,9 nos TUG 1 ao 4 entre os grupos controle e DA (p<0,001), e AUC > 0,7 nos TUG 2 ao 4 entre os grupos CCL e DA (p<0,001); 2) número de passos: AUC >0,7 entre os grupos controle e CCL (p<0,001), AUC > 0,8 entre os grupos controle e DA (p<0,001), e AUC > 0,7 entre os grupos CCL e DA (p<0,02); 3) e número de paradas: AUC > 0,6 nos TUG 2 e 4 entre os grupos controle e CCL (p<0,05), AUC > 0,8 entre os grupos controle e DA nos TUG 2 e 4 (p<0,001) e AUC > 0,7 no TUG 2 entre os grupos CCL e DA (p<0,05). Portanto, o desempenho motor é afetado em idosos com CCL e em fases iniciais da DA em condições de tarefa simples e atenção dividida, sendo todas as condições do TUG boas medidas para diferenciar os grupos diagnósticos / Motor disorders are described in the final stages of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), but recent research has shown that older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD exhibit changes in gait, particularly under conditions of divided attention (dual task). This research aimed to evaluate motor performance with and without divided attention task in elderly with MCI and AD and verify that this measure can be used to differentiate elderly cognitively health, MCI and AD. A total of 104 older adults (26 with mild AD, 42 with MCI and 36 cognitively health - controls) were evaluated by the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) under four experimental conditions: (1) TUG simple task (TUG only); (2) TUG in association with a cognitive task; (3) TUG plus a manual task; and (4) TUG triple (plus a cognitive and manual task). Statistically significant differences in TUG were found between diagnostic groups in all experimental conditions, especially with respect to amount of time (in seconds) and number of steps (TUG 1-4) and stops (TUG 2-4). Regarding the area under the curve (AUC), all TUG tasks displayed a high accuracy level in discriminating between diagnostic groups: 1) amount of time (in seconds): AUC> 0.8 in TUG 1-4 between the control and MCI groups(p<0,001), AUC> 0.9 in TUG 1-4 between the control and AD groups(p<0,001), and AUC> 0.7 in TUG 2-4 between the MCI and AD groups(p<0,001); 2) the number of steps: AUC> 0.7 in TUG 1-4 between the control and MCI groups (p<0,001), AUC> 0.8 in TUG 1-4 between the control and AD groups (p<0,001), and AUC> 0.7 between in TUG 1-4 the MCI and AD groups (p<0,02); 3) and in the number of stops: AUC> 0.6 in TUGs 2-4 between the control and MCI groups (p<0,05), AUC> 0.8 in TUGs 2-4 between the control and AD groups (p<0,001) and AUC> 0.7 between the MCI and AD groups (p<0,05). Thus, motor performance is affected in older adults with MCI and early stages of AD, both with and without a divided attention task, and all conditions tested were able to differentiate among diagnostic groups

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Bernardes de Souza.pdf: 973017 bytes, checksum: f04eea81d016537091abb96aa6ce166f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-09 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Down syndrome (DS) is the most common and ancient genetic disorder linked to an intellectual disability that has many characteristics and clinical conditions. Among the worst affected areas have language, gross motor control and cognition. The manual skills are important for educational development and for the functional independence of the individual. Previous research has demonstrated a possible correlation between low hand grip and manual dexterity in these individuals and their influence on the manipulation of objects when compared to normal subjects. From this knowledge, we attempted to verify through this research a possible correlation between manual dexterity, grip strength, anthropometry of the hand and their functional performance. To this end, participants were 35 children and young people with DS and 35 without the syndrome, which comprised the control group, all 7 years and 6 months to 14 years, which were grouped into three age groups: 1 (7 years and 6 months to 8 years), 2 (9 to 11 years) and 3 (12 to 14 years). Manual dexterity was assessed by the Box and Block Test and the O'Connor Finger Dexterity Test. Grip strength was measured by Jamar ®, anthropometry by the length and width of the hand with a caliper of long nails and performances by the Inventory Valuation PEDI. The grip strength and manual dexterity were assessed three times, being used as his best result since the survey. The O'Connor Finger Dexterity Test was taken by the research does not show the appropriate population with DS. The results of the control group were higher than the