Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet de l'auto-sélection des salariés sur l'estimation de la productivité, des différentiels de salaires et de qualité du travail entre les secteurs. Afin de prendre en compte l'auto-sélection des employés dans l'estimation des différentiels le long de la distribution des salaires, nous construisons une approche innovante composée de trois caractéristiques: (i) nous nous intéressons aux effets par quantile inconditionnel; (ii) nous incorporons des effets fixes spécifiques à chaque quantile; (iii) nous proposons une méthode de correction de l'incidental parameter bias. Cette approche permet de produire des résultats exploitables en terme de politiques publiques. Nous montrons dans un premier temps que la sélection positive dans le secteur public tend à se dégrader. Elle disparaît totalement en haut de la distribution des salaires dans la période récente, suggérant un effet négatif du gel des salaires nominaux. Dans notre deuxième article, nous mettons en évidence une sélection négative substantielle dans le secteur informel concernant les hommes et les bas salaires. Cette sélection négative apparaît à la suite de la Grande Récession, indiquant une réallocation des salariés les moins productifs vers le secteur informel. Dans le dernier article, nous montrons pour la période récente que le niveau de productivité des SCOP n'est pas significativement différent de celui des autres entreprises. Nous confirmons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les motivations non-pécunières des employés expliquent une partie importante de la productivité des SCOP dans deux des secteurs étudiés (secteur manufacturier et secteur des transports). / This PhD thesis studies the effect of workers' self-selection when estimating productivity, wages and job quality differentials between sectors. In order to account for the self-selection of employees in the estimation of differentials along the wage distribution, we develop an innovative approach comprising three features: (i) we rely on unconditional quantile effects ; (ii) we incorporate quantile-specific fixed effects; (iii) we suggest a treatment of the incidental parameter bias. This method allows to provide public policies relevant comparisons. We show first that the positive selection into public jobs tends to decline. It totally disappears among top earners in the recent period, suggesting the detrimental effect of nominal wage freeze. In the second paper, we unveil that there is a substantial negative selection into informal salary work for men on average and particularly at low wages. It arises in the wake of the Great Recession, pointing to a shakeout of less productive workers in the formal sector. In the last paper, we account for employees' non-pecuniary motives in our comparison of the productivity of labour-managed firms and other for-profits company. We confirm for the recent period and on a large scale that the SCOP total factor productivity level is not significantly different from the other firms'. We find also results that support the hypothesis that employees non-pecuniary motives accounts for a substantial part of French labour-managed firms productivity in two of the three industries studied (manufacturing and transports).

La gestion de cas est une pratique professionnelle qui s’implante actuellement en France, en particulier dans le domaine des soins aux personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie. Les « gestionnaires de cas » interviennent auprès de personnes âgées vivant à domicile dont la situation est jugée particulièrement complexe sur le plan médical et social. Ils ont pour mission d’évaluer les besoins des personnes suivies, de mettre en place les soins et les aides nécessaires, et d’assurer un suivi à long terme. Ils participent au processus d’intégration de l’organisation des soins en identifiant les dysfonctionnements au niveau de leur territoire, dans le cadre du « dispositif MAIA ». L’apparition de cette nouvelle pratique professionnelle soulève des enjeux éthiques spécifiques, du fait du positionnement particulier des gestionnaires de cas vis-à-vis des personnes accompagnées et de leur rôle nouveau dans le système de