The aim of this thesis is to design improvements to increase the quality of the living in the territory of Jaroslavice and its surroundings. This South Moravian rural area located near the Austria–Czech Republic border may currently be considered as a No man's land. Given the subject of the thesis, the author suggests the conceptual solution of this problem. Focusing on the life in a border region analyses offer of the local development, amenities and opportunities, not forgetting about the education. The work suggests an entirely new local education system from the very beginning - from kindergartens to secondary education. The missing high school forces students to travel or to move to nearby towns such as Znojmo. what usually leads to their breakaway from the local environment. This could be avoided by building a new secondary school in Jaroslavice. It would link to the rich history of this village from the pre-war period, when it was considered an important transition point between the cities of Brno and Vienna. Besides, Czech-German school can re-establish mutual cooperation between both countries. Designated school is based on a current education needs, e.g. practical training experiences in local businesses, which is costs saving and immediately applicable. The subject of this thesis is placed into the area of the ruined mansion under the local castle. Besides school, there is also Food Center and Research Institute. All three institutions cooperate together, similarly to the concept of manor court (meierhof) in the past. Educational facilities are arranged in U-shape form with the inner courtyard and the large greenhouse on one side. Each wing of the building is self-sufficient and has a different character. The west wing is two-storey, on the ground floor there is a library with classrooms for social sciences and the heart of the house - room for theatre and performances. On the second floor there is a school headquarters facing the courtyard with the ability to check the daily routine. The central wing with entrance consists of classrooms of natural sciences and another social science classrooms located towards the courtyard for eventual outdoor lessons. Last part consists of computer classrooms made for the technical sciences. This wing leads to the lower floor with side entrance to a parking lot. Greenhouse, designed for both the public and the students, is an inseparable part of the school.

Most low cost housing beneficiaries either work in the informal sector with little income to meet all their basic needs, or do not work at all. They live in poverty because many of them are unskilled, unemployed, poorly represented economically, politically and socially. Hence the new South African Housing Policy is said to be enabling the housing environment to play a more meaningful role in job creation and employment sustainability. This is said to be achieved through skills transfer and giving support to small businesses which are geared towards more labour intensive opportunities. Job creation, in the context of this study, means training ,and the use of housing beneficiaries in housing construction. The provision of skills enhances beneficiaries to engage in self-employment programmes. Sustainability, on the other hand, looks at the use of dwelling units for small business purposes, the proximity of housing projects in relation to areas of employment, and the transfer of skills from place to place when required. After conducting a survey of 98 beneficiaries, the study revealed a lack of an effective mechanism for job creation and employment sustainability within greenfields housing projects. In order to provide both guidelines and recommendations for the effective implementation of housing projects, this dissertation assesses the extent to which greenfields housing projects have been able to create and sustain employment opportunities for housing beneficiaries. Case studies used to assess this aspect are Wiggins uMkhumbane in Cato Manor and Westrich in Newlands West. This study outlines failures and successes in the manner in which the above mentioned housing projects were implemented in relation to the creation and sustainability of income generating activities. This dissertation is structured as follows: The first chapter introduces the research problem, research question hypothesis, and the research method used to conduct the study. The second chapter provides both the conceptual framework and the literature review for the topic being investigated. International, national and local case studies are used to support the flow of the argument. Chapter three introduces the geographical and historical background of case studies in which the study was conducted. This historical background is linked to the topic of study to help to understand the phenomenon of employment. Chapter four deals with the presentation and analysis of data collected. The conclusion drawn from the findings and recommendations are found in chapter five. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

No abstract available. / M.A. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2014.