group with DS in all tests. The statistical correlation between the variables showed that the SD group there is a positive and linear relationship between the grip strength and manual dexterity, the width of your hand and manual dexterity, the length and width of your hand and grip strength, the area of self-care (PEDI) and grip strength and length manual. We conclude that the individual with DS presents: late growth of the hand, changes in grip strength with age, manual dexterity less and constant across the age groups studied and functional performance lagged. It is suggested that further research be done using a larger sample in order to have an overview of the performance of manual and the verification of other variables that might interfere with this performance. And that is done a clinical study to evaluate the relationship of improvement in grip strength with the other variables studied. / A Síndrome de Down (SD) é a mais comum e antiga patologia genética ligada a uma deficiência intelectual que apresenta inúmeras características e condições clínicas. Dentre as áreas mais afetadas estão a linguagem, a motricidade global e a cognição. As habilidades manuais são importantes para desenvolvimento educacional e para a independência funcional do indivíduo. Pesquisas anteriores demonstram uma possível correlação entre o déficit de preensão palmar e a destreza manual nestes indivíduos e sua influencia na manipulação de objetos quando comparados a indivíduos normais. A partir deste conhecimento, buscou-se verificar através desta pesquisa uma possível correlação entre a destreza manual, força de preensão palmar, antropometria da mão e do seu desempenho funcional. Participaram deste estudo 35 crianças e jovens com SD e 35 saudáveis, que compuseram o grupo controle, todos com 7 anos e 6 meses a 14 anos, agrupadas em três faixas etárias: 1 (7 anos e 6 meses aos 8 anos), 2 (9 aos 11 anos) e 3 (12 aos 14 anos). A destreza manual foi avaliada pelo Teste Caixa e Blocos e pelo O`Connor Finger Dexterity Test. A força de preensão foi mensurada pelo dinamômetro Jamar®, a antropometria pelo comprimento e largura da mão com o auxílio de um paquímetro de hastes longas e o desempenho funcional pelo Inventário de Avaliação PEDI. A dinamometria e destreza manual foram avaliadas três vezes, sendo utilizado o seu melhor resultado como dado da pesquisa. O O`Connor Finger Dexterity Test foi retirado da pesquisa por não se mostrar adequado a população com SD. Os resultados do grupo controle foram superiores ao grupo com SD em todos os testes, como esperado. A correlação estatística entre as variáveis mostrou que no grupo SD existe uma relação positiva e linear entre força de preensão palmar e destreza manual, comprimento e largura da mão, área de autocuidado (PEDI). Conclui-se que o indivíduo com SD apresenta: crescimento tardio da mão, evolução da força de preensão palmar com a idade, destreza manual inferior e constante entre as faixas etárias estudadas e desempenho funcional defasado. Sugere-se que novas pesquisas sejam feitas utilizando uma amostra maior para que se tenha uma visão global do desempenho manual destes além da verificação de outras variáveis que possam interferir nessa performance. E que, seja feito um estudo clínico para avaliar a relação da melhora da força de preensão palmar com as outras variáveis pesquisadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Roberto Pereira de Souza.pdf: 1846295 bytes, checksum: a8f771c8b59c62c6193c0a6a50805823 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The Chronobiology studies the biological rhythms found in all kind of life. When these rhythms follow a cycle of about 24 hours are called Circadian Rhythms (from the Latin circa = about and diem = day). The body temperature, the release of cortisol, changes in heart rate and blood pressure are examples of Circadian Rhythms. These conditions are associated with rhythmicity exogenous and endogenous factors. In exogenous factors we mention the temperature, environment, sleep/wake cycle, day light, seasons, oxygen tension and gravity cycles. In endogenous factors, the Circadian Rhythm is under direct influence of hormones secreted. With the variations of geophysical cycles is possible to classify people as morningness, intermediate and eveningness. The morning wake rather early, around 5 to 7 am and has a preference for an early night, the evening have a preference for sleeping and waking up late, showing better performance in the afternoon and evening. The intermediaries are indifferent because they have no specific preference for bedtime and waking, playing well activities