soins. L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer un cadre cohérent pour penser l’éthique de la gestion de cas, à partir de l’analyse des valeurs, des attitudes et des pratiques des gestionnaires de cas. Notre approche méthodologique s’appuie sur une recherche qualitative permettant un dialogue permanent entre faits observés et constructions théoriques, selon les principes de l’éthique empirique intégrée. Notre recueil de données comprend des entretiens approfondis avec des gestionnaires de cas, des entretiens semi-structurés avec les « pilotes » qui les encadrent, des groupes de discussions et un questionnaire écrit. L’étude française est complétée par une étude de cas visant à évaluer les conséquences sur l’éthique des professionnels d’un contexte organisationnel différent, à partir de groupes de discussion réalisés au Québec (Sherbrooke) et en Allemagne (Greifswald). L’analyse des données nous a amené à reconnaitre l’individualisation de la relation comme une valeur phare de la gestion de cas. L’engagement des professionnels dans une relation soignante leur permet de faire face aux conflits de valeurs que crée leur double mission de protéger des personnes vulnérables et de respecter leurs choix. Les gestionnaires de cas s’appuient en effet sur cette relation pour négocier avec la personne accompagnée un projet de soin qui fasse sens dans son histoire de vie. Cette individualisation de la relation entre en tension avec la nécessaire à une organisation du système de soins juste et efficiente. Le développement d’une éthique professionnelle spécifique à la gestion de cas nécessite donc de penser conjointement le rôle clinique du gestionnaire de cas, vis-à-vis des personnes accompagnés, et son rôle institutionnel. L’équilibre entre ces deux rôles est à construire dans le cadre d’une éthique organisationnelle, compatible avec l’éthique des professionnels et garante des droits des personnes accompagnées, propre à chaque système de santé. / Case management is a professional practice currently implemented in France. It is addressed to elderly persons living in community whose social and medical situation is regarded as particularly complex. Case managers have to assess needs in order to plan and coordinate necessary services. They assure a long term intensive follow-up. Furthermore, they promote the integration of the health care system by identifying malfunctions on their territories, as expected by the “MAIA” model. The emergence of this new practice raises specific ethical challenges, because of case managers’ two missions, patient-centered and system-centered. The aim of this study is to propose a coherent framework for case management ethics, based upon an analysis of case managers’ values, attitudes and practices. This study is based on one qualitative inquiry, allowing a continuous dialogue between observed facts and ethical theories, according to the approach of integrated empirical ethics. Our data collection contains in-depth interviews with case managers, semi-standardized interviews with some of their “pilots”, focus groups and a written questionnaire. This French survey is completed with a “case study” in order to assess the consequences of different organizational contexts on professionals’ ethics. We have therefore performed focus groups in Canada (Sherbrooke) and Germany (Greifswald). Our data analysis leads us to identify the individualization of relationships as a core value of case management. The commitment of the professionals in a care relationship helps them to face the dilemma between client’s protection and client’s empowerment. They rely on this relationship to negotiate with the client a care project that makes sense in terms of his/her life story. However, this individualized relationship can conflict with the standardization, necessary for the equity and the effectiveness of the health care system. Hence, the development of a professional ethics for case managers implies handling both, their clinical client-centered role and their systemic role. The balance between these two missions has to be elaborated in terms of an organizational ethics, consistent with the ethics of the professionals and guaranteeing the respect of the clients’ right, specific to each health care system.