Aujourd’hui de nombreuses recherches sont menées sur les différents types de demeure aristocratiques. Notre étude porte sur un important corpus de résidences seigneuriales datées du XIIIe au XVIe siècle en Viennois et Grésivaudan ; quatre-vingts douze sites ont été rassemblés à partir, d’une part, de la recherche documentaire dans les archives, les bibliothèques et les centres de documentation, et d’autre part, de visites sur le terrain. Ce travail s’attache aux différents types de décors : les décors architecturaux, figuratifs, sculptés et peints. L’objectif de notre recherche est d’établir un corpus de résidences seigneuriales permettant d’étudier l’approche décorative intégrale des sites, ce qui permet un travail de recherche inédit. Le château et la maison forte subsistent encore de nos jours en grand nombre avec d’importants éléments architecturaux en place. La ressemblance entre les caractères architecturaux de ces deux catégories d’habitations assure un nombre suffisant de sites à étudier. Et la distinction de statut entre le château et la maison forte autorise des comparaisons intéressantes au niveau du décor. Le Dauphiné présente un grand nombre de résidences seigneuriales. Le territoire du Grésivaudan est connu comme étant une région propice à l’installation des habitants grâce aux terres fertiles des massifs de la Chartreuse et de la Belledonne. Quant au Viennois, son riche aspect géographique permet de trouver une grande variété de sites. Par ailleurs, l’histoire du Dauphiné démontre une longue période de dépendance du territoire où plusieurs comtes se sont succédés. La politique des conquêtes a permis d’étendre le territoire et de faire face aux ennemis. Notre recherche se concentre sur une période étendue allant du XIIIe au XVIe siècle. Elle inclut donc l’époque médiévale marquée par peu de changements dans les domaines économique et social en Europe occidentale du fait de la succession des guerres et des épidémies. Ceci ne signifie pas que cette période ait connu un recul mais qu’une faible mutation sociale influencée par la religion s’est produite. Cela se reflète dans le développement du domaine artistique. Notre recherche inclut également la période de mutation de la fin du Moyen-Âge et du début de la Renaissance. Ce moment se caractérise par la combinaison de l’art antiquisant et d’un nouveau courant artistique. Au travers de notre recherche, nous recherchons une possible évolution de l’approche décorative de l’habitat noble. L’étude de l’approche décorative des résidences seigneuriales nous permet de mieux appréhender les caractéristiques des décors aussi bien architecturaux que figuratifs. Les éléments architecturaux, sur lesquelles nous avons porté notre attention, comprennent les portes, fenêtres et coussièges, les tourelles en surplomb, les échauguettes, bretèches, meurtrières et cheminées. Les autres décors que nous avons examinés sont les décors figuratifs qui se composent des motifs peints et des peintures murales ainsi que des motifs et figures sculptées. Nous avons pu constater par nos études que toutes les formes de conception décorative (le décor architectural et le décor figuratif) possèdent la structure simple au début de la période étudiée (XIIIe siècle), puis cette forme élémentaire se développe de manière plus compliquée au cours du temps en particulier le décor peint. Nous constatons ainsi une évolution stylistique des décors. En outre, trois types des éléments décorés ; portes, fenêtres et cheminées montrent une ressemblance stylistique. Il s’agit du travail de moulure sur les linteaux, les encadrements et les bases de ces éléments et la présence d’écus armoriés symbolisant l’appartenance du site à une famille ou une personnalité. Ceci permet d’affirmer que ces décors sont caractéristiques de l’époque étudiée. Quant au décor figuratif, l’apparition de différentes figures autorise une dimension plus approfondie au travers d’une présentation narrative.... / There are nowadays many studies about aristocratic houses and their decoration. This study on decoration was achieved from the huge corpus of seignorial residences dated between the 13th and the 16th Centuries in the region of Viennois and Grésivaudan where a number of seignorial residences was found. Fifty-three selected sites gathered from a wide investigation were organized in two ways: firstly by documentary research in the archives, the libraries and the center of document resource, secondly by intervention in the studied area. This research focused on different categories of decoration: architectural, figurative, sculptural and painted decor. The research aims to establish the corpus of seigniorial residences which will enable it to study the entire decorative aspect of the selected sites. This will also allow for a new perspective of aristocratic house research.The castles and the fortified manor houses are known today as the existing aristocratic accommodation, which are in quite a large number and are unique in their architectural elements. The similarity of the two seignorial residences lies in their architectural characteristics. The quantity of them allows for an extension of the research framework for determining a sufficient number in terms of the studied sites. On the contrary, the difference of status between the castles and the fortified manor houses permits a comparison of their decorative aspects. Le Dauphiné has a great number of seignorial residences. The territory of Grésivaudan has been recognized for suitable settlement with fertile land in the mountains of Chartreuse and Belledonne. As for