at any time of day. To sort the chronotype of each individual, we used a validated questionnaire which determines how the individual through structured questions. Motor coordination is the ability to integrate systems with multiple sensory modalities engines within an efficient movement and cognitive skills, mature as wherein the maturation of the central nervous system develops, allowing the progressive learning these skills. To evaluate and assess their motor coordination skills body, we applied the test of motor coordination body for children. The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of Circadian Rhythm on motor coordination body in the boys with 11 and 12 years old comparing the performance of young soccer players, and healthy students children and with Down syndrome. For research questionnaire was used to identify and evaluate which chronotype ant to motor coordination test was applied KTK (Motor Coordination Test for Children), applied at different times of the day, a battery in the morning between 8:00 am and 10:00 am, and another in the afternoon between 2:00 pm and 4:00 pm. The results showed that the chronotype of the three groups involved were the same as the general population, which is most of the morning and intermediate characteristics. In KTK tests comparing the periods, there were no statistically significant results. The results showed similarities in groups of soccer players and healthy students with mild improvement of these values in the afternoon. The group of boys with Down syndrome showed lower values in tests, keeping statistical values not significant between morning and afternoon. / A cronobiologia estuda os ritmos biológicos encontrados em todos os seres vivos. Quando estes ritmos seguem um ciclo de aproximadamente 24 horas, chamam-se ritmos circadianos (do latim, circa = por volta de e diem = dia). A temperatura corpórea, a liberação do cortisol, as variações do ritmo cardíaco e da pressão arterial, são exemplos de ritmos circadianos. Estas condições de ritmicidade estão associadas a fatores exógenos e a fatores endógenos. Nos fatores exógenos podemos citar a temperatura, o ambiente, o ciclo sono/vigília, a luminosidade, as estações do ano, tensão de oxigênio e ciclos de gravitação. Nos fatores endógenos, o ritmo circadiano sofre influência direta de hormônios secretados. Com as variações dos ciclos geofísicos é possível classificar os seres vivos como matutino, intermediário ou vespertino. Os matutinos preferem despertar bem cedo, por volta das 5 e 7 horas da manhã e tem preferência por dormir cedo, os vespertinos têm preferência por dormir e acordar tarde, mostrando melhor desempenho no período da tarde e noite. Os intermediários são indiferentes, pois não têm preferência específica para o horário de dormir e acordar, desempenhando bem suas atividades a qualquer período do dia. Para classificar o cronotipo de cada indivíduo, foi utilizado um questionário validado onde determina a característica do indivíduo através de questões estruturadas. A coordenação motora é a capacidade de integrar sistemas motores com várias modalidades sensoriais dentro de um movimento eficiente e as habilidades cognitivas, amadurecem na medida em que a maturação do sistema nervoso central se desenvolve, possibilitando o aprendizado progressivo destas habilidades. Para avaliar e pontuar as habilidades de coordenação motora corporal foi aplicado o teste de coordenação motora corporal para crianças (KTK). O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a influência do ritmo circadiano na coordenação motora corporal em meninos aos 11 e 12 anos comparando o desempenho de futebolistas de categorias de base, escolares saudáveis e meninos com Síndrome de Down. Para a investigação foi aplicado o questionário de identificação de cronotipia e para avaliar a coordenação motora foi aplicado o teste KTK (teste de Coordenação Motora para Crianças), aplicados em horários diferentes do dia, uma bateria de manhã entre 08 h e 10h00min., e outra à tarde entre 14h00minhs e 16 h. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a cronotipia dos três grupos envolvidos foram as mesmas da população em geral, sendo esta maioria de características intermediárias a matutinas. Nos testes KTK comparando os períodos, os resultados não foram estatisticamente significativos. Os valores mostraram semelhanças nos grupos dos futebolistas e alunos saudáveis, com leve melhora destes valores no período vespertino. No grupo dos meninos com síndrome de Down, foram obtidos baixos valores nos testes aplicados, sem diferença significativa no desempenho matutino e vespertino.