Assessment is an integral part of teaching and learning in higher education. The use of technology in higher education, particularly in the ODL environment, has brought some changes on how we teach and assess students. The traditional assessment practices needed to be reviewed and reconfigured to meet the requirements of the 21st century assessment practices. The purpose of this doctoral study was to design a framework to guide the assessment of an E-portfolio as an alternative assessment approach in an ODL context. The integrated theoretical framework of the learning theories (behaviourism, cognitive and constructivist) and the ODL theories (connectivist, online collaborative and self-directed) underpinned the study. This integrated framework explored lecturer and student experiences in the use of Eportfolio, as an alternative assessment to enhance self-directed learning. In striving to get in-depth insight into this study, the pragmatism paradigm, which calls for the mixed methods research design, was employed for the collection and analysis of data. The sample was drawn from a cohort of six participants and fifty-six respondents in the three colleges of the university. This sequential exploratory mixed methods design employed semi-structured interviews, document analysis for qualitative data collection while a Likert scale of an online questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The findings of this research indicated that the E-portfolio can be of greater use as an alternative assessment approach and was able to empower students with higher order thinking skills, critical thinking skills and self-directed learning equipping them with the 21st century skills. Several challenges were experienced during the implementation of the E-portfolio, which included lack of digital literacies and technical assistance, nonsynchronisation of the learning management system for hosting E-portfolio (myUnisa), UNISA’s policies which do not include E-portfolio assessment processes and procedures. In conclusion, the literature study, the findings of the empirical research and the recommendation of this study formed the basis for designing the framework to guide the assessment of an E-portfolio as an alternative assessment strategy for an ODL context. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / Ph. D. (Curriculum Studies)

The author valorizes also his practical experiences of a left-oriented politician and first results from sociological research has set an objective to check two hypotheses: 1) that in the conditions of global capitalism development to save and fully revitalize the social state in his conception of a factor that is not only mitigating urgent social inequalities, but also raise the society and cultivates the human being, 2) that in the process of capitalist crises and the crises of a social state, senior citizens living from their pensions belong to the most threatened social groups. Methodologically the author claims to belong to modern Marxism and critically demarcate himself both from stalinism as well as from the recent official ideology, above all neoliberalism. The author refuses also the attempts to equate Marxism and the policy of KSČM to the ideology of the past governing class of controlling apparatus and comprehend the KSČM as a party disguised as Stalinist, anti human and non-democratic and in agreement with the program of this party that it represent in the Parliament of Czech Republic belongs to the self- managed socialism as a long-term objective of a societal transformation. As far as the method is concerned, in the view of a certain interdisciplinarity of the present publication, the...