Viennois, this territory has a geographical variation which caused different characteristics of houses. Moreover, the history of Dauphiné presents a long period of independence with the succession of several Counts. The conquest policy was applied for defending the enemies in the surrounding areas and also for conquering more land. A great number of seignorial residences was included in this research. The study period from the 13th to the 16th Centuries is known as the transitional time from the end of the Middle Ages to the beginning of the Renaissance, there were many changes in different domains. These changes reflect the evolution of the decoration of aristocratic houses. The study of decoration of the respective seignorial residences will enable us to learn about the characteristics of the architectural and figurative decoration. Understanding the architectural decor involves a study of the architectural elements: doors, windows, turrets, watch-turrets, brattices, arrow holes and chimneys. The figurative decoration means a study of figurative presentation. The elements concerned are painting motifs and mural painting, sculptural motifs and figures. Molding in architectural decor emphasizes the structure of decorative elements. The frames of the doors and windows can be noticed by volumetric and symmetrical effects which can be seen on the lintel and the lower part of the frames of the structure. The appearance of sculpted shields above the doors and windows help complete the decorative aspect of the elements. The chimney has the same decorative effect but the molded decor would be on the upper part and the corbel or side posts. As for the figurative decoration, the presence of different figures like trees, animals, men create an in-depth dimension and more narration or a narrative scene. The painting motifs and the mural painting form a narrative which show a series of pictures which tell the sequence of an event or several successive scenes. Besides, as the corpus of the research assembles a great number of several types of decoration dating from 13th to 16th Centuries, it consequently reflects a stylistic evolution of decorative elements...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Humberto parte 1 p 1-46.pdf: 1717529 bytes, checksum: a3c2757de7dc18f5ec36b490d8c72269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-13 / Com a descoberta do Brasil pelos portugueses no século XVI, se tem início dentre outras agriculturas a da cana-de-açúcar. Desde então, alguns locais despontaram como principais produtores, tendo se destacado logo nos primeiros séculos as capitanias de Pernambuco e São Tomé, esta última hoje parte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta agricultura trouxe consigo a construção de inúmeros engenhos de açúcar e demais instalações necessárias ao bom desempenho destas atividades, tendo destaque as casas grandes dos senhores de engenho. A presente pesquisa pretende discutir as tipologias encontradas em três solares remanescentes destes engenhos de açúcar na região de Campos dos Goytacazes, construídos no século XIX, através do cadastramento, levantamento histórico e iconográfico destas edificações. Tem como objetivo geral colaborar no fomento à preservação do patrimônio edificado na cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes e região, demonstrando a relevância histórica destes antigos engenhos de açúcar, que apesar de se tratarem de imóveis tombados pelo patrimônio histórico nacional, não se encontram com documentação informativa sistematizada. Entende-se que seja importante para a pretensão da permanência de um registro vivo da arquitetura rural da região de Campos dos Goytacazes, a preservação destas edificações, que contribuirão para a constituição de um modelo construtivo, histórico e estilístico dos solares de engenhos de açúcar da região norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro / With the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century, it opened out to other farming of sugar cane. Since then some sites have emerged as major producers, having been detached from the first few centuries the captaincy of Pernambuco and Sao Tome, the last now part of Rio de Janeiro state. This farming has brought the construction of numerous sugar mills and other facilities which were necessary for the proper performance of these activities, and having highlighted the large houses of the planters. This research intends to discuss the types found in three farmhouses remnants of those sugar mills in the region of Campos dos Goytacazes, which were built in the nineteenth century, through registration, historical and pictorial survey of these buildings. Its main aim is to collaborate in promoting the conservation of heritage buildings in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes and region, demonstrating the historical relevance of these ancient sugar mills, which although they are key properties listed by the national heritage, are not informative with documentation systematized. It is understood that it is important for the claim of residence of a living record of the region s rural architecture of Campos dos Goytacazes, the preservation of these buildings, which will contribute to the establishment of a constructive model, historical and stylistic of solar sugar mills of north of Rio de Janeiro state