Em 32 pacientes com Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne, em corticoterapia, avaliou-se a evolução da força muscular, ao longo de 14 meses, mensalmente no primeiro semestre e a cada dois meses no segundo e terceiro semestre. Testes empregados: escala "Medical Research Council", Hammersmith "motor ability score", levantamento de peso cronometragem do tempo para manobra de Gowers e para percorrer 9 metros. O estudo revelou tendência de estabilidade da força muscular durante o acompanhamento e que para avaliar objetivamente a força muscular são suficientes intervalos de três meses no primeiro semestre de corticoterapia e, posteriormente, de seis meses enquanto durar o tratamento / In 32 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and receiving steroid therapy we assessed muscle strength along a follow-up of 14 months using Medical Research Council scale, Hammersmith functional motor scale, timed testing for rising from the floor and walking 9 meters, as well as rising weights. The tests were repeated monthly along the first 6 months and every two months by the rest of the follow-up. The study revealed a trend to functional stability and that the muscle strength can be evaluated at 3 and 6 months of treatment and then every 6 months while the steroid therapy is maintained

Abstract The speech and language abilities of preterm and low birthweight children were studied at the age of 8 in the northern Finland 1-year birth cohort for 1985 - 86. The language abilities of 42 8-year-old preterm children with birthweight &lt; 1750 g were studied with four different language tests: the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA), the Token Test for Children (TTC), the Morphological Test for Finnish speaking children (MT) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Full-term control children with birthweight ≥ 2500 g (n = 42) from the same birth cohort matched individually with their preterm pairs for age, sex, twinship, mother's education, place of residence, birth order and family type were also studied. In addition, linguistic and motor abilities of low birthweight (LBW, &lt; 2500 g) 8-year-old children (n = 279) were studied using parental (n = 8370, 90 %) and teacher (n = 8525, 92 %) evaluations by mailed questionnaire. The results showed that the 8-year-old preterm (&lt; 1750 g) children scored significantly poorer than their controls in visual subtests measured by ITPA and that the poor performance in visual tests was associated with neonatal infections, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In addition, the preterm children with minor neurodevelopmental dysfunction (MND) scored worst and differed significantly from their matched controls in verbal comprehension measured by TTC. They also differed significantly from other preterm groups, namely healthy preterm and preterm children with cerebral palsy (CP) in TTC. Periventricular leukomalasia (PVL) findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were not associated with the performance in the language ability tests. The parents evaluated the LBW (&lt; 2500 g) children to have more problems in speech and language than the normal birth-weight (NBW, ≥ 2500 g) children. The LBW boys were the poorest in linguistic and motor skills compared with the NBW boys or any of the groups of girls. There was also a clear relationship between speech/linguistic and motor disabilities. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the lower birthweight and some sociodemographic factors, for example mother's younger age (20 - 24y), having more than four children in the family, a reconstructed family, as well as hearing impairment and male gender were the most important determinants of poor speech and language abilities at 8 years of age, with and without adjustment for neonatal risk factor. Smallness for gestational age was also a risk factor for poor speech and language skills. Preterm birth was associated with poor skills only after removal of the neonatal risk factor from the model. Brain auditory evoked potential (BAEP) findings did not associate to poor language abilities of preterm children. To conclude, the preterm (&lt; 1750 g) and the LBW children experienced speech and language disabilities at 8 years of age more than their full-term mates with NBW. Problems in speech production and especially in speech perception were more frequent among them both in clinical studies and parental evaluations.The visual problems were typical for preterm children (&lt; 1750 g), which should be taken into account also in speech therapy. A closer and regular follow-up of language development in the preterm children with MND is important. Parental and teachers evaluations are useful in studying children's speech and language abilities. / Tiivistelmä Pohjoissuomalaisen vuoden 1985 - 86 syntymäkohortin ennenaikaisina ja pienipainoisina syntyneiden lasten puheen- ja kielenkehitystä tutkittiin heidän ollessaan 8-vuotiaita. Aluksi testattiin 42 ennenaikaisena ja alle 1750 g syntyessään painanutta 8-vuotiasta lasta sekä heidän 42 täysiaikaisina syntynyttä ja ≥ 2500 g painanutta kontrollipariaan neljällä kielellisellä testillä, nimittäin Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities -testillä (ITPA), Lasten Token testillä, Morfologiatestillä ja Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test nimisellä sanavarastotestillä (PPVT). Kontrollilapset valittiin samasta kohortista ja kaltaistettiin ennenaikaisina syntyneiden lasten kanssa iän, sukupuolen, kaksosuuden, äidin koulutuksen, asuinpaikan, syntymäjärjestyksen ja perhetyypin perusteella. Koko syntymäkohortin kaikkien pienipainoisina (LBW, &lt; 2500 g) syntyneiden 8-vuotiaiden lasten (n=279) kielellisiä ja motorisia taitoja tutkittiin lisäksi vanhemmille (n = 8370, 90 %) ja opettajille (n = 8525, 92 %) osoitetun kyselyn perusteella. Tulokset osoittivat, että ennenaikaisina (&lt; 1750 g) syntyneet lapset saivat merkitsevästi heikommat pisteet kuin heidän kontrollinsa ITPA:n visuaalisissa tehtävissä. Heikko visuaalinen suoriutuminen oli yhteydessä neonataalikauden infektioihin, ylipainehoitoon (CPAP) ja avoimeen valtimotiehyeen (PDA). Lisäksi ne ennenaikaisina syntyneet lapset, joilla oli lievää neurologista toiminnan häiriötä (MND) saivat puheen ymmärtämistä mittaavasta Token testistä heikommat pisteet kuin kontrollinsa. MND-lapset erosivat myös merkitsevästi muista ennenaikaisina syntyneistä lapsista, terveistä ja CP-vammaisista, Token testillä mitattuna. Periventrikulaarisen leukomalasian (PVL) löydökset aivojen magneettikuvauksessa (MRI) eivät olleet yhteydessä suoriutumiseen kielellisissä testeissä. Vanhempien arvioiden perusteella LBW lapsilla oli enemmän ongelmia puheessa ja kielessä kuin normaalipainoisina (NBW, ≥ 2500 g) syntyneillä kahdeksan vuoden iässä. LBW-pojat olivat heikompia kielellisissä ja motorisissa taidoissa kuin NBW-pojat tai kummatkaan tyttöjen ryhmät. Tutkimuksen perusteella puheen ja kielellisten taitojen sekä motoriikan välillä oli selvä yhteys. Monimuuttujaisen logistisen regressioanalyysin perusteella matala syntymäpaino sekä tietyt sosiodemografiset tekijät, kuten äidin nuori ikä (20 - 24 v.), perheen yli neljän menevä lapsimäärä, uusperhe sekä kuulovika ja poikasukupuoli olivat lasten keskeisimpiä heikkoon puheen- ja kielenkehitykseen liittyviä riskitekijöitä 8 vuoden iässä riippumatta siitä, oliko analyysissa mukana neonataalikauden riskitekijä vai ei. Pienipainoisuus raskauden kestoon nähden oli myös riski heikolle puheen ja kielen kehitykselle. Ennenaikaisuus oli yhteydessä heikkoon puheen ja kielen kehitykseen, kun neonataalikauden riskitekijä poissuljettiin analyysista. Aivorunkoaudiometrian (BAEP) löydökset puolestaan eivät olleet yhteydessä kielenkehityksen ongelmiin. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksenä voidaan esittää, että ennenaikaisina (&lt; 1750 g) syntyneillä ja LBW-lapsilla oli enemmän ongelmia kuin täysiaikaisina syntyneillä NBW-lapsilla puheen- ja kielenkehityksessään 8 vuoden iässä. Ongelmat puheen tuotossa ja erityisesti vastaanotossa olivat heillä yleisempiä sekä kliinisen tutkimuksen että vanhempien arvion perusteella. Visuaalisen hahmottamisen vaikeudet olivat tyypillisiä ennenaikaisina (&lt; 1750 g) syntyneille lapsille, mikä olisi hyvä huomioida myös puheterapiassa. Tutkimuksen perusteella ennenaikaisina syntyneiden MND-lasten kielenkehityksen tarkka ja säännöllinen seuranta on tärkeää. Vanhempien ja opettajien arviot ovat hyödyllinen lisä lasten puheen- ja kielenkehityksen tutkimuksessa. / Čoahkkáigeassu Davvisuopmelaš jagi 1985-86 riegadankohortta ovdaláigge ja menddo geahpasin riegádan mánáid hupman- ja giellaovdaneapmi dutkojuvvui go mánát ledje 8-jahkáččat. Álggos testejuvvojedje 42 riegádettiin vuollái 1750 g deaddán 8-jahkásaš máná ja sin 42 dievasáigge šaddan ja ≥2500g deaddán kontrollapára njeljiin giellateasttain, namalassii ITP:ain (Illinois Test of Psycolinguistic Abilities), Mánáid Toke-teasttain, Morfologiijateasttain ja Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-sátnerádjoteasttain (= PPTV). Kontrollapárat válljejuvvojedje seamma kohorttas ja dahkkojuvvojedje seammaláganin čuovvovaš áššiid ektui: ahki, sohkabealli,jumešvuohta,eatni skuvlejupmi,orrunbáiki,riegádanortnet ja bearaštiipa. Riegádankohortta menddo geahpasin (&lt; 2500) riegádan 8-jahkásaš mánáid (n = 279) gielalaš ja motora dáiddut dutkojuvvojedje dasa lassin váhnemiid ja oahpaheaddjiid árvvoštallamiid vuođul. Mánáid váhnemiin 8370 (90%) ja oahpaheaddjiin 8525 (92%) vástidedje jearahallamii. Bohtosat čájehedje, ahte ovdaláigge riedágan mánát ožžo statistihkalaččat mearkkašahtti heajut čuoggaid go sin kontrollapárat ITPA visuála bargguin. Heajos visuála návccain lei oktavuohta neonatála-áiggi infekšuvnnaide, alladeaddodikšui (CPAP) ja rabas váibmosutnii (PDA). Dasa lassin ovdaláigge riegádan mánát, geain ledje muhtun veardde neurologalaš doaibmanváttut(MND) ožžo Toke-teasttas, mainna mihtidit hupmama ipmirdeapmi,heajut čuoggáid go sin kontrollapárat. MND-mánát sierranedje maiddái mearkkašahtti veardde Toke-teasttas eará ovdaláigge riegádan mánáin, sihke dearvasiin ja CP-váttogiin. Periventikuláralaš leukomasiija (PVL) gávdnosiin ii lean oktavuohta gielalaš teasttain birgemii. Periventikuláralaš leukomasiija (PVL) gávdnosiin magnehtagovvideamis(MRI) ii lean oktavuohta gielalaš teasttain birgemii. Váhnemiid árvvoštallama mielde menddo geahpasin riegádan mánáin ledje eambbo váttisvuođat hupmamis go normáladeattogin riegádan mánáin. Menddo geahpasin riegádan bártnit ledje heajubut gielalaš ja ja motora dáidduid ektui go normáladeattogin riegádan bártnit dahje goabbáge nieddaid joavkkuin. Dutkamuša vuođul hupmama ja gielalaš dáidduid ja motoriikka gaskkas lea čielga oktavuohta. Logistihkalas regreššuvdna-analiissa,mas ledje máŋga rievdi, vuođul menddo geahppa riegádandeaddu ja dihto sosiodemográfalaš dahkkit, dego eatni ahki (20-24 j.), mánáid lohku > 4 bearrašis, ođđabearaš ja lossa gullu ja bárdnesohkabealli ledje mánáid deaháleamos heajos hupmama ja giela ovdaneami einnosteaddjit 8 jagi agis, fuolakeahttá das, leigo analiissas mielde neonatála-áiggi várradahkki vai ii. Menddo geahppa riegádandeaddu ohkeagi ektui lasihii maiddái vára ahte mánná hupmagoahtá heajut ja su giella ovdana funet. Ovdaláigge riegádeamis lei oktavuohta heajos hupmama ja giela ovdaneapmái, go neonatála-áigge várradahkki ii váldojuvvon vuhtii analiissas. BAEP-gávdnosiin ii lean fas lean oktavuohta giela heajos ovdaneapmái. Dutkamuša jurddaboađusin sáhttá buktit ovdan,ahte ovdaláigge ja menddo geahpasin riegádan mánáin ledje 8- jahkásažžan eambbo váttisvuođat hupmama ja giela ovdaneamis go ollesáigge ja normáladeattogin riegádan mánáin. Maiddái hupmama ipmirdeamis ledje eambbo váttisvuođat. Heajos visuála návccat ledje sidjiide mihtilmaččat ja dan galggašii váldit vuhtii maid hupmanterapiijas.Dutkamuša vuođul MND-mánáid giellaovdaneami dárkilit ja regulára čuovvun lea deahálaš. Váhnemiid ja oahpaheaddjiid árvvoštallamat sáhttet leat ávkkalaččat mánáid hupmama ja giela ovdameami dutkamis.