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當前我國農業金融施政目標將配合農業加值政策，多元化推動政策性專案農貸，農貸對象將由個別農漁民推廣至農企業，是以，資金用途亦將由農業生產擴及農漁業運銷、加工與技術研發；穩健持續的發展農業將需要充分的資金，如何為農業發展自金融市場引入資金，融資是我國金融施政的當務之急。 　　我國農漁會組織結構脆弱，規模小且欠缺增資機制，本論文鑑於美國資產證券化發展至今已半個世紀，其對直接融資環境的建樹及國家經濟的繁榮功不可沒；直接融資的優點有三：降低借款者的融資成本、提高貸款者的營運效率、增加投資者的投資標的，本論文冀望借鏡美國資產證券化發展經驗及運作模式，創新我國融資思維，以「農業貸款證券化」的方式自金融市場直接取得資金，消弭農業金融當前的瓶頸，為農業發展提供有效的融資，全力發展農業貸款證券化尚能促進國內證券化及信託業務的健康發展。 　　本論文參考美國資產支持證券與小型企業署證券化的運作模式，規劃我國農業貸款支持證券的發行程序，包括創始資產、資產群組化、現金流結構、信用增強機制、發行架構、風險分析、信用評等及訂價策略八個構面，並探討發行之可行性，獲得適法性無疑、市場供給面與需求面具有發行正當性之結論。 　　在促進次級市場流動性議題上，本論文建議以「指定集合管理運用金錢信託」平台，透過投資人的多元性參與以及投資商品的多樣性選擇，在金錢信託架構下促進交易市場的活絡，進而帶動流動性的增強；最後，本論文建議信託業運用信託機制發揮投資銀行之功能，於兼顧企業融資與客戶投資之同時，實踐扶持中小企業、促進地方經濟繁榮的責任與願景。 　　國內如能順利推動農業貸款證券化業務，對市場各個參與者之利基臚列於下，此亦為本論文衷心冀盼的： 一、對政府、農委會等中央主管機關而言： 　　（一）得以建立我國農業資本市場、擴大我國債券之發行。 　　（二）得以解決農地閒置休耕問題、增進農企業規模發展。 　　（三）得以樽節政府農業發展支出、普及全民投資農漁業。 二、對全國農業金庫而言： 　　（一）得以差異化的營運方式有別於農漁會之經營。 　　（二）得以超然的立場貫徹執行金融監督管理之責。 三、對農漁會而言： 　　（一）得以縮減資本計提的需求、提升ROA與ROE。 　　（二）得以提升金融資產流動性、增進資金使用效率。 　　（三）得以提高自有資本的比率、改善經營的績效。 　　（四）得以開創資金調度的渠道、降低資金取得成本。 　　（五）得以分散金融資產的區域性風險與集中性風險。 四、對農、林、漁、牧業者而言： 　　（一）得以取得貸款資金。 　　（二）得以降低融資成本。 五、對投資人而言： 　　（一）得以直接參與本土農業投資。 　　（二）得以享有多樣化的投資選擇。 / The current Agriculture-Finance policy of R.O.C. is to cope with Agriculture Value-up policy, so as to promote diversified project loans from individuals to corporates. Consequently, the purpose of finance will be extended to agricultural and fishing logistics, process and technic inventions. Constant and stable development of agriculture needs sufficient capital; however, the main and urgent issue of agricultural development is to direct financing from capital market. The construction of farmers’ and fishermen’s association of R.O.C. is relevantly fragile, in miniature and in lack of the mechanism of capital injection. The securitization of the U.S.A. has been developed through half century, which flourishes economy and direct finance. There are three advantages of direct finance; the first is to lower the cost of borrowers, the second is to level-up the business efficiency of debtors, and the third is to increase the objects of investors. The essay is about to refer to the experiences of US securitization and its models, so as to innovate our financing thinking with direct financing from Agriculture-Loan-Securitization; where the bottleneck of agriculture financing can be breached and provide more sufficient and efficient capital to boost Agriculture-Loan-Securitization with advantageous growth of domestic business of securitization and trust. This essay consults the methods of US ABS and SME construction to plan the issuance of Agriculture-Loan-Securitization, including aspects of original assets, assets sectors, financing construction, credit enhancing mechanism, issuance construction, risk analysis, credit rating and pricing; that leads to the justification of feasibility, legality, supply and demand of issuance. As to the issue of increase liquidity of secondary market, this essay suggests that the building of Semi-discretionary collectively managed money trust platform can provide a varieties of diversified participation and investing products to investors under the construction of money trust to activate vivid market transaction and empower liquidity. This essay also suggests that the business of trust shall use the function of investment banking, with the balance between corporate financing and client investment, to support SME and improve local economy as a liability and vision. In the event of the succession of domestic Agriculture-Loan-Securitization, the niches of each participant are suggested as followed with sincerely: 1. To Council of Agriculture and government at large, (1) Building up agriculture financing market, expanding the issuance of bonds. (2) Sorting out farmland fallow, increasing the scale of agriculture business. (3) Saving the cost of governmental agriculture cost, promoting the investment to agriculture and fishing. 2. To Agricultural Bank of Taiwan, (1) Setting up the differentiation of management from farmers’ and fishermen’s association. (2) Supervising independently. 3. To farmers’ and fishermen’s association, (1) Minimizing the demand of capital adequacy, increasing ROA and ROE. (2) Increasing capital liquidity and efficiency. (3) Level up tier 1 capital, improve return. (4) Developing new capital channel, lowering the risk of financing. (5) Spreading finance area risk and concentric risk. 4. To agriculture, forestry, fishing and animal husbandry business, (1) Acquiring finance (2) Lower the cost of financing 5. To investors, (1) Participating local agriculture investments directly. (2) Have diversified options of investment.