This thesis analyses the carbonised remains of the great hall building in Gamla (old) Uppsala, Sweden, which burnt down sometime between 7th to 8th century AD. It is easily assumed that the people of Gamla Uppsala, who lived in one of the most important central places in Iron Age Scandinavia, had both the economy and power to build a most spectacular hall. Previous research on halls has focused on architectural changes as well as the power and rituals such buildings might have represented. However, no previous Swedish archaeological studies have discussed the quality of construction wood as an indication of a well-built hall building. Wood can rarely be analysed in-depth as it is most often decomposed, or only a few charred pieces remain from the constructions. The hall in Gamla Uppsala provides an unusually large amount of charcoal remains. Therefore, an anthracological analysis is used in this thesis to discuss the quality of the hall construction based on the choice of timber. The purpose of this thesis was to identify what kind of wood the builders used to construct the great hall, how much timber and time it would take to build the 50 m long hall building and if the required timber could be found in the area surrounding the hall. The purpose was also to try to identify whether the construction wood was of good quality. The results show that the large timbers were of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and the wattle walls were made of juniper branches (Juniperus sp.). The great hall required at least 6250 scots pine trees, which is 4–5 hectares of clear-cut logging. As the landscape at Gamla Uppsala mainly consisted of large open fields, there were not enough trees that would grow locally to get this amount of timber for the hall. Junipers would, however, grow in the open landscape, and the builders would have gathered a minimum of 3600–5300 branches for the wattle walls. It would have taken around four months or less to build the hall, not including the time it would take to prepare the building material. The identified construction materials suggest that the timber was carefully chosen for the great hall building in Gamla Uppsala. / I denna uppsats har förkolnat virke analyserats från hallbyggnaden på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala, som brann ner någon gång mellan 600- och 700-talet e.Kr. Det är lätt att anta att människorna i Gamla Uppsala, som då bodde i en av järnålderns viktigaste centralplatser, hade en tillräckligt stor social och ekonomisk makt för att bygga en spektakulär hallbyggnad. Tidigare forskning om hallbyggnader har fokuserats på arkitektoniska förändringar samt på den sociala makt och de rituella ceremonier som hallbyggnader ofta är förknippade med. Det finns däremot inga arkeologiska studier i Sverige som har fokuserats på virkeskvalitet från byggnader med sådan dignitet som hallbyggnaden i Gamla Uppsala. Möjligheten att utföra djupare analyser på arkeologiskt trä är sällsynt då det ofta hunnit förmultna, eller endast utgörs av några få förkolnade bitar av ursprungsvirket. Hallen i Gamla Uppsala har efter branden en ovanligt stor mängd förkolnat virke som bevarats i gott skick. Genom vedartsanalyser på de arkeologiska trälämningarna kan kvaliteten på hallbyggnaden diskuteras baserat på val av virke. Syftet med denna uppsats var att identifiera vilka vedarter som användes för att konstruera hallen, hur mycket virke som krävdes, hur lång tid det skulle ta att bygga den 50 m långa hallbyggnaden och om virket kunde hämtas i närområdet kring hallen. Syftet var också att försöka identifiera om konstruktionsvirket var av god kvalitet. Resultaten av analysen visar att majoriteten av virket var av furu (Pinus sylvestris), medan flätverksväggarna var gjorda av ene grenar (Juniperus sp.). För att bygga hallen krävdes minst 6250 tallar, vilket skulle motsvara 4–5 hektar avverkad skog. Eftersom landskapet vid Gamla Uppsala huvudsakligen bestod av stora öppna fält kunde det inte ha funnits tillräckligt med träd som växte i närområdet för att samla in den mängd virke som krävdes för konstruktionen av hallen. Ene var tillgängligt i närområdet i det öppna landskapet, och byggarna behövde minst 3600–5300 grenar till flätverksväggarna. Det skulle ha tagit cirka fyra månader eller mindre att bygga hallen, frånsett den tid det skulle ta att förbereda byggmaterialet. Virket verkar ha valts ut noggrant för hallen på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala.

Archaeology of the fortified manor in the Czech lands To the beginnings of the medieval fortified residences The work is dedicated to the medieval fortified manor in the Czech lands with regard to the need to formulate new questions. He marginally considers the questions of actual and historical terminology and its semantic content. To explore the functions of the fortified manors the structure of the associated settlement is discussed. A substantial testimony is attributed to some of selected written sources pointing to the legal-historical or jurisdictional context of "private" fortified settlements/residences. A separate chapter is devoted to the analysis of several examples of archaeological research from the Czech lands and from western parts of Europe, which revealed situations classifiable to fortified manor, respectively castles, which was preceded by much less or not at all fortified settlements, while maintaining close spatial continuity. So the questions concerning the beginnings of that type settlements are pronounced. With this packet of problems the work deals applying a comparative analysis that leads to some reassessment of the importance of the Romanesque church with the western tower as a kind of reduction of the castle model known from contemporary (12th century) Western European regions...