Les habiletés motrices des jeunes sont en déclin depuis plusieurs années au Canada. Plusieurs interventions ou programmes ont ainsi été développés, et ce, en vue d’améliorer la pratique d’activités physiques (AP) à long terme chez les enfants. Quelques études ont réalisé une évaluation des effets de ces programmes mais peu d'entre elles ont procédé à une évaluation de leur processus d'implantation. Or, l'évaluation de processus est importante pour comprendre les freins ou facteurs facilitants qui peuvent moduler les résultats. Cet aspect est d'autant plus important quand une intervention est déployée dans plusieurs milieux à la fois. Notre étude vise à évaluer le programme Bleu Blanc Bouge en Action (BBBEA) de la Fondation des Canadiens pour l’Enfance afin de rendre compte des facteurs qui ont pu faciliter ou nuire à son implantation. Trois composantes du processus d'implantation ont été évaluées : le « Reach », la « dose delivered » et la « dose received ». Les données ont été collectées au moyen d'une grille d’observation créée à partir de la grille SOFIT (McKenzie, Sallis et coll. 1991) ainsi qu'au moyen d'un questionnaire auprès des parents des jeunes (n=238) des six écoles participantes. Quatre des six séances de BBBEA ont fait l'objet d'observations auprès d'un échantillon de deux des six milieux ciblés par le programme. Les observations ont porté à la fois sur les interventions des animateurs et sur les activités d'un sous-échantillon de jeunes (Montréal-Nord : n = 35 et Verdun : n = 38). Nos résultats indiquent que la clientèle ciblée par BBBEA (des jeunes ne sachant pas patiner) compose près de 75 % des participants du programme. La part relative du temps d’engagement moteur est significativement plus élevée (50,5 % contre 41,0 %) dans le milieu comportant davantage de jeunes sachant patiner, ce qui suggère un effet d’entraînement du groupe sur les apprenants. Un constat positif du programme est que le temps d’engagement moteur dans les deux milieux étudiés est semblable ou supérieur à celui de programmes de promotion de l’activité physique comparables à BBBEA. Lors de jeux et d’activités libres, l’engagement moteur des jeunes est significativement plus faible dans le milieu où l’effet d’entraînement du groupe est moins manifeste. Ceci suggère que des activités plus structurées (éducatifs lors de la pratique d'une habileté motrice) seraient favorables à l’engagement moteur des jeunes lorsque ceux-ci semblent peu engagés ou autodidactes. / Canadian youth’s motor skills have been declining over the last few years. Many interventions or programs have been developed to enhance children’s long term physical activity practice. Some studies evaluated the effects of those interventions, but only a small number carried on a process evaluation of the implementation. A process evaluation is important to get a better understanding of barriers and facilitators of the intervention. These components of evaluation are some of the most important criteria to explain the divergent results of an intervention deployed in various environments. Our research was an evaluation of the Bleu Blanc Bouge en Action (BBBEA) program of the Montreal Canadiens Children’s Foundation aiming to reflect elements impairing or enabling its implementation. Three components of the implementation process have been evaluated: the Reach, the