Text in English / South Africa is currently in the process health care reform as the Government has undertaken the task of providing universal health care to all South Africans through the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHI). This study took an in-depth look at the history and progression of the post-1994 South African health care policy, and applied the Power Resources Theory to the political economy of the current health care reform process in South Africa. Through a comparative study of the pivotal elements in the phases of health reform in Canada and Sweden this study drew lessons for the design and implementation of universal public health care provision in South Africa. This study found that a strong culture of care, strong political will, active civil society participation and a focus on equality as opposed to poverty in the creation of policy is essential to a successful implementation of universal health care. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

Text in English / South Africa is currently in the process health care reform as the Government has undertaken the task of providing universal health care to all South Africans through the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHI). This study took an in-depth look at the history and progression of the post-1994 South African health care policy, and applied the Power Resources Theory to the political economy of the current health care reform process in South Africa. Through a comparative study of the pivotal elements in the phases of health reform in Canada and Sweden this study drew lessons for the design and implementation of universal public health care provision in South Africa. This study found that a strong culture of care, strong political will, active civil society participation and a focus on equality as opposed to poverty in the creation of policy is essential to a successful implementation of universal health care. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)

Text in Afrikaans / The purpose of this research study is to determine the extent to which employee assistance programmes can be utilised by welfare agencies to ensure that work-related and personal problems do not negatively influence the productivity of social workers. The group of respondents consisted of ten social work supervisors from ten different welfare agencies, which included civil sevice organisations, specialist organisations and family welfare organisations. The conclusion that was reached based on the findings of the empirical study is that social workers have a need for services that will prevent, relieve or eliminate their work-related and personal problems, in order to improve the productivity and general functioning of social workers. It is recommended that welfare agencies in accordence with their unique nature and functioning and the specific needs of the social workers, utilise employee assistance programmes so as to ensure optimal productivity of social workers / Die doel van die navorsingstudie is om te bepaal tot watter mate werknemerhulpprogramme deur welsynsinstansies aangewend kan word ten einde te verseker dat werkverwante en persoonlike probleme nie die produktiwiteit van maatskaplike werkers negatief beinvloed nie. Die ondersoekgroep het bestaan uit tien maatskaplikewerksupervisors van tien verskillende welsynsinstansies, te wete staatsdiensorganisasies, spesialiteitsorganisasies en gesinsorgorganisasies. Na aanleiding van die empiriese ondersoek is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat maatskaplike werkers 'n behoefte aan dienste het wat hul werkverwante en persoonlike probleme voorkom, verlig of uit die weg ruim ten einde produktiwiteit en algemene funksionering van maatskaplike werkers te bevorder. Daar word aanbeveel dat welsynsinstansies, na gelang van hul unieke aard en funksionering en die spesifieke behoeftes van die maatskaplike werker, werknemerhulpprogramme sal aanwend ten einde optimale produktiwiteit van maatskaplike werkers te verseker. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)

Text in Afrikaans / The purpose of this research study is to determine the extent to which employee assistance programmes can be utilised by welfare agencies to ensure that work-related and personal problems do not negatively influence the productivity of social workers. The group of respondents consisted of ten social work supervisors from ten different welfare agencies, which included civil sevice organisations, specialist organisations and family welfare organisations. The conclusion that was reached based on the findings of the empirical study is that social workers have a need for services that will prevent, relieve or eliminate their work-related and personal problems, in order to improve the productivity and general functioning of social workers. It is recommended that welfare agencies in accordence with their unique nature and functioning and the specific needs of the social workers, utilise employee assistance programmes so as to ensure optimal productivity of social workers / Die doel van die navorsingstudie is om te bepaal tot watter mate werknemerhulpprogramme deur welsynsinstansies aangewend kan word ten einde te verseker dat werkverwante en persoonlike probleme nie die produktiwiteit van maatskaplike werkers negatief beinvloed nie. Die ondersoekgroep het bestaan uit tien maatskaplikewerksupervisors van tien verskillende welsynsinstansies, te wete staatsdiensorganisasies, spesialiteitsorganisasies en gesinsorgorganisasies. Na aanleiding van die empiriese ondersoek is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat maatskaplike werkers 'n behoefte aan dienste het wat hul werkverwante en persoonlike probleme voorkom, verlig of uit die weg ruim ten einde produktiwiteit en algemene funksionering van maatskaplike werkers te bevorder. Daar word aanbeveel dat welsynsinstansies, na gelang van hul unieke aard en funksionering en die spesifieke behoeftes van die maatskaplike werker, werknemerhulpprogramme sal aanwend ten einde optimale produktiwiteit van maatskaplike werkers te verseker. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)