Studien är en källstudie vars syfte är att undersöka huruvida SARA B-SAFER fungerar som riskbedömningsinstrument och om brottsutvecklingen för våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer har ökat eller minskat under tidsperioden, åren 2000-2012. Urvalet för studien är Kalmar polismyndighet och Södertörn polismästardistrikt. Underlaget för studien är tidigare forskning från hur Polisen har arbetat med SARA B-SAFER och offentlig statistik på antalet anmälda brott från Brottsförebyggande rådet (BRÅ). Resultaten i studien visar på en ökning av antalet anmälda brott för våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer, samtidigt som anmälningarna ligger på en förhållandevis jämn nivå. Vidare indikerar studien på att det finns en komplexitet kring SARA B-SAFER som riskbedömnings-instrument, då det finns indikationer på att instrumentet har en prediktiv validitet. Åtgärder för att skydda brottsoffren hamnar i skymundan och SARA B-SAFER fungerar då inte preventivt, vilket kan förklara antalet ökade anmälningar för att instrumentet predicerar rätt. / This study aims to appose if the SARA B-SAFER are successful as a risk-assessment tool and if the crime development for spousal against women have risen or declined between the years 2000-2012. Kalmar Police County and Södertörn Manor are participating and statistics over crimes for spousal violence against women are studied in these areas. The material for the study is earlier research and statistics from Brottförebyggande rådet (BRÅ). The result in the study show that the crimes for spousal violence against women have increased but lay on a stable level. Further there is a complexity about SARA as a risk-assessment tool, when it seems to work on a predictive level, but not as much on a preventive stage, as wishes. The predictive factor on SARA can explain the increased numbers of crimes.

I denna uppsats studeras hus i förfall i En herrgårdssägen (1899) av Selma Lagerlöf och La casa de los espíritus (Andarnas hus) (1982) av Isabel Allende. La poétique de l’Espace (Rummets poetik) (1958) av Gaston Bachelard används för att undersöka vad det innebär för karaktärerna i dessa verk att bebo en plats i allmänhet, och ett hem i upplösning i synnerhet. Flera karaktärer från verken studeras, och ett särskilt fokus läggs vid de kvinnliga karaktärer som förknippas med övernaturliga händelser. Genom Susan Fraimans artikel “Shelter Writing” (2006) tillämpas ett feministiskt perspektiv som ifrågasätter Bachelards idé om hemmet som en moderlig omfamning och hans upptagenhet vid hushållsarbete som en nostalgisk syssla. Husen från respektive verk beskrivs både före och efter förfallet och genom Rummets poetik tillämpas ett expansivt förhållningssätt till husens lådor, koffertar och rum för att få en inblick i platsernas kopplingar till minnen, kronologi och fantasi. Fokus ligger vid hur husen uppfattas av de olika karaktärerna och att förfallets konsekvenser rentav kan vara något positivt för de drabbade. / This essay studies the motif of houses in decay in En herrgårdssägen (The Tale of a Manor) (1899) by Selma Lagerlöf and La casa de los espíritus (The House of the Spirits) (1982) by Isabel Allende. Bachelard’s La Poétique de l’Espace (The poetics of Space) (1958) is used to examine what it means for the characters in these works to inhabit a place in general, but also a place that is disintegrating. Several characters from the works are studied, and a particular focus is placed on the characters associated with supernatural events. Through Susan Fraiman's article "Shelter Writing" (2006), a feminist perspective will be used, which questions Bachelard's idea of the home as a maternal embrace and his emphasis on housework as a nostalgic chore. The essay describes the houses from both novels before and after the decay and applies an expansive approach to the houses' boxes, trunks and rooms in order to grasp the places' connections to memories, chronology and imagination. The focus lays on how the houses are perceived individually by different characters and that the consequences of the property's decay can be downright beneficial for the characters in the works.