dose delivered and the dose received. Data was collected with an observational form adapted from the System for observing fitness instruction time (SOFIT) (McKenzie, Sallis et al. 1991) and with questionnaire distributed to the parents of the youth of the six targeted participant schools. A sub-sample of 35 children from Montréal Nord and 38 from Verdun were observed during 4 of the 6 skating lessons. Results show that targeted participants (children that do not know how to skate) compose almost 75 % of the program’s attendees. Physical engagement proportion was significantly higher (50.5 % vs 41.0 %) in the environment composed of a higher number of children knowing how to skate, suggesting a ripple effect on the learners. As a positive outcome, MVPA (moderate to vigorous physical activity) proportion in both neighborhoods was equal or higher than other programs comparable to BBBEA. During “game” or “free play” contexts, children’s physical activity levels were significantly lower in the context where the ripple effect was the weakest. This suggests that structured activities (drills during motor skills practice) favor youth’s physical engagement when they are disengaged or less autodidact.

Title: Motor testing of children in elementary stage of swimming training Target: The main goal of the thesis is to determine level of motor skills of swimmers in elementary stage of training by means of UNIFITTEST (6-60) test battery. Findings will be compared with selected results of other groups of sporting and unsporting children age 10 - 12. Methods: Two basic methods were selected to obtain required data. A controlled interview with swimming coach was used in order to select the research group. Consequently selected swimmers were tested for motor condition according to UNIFITTEST (6 - 60) test battery (Měkota, Kovář et al. 2002). Data acquired from the selected tests were processed and graphically expressed using mathematic - statistical method. Comparative method was used to compare results of group unsporting children with selected group of children from modern pentathlon. Results: By evaluating all results from four basic tests UNIFITTEST (6 - 60) 61 % of the swimmers have acquired above average evaluation of motor performance. Comparison of swimming group and unsporting children proved better results of swimmers in 12 minute run and shudder. In other tests results of boys from swimming and unsporting children were comparable. Among girls the swimming group was significantly better. Modern...

The aim of this thesis was to assess the influence of canistherapeutic intervention on the level of fine motor skills in patients with rare diseases, namely mitochondrial encephalocardiomyopathy caused by TMEM70 gene mutation and Leigh syndrome. Canistherapeutic intervention in these patients is based on activation of motoric functions during programme reasonably designed according to the needs of specific patients. The assistance of the dog is used to achieve this activation. The dog acts as an important motivational factor and the direct contact with it contributes to development of sensomotoric skills of these patients. The thesis summarizes general information about rare diseases and focuses on one of the subgroups of mitochondrial disorders. It presents knowledge about the Leigh syndrome and mitochondrial encephalocardiomyopathy caused by TMEM70 gene mutation. Subsequently the thesis presents information about canistherapy and fine motor skills. The thesis further contains case reports of patients, data from research units and their evaluation. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether patients with mitochondrial disease show improvement of quality and effectivity of selected grasp forms and thus faster and more precise execution assigned tasks focusing on object manipulations. Partial...